Những qui pháp luật về bảo về quyền lợi ngưòi tiêu dùng việt nam và những vấn đề đặt ra

KHOA QUAN TRI KINH DOANH CAN NGANH KINH DOANH QUOC TE KHOA LUAN TOT NGHI jiP NHU’NG QUY DI NH PHAP LUAT VE BAO VE QUYEN LOI NGU’ I TIEU DUNG CUA VIET NAM VA NHU’NG VPN DC DAT RA Ho tén sinh vién Anh I—QTKD—KDQT Khéa ‘ 45 Gi‹io vién hirc ng dén ThS Nguyén Ngpc Ha Ha Noi, 05/2010 LOI CAM Cf N Tfii xin bay tfi su biét on sfiu sac téi Ban gi:inn hi(u, Phong Dao tao, Khoa Quan tri kinh doanh, cac phfing ban kh:ic ciia truéng Dat hpc Ngoai Thuong ciing toan the cac giang vién da tao diéu ki(n cho tfii co dupc m‹›t moi truéng hpc tfip v:i luyén thuan lcri suot nhilng nam qua Dac biét, toi xin chfin ciim on ThS Nguyen Ngoc Ha, mac dii rat ban ron voi cfing t:ic gi:ing day nhung da nhi(t tirih danh their gian huéng dan de“ tfii hoan khoa luan Tuy nhién, han ché vé kién thuc va tain nhin nén bai nghién ctiu khfing tranh khoi co nhfrng sai sot v:i khiém khuyét Rfit mong nhan dupc y kién dong gop guy bau cua ngu‹›i dpc Xin chan th:inh cam on! Trang i MUC LUC LV NOI DAU .I CUUONG I: TONG QUAN VE PHAP LUAT BAO V,E QUYEN LQI NGANI TIEU DUNG I Ngwfri tiéu diing v:i s;y can thiét ph:i i b:to v( quyén lpi ciia ngiriri tiéu diing4 Kh:i i ni(m, d)c diem va vat tro cii a ngwmi tiéu diing S;y can thiét ph:ii bfio v( quyén lpi ngirfri tiéu d ring II Kh:i i qu:i t ve ph:i p In t b:to v( quyén lpi iigiriii tiéu diing v:i ph:ip luat bao v( quyén lpi ngiriri tiéu diing fr Vi(t Nam .10 Kh:ii qu:i t vé ph:i p luat bdo v( quyén lpi nguoi tiéu diing .10 1.1 Sur hinh thénli va phat trién cha phap luét béo vé quyén lot ngiréi’i tiéu dhng /rén ihé gift 10 1.2 Kllcii niém va not dung cc ban cua phcip luét béo vé quyén loi ngvé'i tiéu diing l3 Kh:i i qufit vé ph:ip luat bdo v( quyén lpi ngwmi tiéu diing Nr Vi(t Nam 23 Sri hinh vé phat trién cua phép tuft béo vé quyén lot ngiiéi tiéu dhng fi rin Nam .23 2.2 Nguon cha phap luét béo vé quyén loi ngiiéi tiéu d’ung c Viét Nam 25 CHtfONG II: TH C T NG PHAP LU,AT BAO VE QUYEN LQI NGUOI TIEU DUNG CJ VIET NAM 28 I Nhfrng quy d(nh chung 28 Pham vi diéu chinh 28 Dfii tirpng diéu chinh .29 Nhfrng nguyén tae cc ban cfia ph:i p lu)t b:to v( quyén l9i nguiri tiéu diing ir Vi(t Nam j Céc nguyén tae cc bcin Nghi dinh so 55/2008/ND-CP 32 Céc nguyén tae céc vén ban kliéc cé tiéu quan dén bao vé quyén /e/ ngvéi tiéu diing 33 II Noi dung cfia ph:i p luat bfio v( quyén lpi ngw6i tiéu diing 34 Nhfrng guy d;inh vé quyén va nghia vp cfia ngwiri tiéu d iing 34 / / Quyén cua ngiiéi //éu diing ? Nglita ve cha ngvb'i tiéu dhng 37 Trang Nhfrng quy dJnh vé tr:ich ii hi(m cii a c:ie c:i nhfl n, t6 chfrc cung frng, s:in xuat h:ing héia, d)ch vu 37 Quy dinh vé tréch nhiém cung hug thong tin, hu:‹ rig dénn nhiiriig hiéu biét can thiét vé céch thiic, phvong thi’tc si’r dung hang héa, d[ch ve 37 2.2 Quy dJnh vé tréch nliiém cong bo tiéu chuan vé sinh an tocin thiic ph ni 38 2.3 Quy dinh vé trach nhiém phong rig’u:a, kh c phuc ngo doc thiic phain vfi truyén nhi in qcs thitc ph in 39 2.4 Quy dinh vé trécli nhiem doi véi chit liic ng héng héa, d[ch ve 40 2.5 Quy dinh vé trcich nhiéin bao hanh hang héa, d[ch vu 42 6, Quy dinh vé tréch nhiém boi thiic ng thiét hai .43 Cfic quy d)nh ve gi:i i quyét tranh chfip va xir ly vi pham .45 Céc guy dinh vé giéi quyét khiéu nai, to cao ciia rigu:ii tiéu dung .45 3.2 Ccic guy dinh vé xv Iy' vi pham phép luét ban vé ngiri i tiéu dung .48 C:ie quy d)nb vé qu:in ly va thiyc thi cfia nha nuiic vé ban v( quyén lpi ngirmi tiéu diing .50 C:ie quy d)nh kh:ic 52 CIIIIONG III: NIIUNG VAN DE D,AT RA VA GIAI PHAP HOAN THIEN PHAP LU(AT BAO VE QUYEN LQI NGU TIEU DUNG © VI(ET NAM 56 I Nhfrng vfin de dat dfii v‹ii ph:i p luat b:to v( quyén lpi ngwiii tiéu d iing ii viet Nam 56 Nhfrng han ché, tern tai ciia ph:i p luat b:to v( quyén l pi »grr i tieu d iiiig fr Viet Nam „„ 56 1.1 Kliung plicip Incit vé béo vé quyén lot ngiii i tiéu diing cliiia hoan //tiéu 56 1.2 Han ché qué trinh thiic thi cac quy dinh ciia pllép luét vé béo vé quyén lot ngitéi tiéu d’ung khién cho so vu vi pliain céng / fiug 63 Nguyén nhan 64 / Tit phia cc' quan nlici nirfic 64 2 Tit phia hiép héi ban vé ugtrd'/ tié u diing .66 Titphia ngiiéii //én diing 67 2.4 Titphia to chiic, cé nhén sén xu t, kinli doanli 67 Trang II Kinh nghiém xay diyng va th;yc thi phép luat béo v( quyén l pi ngirfri tiéu diing fr mgt SP q ufic gia trén the gi6i 68 Ph:ip luat va thiyc thi ph:i p lua( t ve b:in v( quyén lpi ngwiri tiéu diing tai Hea Ky - 69 Phé p luat va th jyc thi ph:ip lu(at vé b:to v( quyén lpi ngw6i tiéu d iing tai Ph:ip 76 Ph:ip luat va thiyc thi ph:i p luat vé b:to v( quyén lpi ngwfri tiéu diing tai An Do 78 Nhfrng kinh nghi(m riit 80 III Gi:ii ph:i p hoan thi(n va nfing cao hi(u qu:i ciia ph:i p In(at vé bao v( ngiriii tiéu diing fr wet Nam 82 Nh‹im giai ph:ip dfii v‹ii Nha niriic 82 1.1 Hoan thién khung phap luét vé ban vé quyén loi nguéi tiéu d“ung 82 1.2 Néng can hiéu qué hoat dong cna cac cc quan nha nvéc vé bao vé quyén /ci ngii‹ i iie× diing 86 Nbéim gi:ii pb:ip dfii v‹ii doanh ngbi(p 86 Tiép tuc car tiéu, uang cao chat liiong hang hoa, d]ch vu 87 2.2 Céi tiéu, ncing cao chat In:eng dich vu sau ban héng 87 2.3 Giidi quyét tot cac khiéu nai ciia khcich hang 88 2.4 Tuan thii ccic quy d]nh phép lu‹it vé béo vé quyén loi ngvéi tiéu d’ung Trang DANH MUC T Tén viét tat VIET TAT Tén day dii NTD : Ngucri tiéu dung CPSC : Uy ban An toan San phfim Tiéu diing Hoa Ky US Consumer Product Safety Coinmission CPSA EPA FDCA FDA Luat An toan San pham Tiéu dung Hoa Ky Consumer Product Safety Act C‹i quan bao ve “ i truén Hoa US Environmental Protection Ageney Dao luat ve thuc pham, ducrc pham v:i my pham Hoa Ky Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act C‹i quan Quan ly Dupc phém v:i Thuc ph:inn US Food and Drug Administration DGCCRF : Tong cuc Canh tranh, Tiéu dung v:i Trfin ap gian lan cua Phap Direction Générale de la Concurrence, de la Consomination et de la Répression des Grandes INC Vién tiéu diing quoc gia Ph:ip Institut National de la Consommation VINASTAS : Hoi Tiéu chuan va Bao v( Ngucri tiéu diing Vi(t Nam The Vietnam Standard and Consumer Association Tran LOI NOI DAU Tinh cap thiét ciia dé Hi Sir phat trién manh me cua th| truérig h:ing ho:i va dich vu, ciia he thong s:in xu:it va phan phfii nhfmg thap ky gan day, nhat la tir Dang vii Nh:i nucrc Viet Nam thuc hién duéng Hi Doi moi, da mang lai nhie“ u cc hoi cling nhu lcri ich cho ngu‹ i tiéu diing (sau day viét tat la NTD) Viet Nam NTD rig:iy cang co nhieu su lira chpn doi vcri cac san pham hang hoa v:i dich vu in:i minh 'n sir dung the thay, du co the dupc huéing nhiéu lpi ich tir su phat trien ng:iy cang léin manh ciia nén kinh té dat nucic, NTD Viet Nam ciing ph:ii doi m)at vcri thuc trang la nhiéu h:ing hoa, dich vp co chfit lupng khfing dam bao, khfing tuan thu diing c:ic tiéu chuan ve an toan, v( sinh thuc pham; cac thong tin ve hang hoa, dich vu khfing ducc nha san xufit hay nguoi b:in, ngu‹ii cung ting dich vp cung cap day dii .Nhiing diéu da anh huéng den sire khfie, den quyén lpi chinh dang cfia NTD — nhiing ngu‹ii co vat tro khfing nho su phiit trién ciia th] truéng hiing hoa, dich vu Viet Nam Nhan thay tain quan trpng cua viéc b:to v( cac rat ich chinh diing cfia NTD, Hién phap nam 1992 guy dinh: "Nha niiéc cé chinh séch béo ho quyén loi cita ngiiéi sén xuat va NTD ” (diéu 28 doan 2) Cu the hfia die“ u nay, Uy ban Thuéng vu Quoc hoi da ban hanh Ph:ip l(nh Bao ve quyén l oi NTD viio ngiiy 24/04/ 1999 va Phiip l(nh co hiéu luc tir 01 I 0/1999 C:ic quy dinh cfia Phap lénh n:iy, ciing vcii quy dinh rai réc cac van ban luat khac nhu Lu a(t Thuong mai nam 1997, nam 2005, Phap lénh bao ve va kiem dich thuc phfim nam 200 1, Luat Tiéu chu:in va quy chuan ky thuat nam 2006, Luat Ch:it lupng sin pham, hang hoa nam 2007 .da tao nén khung phap 1y ban dau de bao ve c:ic quyén 1‹ii chinh dang cua NTD Tuy nhién, qua trinh thi hanh Phap lénh cling da cho thay mot so bfit cap nhu sau: c:ic guy dinh ve bao ve quyén lcri NTD chung chung, khfi thuc hi(n; chua xay dung ducc mot cc che giéi quyét tranh ch:ip him hi‹:u de NTD co the b:to v( minh mot cach nhanh chong, thuan ti(n; su phfii hpp gifra cac ccr quan co tham quyen cong t:ic bao ve: NTD han ché; chua tao cci ché him hi‹:u giiip Tran c:ic to chirc bao v( NTD hoat dong mot cach co hi(u qua ' Vay thirc trang khung phap luat ve bao ve NTD ciia Vi(t Nam nhu the' nao? Khung ph:ip luat n:iy nhfmg han ché cu the nao? Can phai Jam gi dé hoén thie"n khung phap 1y nay? De tra l‹ii cho nhfmg cau hfii nay, ngucri viét da chpn de tar: “Nhii:rig guy d[nh phép luat vé béo v quyén lpi ngiré'i tiéu diing cha Vie:t Nam vé nhiimg van dé dat ra” 1:tin de tai khoa luiin tot nghi(p ciia minh Muc dich nghién erm ciia dé tai - Lam rii khai niém NTD va su can thiét phat bao ve quyén loi cua NTD - Phan tich thirc trang phap luat bao ve quyén l pi NTD ci Viet Nam, bao gfim phan tich c:ic guy dinh ciia Ph:ip lenh Bao ve“ quyén l‹ i NTD nam 1999 vii c:ic guy dinh co lien quan cac van biin ph:ip luat kh:ic cling nhu thuc tr g thuc thi cac quy dinh - Danh gia nhiing két qua v:i nhfmg han ché, ton tai ciia khung phap luat b:to v( quyén lpi NTD cr Vi(t Nam - Nghién ctiu kinh nghiém ciia mot ' nu‹ic qua trinh xfiy d g va thuc thi cac quy dinh phap luat bao ve quyén lci NTD - De mot so giai phap de ho:in thién khung phap luat ve b:to v( quyén lpi NTD cr Vi(t Nam Dfii twpug vd pham vi nghién elm cfia dé I:ii 3.1 Doi tvpng nghién cii:u cha dé tai Doi tupng nghién cifu ctia de tai I:i he thong cac quy dinh cfia Vi(t Nam ve b:to v( quyén lot NTD Dong thoi, de tai cling nghién ctiu kinh nghi(m cfia mot so nu‹ c ve xfiy dung va thuc thi cac guy d]nh phap lufit ve bao ve quyén 1‹ii NTD 3.2 Pltam vi ngliién cii’u cha dé téi Vé mat n i dang, de tai se di sau phan tich cac quy dinh Ph:ip lenh Bao ve quyén loi NTD nam 1999, mot so van b:in phap luat co lien quan kh:ic, nhu Lu(at Thuong mai nam 2005, Luat Tiéu chuan va guy chuan ky thu a/ t nam 2006, Luat Chat lupng san pham, hang hfia nam 2007, Phap lenh Ve sinh an toan thuc ' Bfi Tu phap, Béo céo Thcim dinh dv én théo Luéi Béo vé quyén /p/ ngiro i tiéu diing, H‹i Néi, I 7/03/2010, It Trang 2, xem tai: http //duthaoon1ine ochoi.vn/du-thao-luat/du-thao-luat-bao-ve-nuuoi-tieu-dunu (truy cap 10/04/20 10) Trang