270 current policies are, therefore, questionable in their appropriateness, adequacy, and feasibility in addressing the challenges confronting the country This deficiency, this research argues, could[.]
270 current policies are, therefore, questionable in their appropriateness, adequacy, and feasibility in addressing the challenges confronting the country This deficiency, this research argues, could be overcome by developing an integrated framework that is informed by the cross-disciplinarily and philosophical underpinnings of the challenges faced by the country This research considers the broad impact of social, economic, technical, and environmental dimensions associated with the multi-faceted linkages among the energy, food, and water sectors The core methodology centres on scenariobased analysis with input–output oriented modelling and historical evolution as backdrops The findings of this research are, therefore, critical for providing deeper insights into the energy–food–water nexus for policy development for Vietnam, policies which – it is expected – will augment the capacity of the Vietnamese policy makers to redress the socio-economic developmental challenges 8.1.3 Social, economic and environmental impact of various scenarios During the period 2014–2030, the socio-economic outcomes in all the scenarios would generally improve, with an annual economic growth between 5.3% and 7.0%, and job opportunities ranging between 8.1% and 9.2%; there would only be a modest improvement in trade balance though, and even less improvement in investment efficiency Accordingly, the environmental impact would significantly worsen in most scenarios with CO2 emissions per capita per annum increasing on average between 11% (3.8 tons) and 16% (5 tons) Social impact (employment): The nexus scenario with low carbon pathway (SC6) is likely to generate the highest jobs (218.3 million), which is 18.1 % higher than the jobs created in SC1-BAU, while SC1-BAU would generate the lowest number of jobs (182 million) In other scenarios, the number of new jobs created will be 235.1 million, 195.6 million, 193.9 million, and 205.1 million in SC2, SC3, SC4, and SC5, respectively GDP: despite diverse economic outcomes across the scenarios, the annual economic growth rate of Vietnam is not likely to return to the past record of above 7% in the period 2014–2030 The energy–food–water nexus approaches, as in scenarios SC5 and SC6, generates a larger economy than the non-nexus approach, (SC1, SC2, SC3, and SC4) Scenario SC5 generates the largest economy with the highest total GDP of USD 426.6