Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang COMPARISON Các mức độ so sánh tính từ trạng từ: (khơng bằng), hơn, Equal comparisons (So sánh ngang bằng) * Form: Adj S+ V + as + Adv + as + Noun/ Pronoun Many/ few Much/ little Eg: He is as tall as his father John sings as well as his sister - Nếu câu phủ định, as thứ thay so Eg: He is not as tall as his father = He is not so tall as his father - Ý nhau, diễn đạt cách khác Danh từ dùng để so sánh danh từ có tính từ tương đương Adjectives Nouns Heavy, light weight Wide, narrow width Deep, shallow depth Long, short length Big, small size Khi có cấu trúc: S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun Eg: my house is as high as his = my house is the same height as his Tom is as old as Mary = Tom and Mary are the same age * Note: - Chúng ta dùng “ the same as” không dùng “ the same like” - Less…….than = not so/ as…… as Ex: He is not as tall as his father = He is less tall than his father - Khi nói gấp lần, ta dùng cấu trúc “ twice as…….as/ three times as… as” My house is twice as big as your house + So sỏnh gp nhiu ln(So sánh đa béi) So sánh bội số so sánh: nửa, gấp đôi, gấp 3,……… S +V + số gia bội + as + much , noun + as+ noun/ pronoun Many Tơng đơng cấu trúc tiếng Việt: gấp rỡi, gấp hai Không đợc sử dụng so sánh mà sử dụng so sánh bằng, so sánh phải xác định danh từ đếm đợc hay không đếm đợc, đằng trớc chúng có many/much Ex: This encyclopedy costs twice as much as the other one Ex:Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year Comparatives ( so sánh hơn) Tính từ ngắn - Là tính từ có âm tiết, thêm er, est vào hình thức so sánh Eg: longer -> longer -> longest Fast -> faster -> fastest Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang - Tính từ âm tiết tận nguyên âm + phụ âm( trừ w, x, z)-> gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước thêm er, est Big -> bigger -> biggest - Tính từ âm tiết tận e câm-> việc thêm r, st Fine -> finer -> finest Large -> larger -> largest - Tính từ âm tiết tận phụ âm + y-> đổi y -> I + er, est Nếu tận nguyên âm+ y khơng thay đổi Dry -> drier -> driest - Tính từ âm tiết tận le, er, ow, et, y thêm er, est Quiet -> quieter -> quietest Clever -> cleverer -> cleverer - Tính từ âm tiết nhấn mạnh âm tiết thứ 2-> thêm er, est Severe -> severer -> severerest (nghiêm trọng) Sublime -> sublimer -> sublimest ( vĩ) - Tính từ có hậu tố : -ed, - ful, - ing, -ous thêm more vào trước cho dù tính từ dài hay ngắn ( more useful, more boring,……… ) Trạng từ ngắn âm tiết + er, est Tính từ, trạng từ dài dùng more, most a Tính từ, trạng từ ngắn Thêm er than vào tính từ trạng từ ngắn S + V + short- Adj + er than + noun/ pronoun Adv Eg: today is hotter than yesterday Ba runs faster than Phong b Tính từ , trạng từ dài Dùng more….than với tính từ, trạng từ dài có âm tiết trở lên S + V + more + long- Adj Adv + er than + noun/ pronoun * Note: - So sánh nhấn mạnh cách thêm “ much far” trước hình thức so sánh Today is much hotter than yesterday - A lot, a bit, a little, rather dùng trước so sánh Today is a lot hotter than yesterday - Ta có thẻ so sánh thực thể( người vật) mà không sdụng than Trong trường hợp thành ngữ of the two sử dụng câu( đứng đầu câu sau N phải có dấu phẩy đứng cuối câu S +V + the +comparative + of the two + (noun) Hoặc Of the two+ (noun), S + V + the+ comparative Eg: Nam is the more intelligent of the two boys Of the two shirts, this one is the prettier Superlatives( so sánh nhất) Adj- est Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang S+ V +the + most- Adj Least- Adj + In + N số of + N số nhiều * Trường hợp đặc biệt: Một số tính từ có hình thức so sánh bất quy tắc Good/ well -> better -> best Bad/ badly -> worse -> worst Many/ much -> more -> most Little -> less -> least Far -> farther/ further -> farthest/ furthest Old -> older/ elder -> oldest/ eldest - Cả farther further/ farthest furthest dùng để khoảng cách Khơng có khác nghĩa The way from my house to school is farther/ further than to the post office - “ Further” cịn có nghĩa “thêm nữa, nữa” ( farther ko có nghĩa này) - “Elder/ eldest” dược dùng làm tính từ ( đứng trước danh từ) đại từ ( ko có danh từ theo sau) thay cho “older/ oldest” để nhiều tuổi chủ yếu dùng để so sánh thành viên gia đình Eg: my elder/ older sister is an engineer He is the eldest in his family - Elder không dùng với than cấu trúc so sánh hơn, ta dùng older * Note: - More/ most dùng cho trạng từ tận “ ly” More slowly, more quietly, ……………… ( Nhưng với “ early” không dùng “ more/ most” mà phải “ earlier/ earliest” - Một số tính từ có âm tiết có hình thức so sánh “er/ more – est/ most” Clever, common, cruel, gentle, narrow, pleasant, polite, quiet, simple, stupid - More most dùng cho tính từ có âm tiết trở lên, ngoại trừ từ phản nghĩa ADJ có vần tận “y” Unhappy-> unhappier untidy -> untidier- > untidiest - Less least phản nghĩa “ more/ most” - Tính từ trạng từ so sánh dùng mà khơng có danh từ theo sau danh từ đề cập đến This duilding is the tallest in my countryside So sánh kép (Cng cng) Là loại so sánh với cấu trúc: Càng Các Adj/Adv so sánh phải đứng đầu câu, trớc chúng phải có The The + comparative + S + V + the + comparative + S + V Ex: The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel NÕu chØ mét vế có Adj/Adv so sánh vế lại có thÓ dïng The more Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang The more + S + V + the + coparative + S + V Ex: The more you study, the smarter you will become Sau The more ë vÕ thø nhÊt cã thĨ cã that nhng kh«ng nhÊt thiÕt Ex: The more (that) you study, the smarter you will become Trong trờng hợp hai vế có thành ngữ it is bỏ chúng Ex: The shorter (it is), the better (it is) Hc hai vế to be bỏ ®i Ex: The closer to one of the Earth’s pole (is), the greater the gravitational force (is) Các thành ngữ: all the better (càng tốt hơn), all the more (càng hơn), not any the more (chẳng tí nào), none the more (chẳng chút nào) dùng để nhấn mạnh cho tính từ phó từ đợc đem so sánh đằng sau Nó đợc dùng với tính từ trừu tỵng: Ex: Sunday mornings were nice I enjoyed them all the more because Sue used to come round to breakfast (các sáng chủ nhật trời thật đẹp Tôi lại thích sáng chủ nhật nữu Sue thờng ghé qua ăn sáng.) Ex: He didnt seem to be any the worse for his experience (Anh ta cµng lên kinh nghiệm mình.) Ex: He explained it all carefully, but I was still none the wiser (Anh ta giải thích toàn điều cẩn thận nhng không sáng chút cả.) Cấu trúc tuyệt đối không dùng cho c¸c tÝnh tõ thĨ: Ex: Incorrect: Those pills have made him all the slimmer CÊu tróc No sooner than = Vừa đà Chỉ dùng cho thời Quá khứ thời Hiện tại, không dùng cho thời Tơng lai No sooner đứng đầu mệnh đề, theo sau trợ động từ đảo lên trớc chủ ngữ để nhấn mạnh, than đứng đầu mệnh đề lại: No sooner + auxiliary + S + V + than + S + V Ex: No sooner had we started out for California than it started to rain (Past) * Mét vÝ dụ thời (will đợc lấy sang dùng cho hiƯn t¹i) Ex: No sooner will he arrive than he want to leave.(Present) Một cấu trúc tơng đơng cÊu tróc nµy: No sooner than = Hardly/Scarely when Ex: Scarely had they felt in love each other when they got maried Lu ý: No longer = not anymore = không nữa, dùng theo cÊu tróc: S + no longer + Positive Verb Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Tho- Trng THCS Tõn Quang So sánh ngời vật Khi so sánh ngời vật, đợc dùng so sánh kém, không đợc dùng so sánh bậc nhất, số dạng văn nói văn viết chấp nhận so sánh bậc (Lỗi bản) Trớc adj adv so sánh phải có the, câu có thành ngữ of the two + noun thành ngữ đứng đầu cuối câu Ex: Harvey is the smarter of the two boys Ex: Of the two shirts, this one is the prettier So s¸nh bËc Dùng so sánh ngời vật trở lên: Đối với tính từ phó từ ngắn dùng đuôi est Đối với tính từ phó từ dài dùng most least Đằng trớc so sánh phải có the Dùng giới từ in víi danh tõ sè Ýt Ex: John is the tallest boy in the family Dïng giíi tõ of víi danh tõ sè nhiỊu Ex: Deana is the shortest of the three sister Do sau thành ngữ One of the + so s¸nh bËc nhÊt + noun phải đảm bảo chắn noun phải số nhiều, động từ phải chia số Ex: One of the greatest tennis players in the world is Johnson Một số tính từ phó từ mang tính tuyệt đối cấm dùng so sánh bậc nhất, hạn chế dùng so sánh kém, buộc phải dùng bỏ more: unique/ extreme/ perfect/ supreme/ top/ absolute/Prime/ Primary Ex: His drawings are perfect than mine preferable to Sb/Sth = đợc a thích superior to Sb/Sth = siêu việt inferior to Sb/Sth = hạ đẳng WEEK Date of teaching : 31/10/2013 Passive VOICE A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to know more about passive and exercises B/ Procedures : I / GRAMMAR A/ The passive voice Active : Hemingway wrote “The old man and the sea “ Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang Passive: “ The old man and the sea” was written S + be + PII + by Hemingway by + O Tense Active voice Passive voice Simple Present eat, eats am, is, are eaten Simple Past ate was, were eaten Simple Future will, shall eat will, shall be eaten Present Perfect has, have eaten has,have been eaten Past Perfect had eaten had been eaten Present Continuous am, is, are eating am, is, are being eaten Past Continuous was, were eating was, were being eaten Modals can eat can be eaten Notes: - Tr¹ng tõ thêi gian ®øng sau “by” Ex : She does the housework every morning The housework is done by her every morning -Trạng từ thể cách đứng to be PII E x : She cooked the meals carefully The meals were carefully cooked by her -Trạng t nơi chốn ®øng tríc “by” Ex : She will put the flower vase in the living room The flower vase will be put in the living room by her -§èi víi chđ ngữ : nobody, nothing, no one ¸p dơng c¸ch chun Ex : Nobody saw him last night He was not seen last night He was seen by nobody last night -Các chủ ngữ mơ hồ : somebody, something, people, they, someone, chun sang c©u bị động lợc bỏ by + O Ex : Somebody has stolen my purse My purse has been stolen - Động từ nêu lên ý kiến : say, think, believe, report, know……… cã thĨ ®ỉi theo c¸ch: Ex : People said that he had gone abroad It was said that he has gone abroad He was said to have gone abroard Các nội động từ (Động từ không yêu cầu tân ngữ nào) không đợc dùng bị động Ex: My leg hurts Đặc biệt chủ ngữ chịu trách nhiệm hành động không đợc chuyển thành câu bị động Ex: The America takes charge: Níc Mü nhËn l·nh tr¸ch nhiệm Nếu ngời vật trực tiếp gây hành động dùng by nhng vật gián tiếp gây hành động dùng with Ex: The bird was shot with the gun - The bird was shot by the hunter Trong mét sè trêng hợp to be/to get + P2 hoàn toàn không mang nghĩa bị động mà mang nghĩa: Chỉ trạng thái mà chủ ngữ Ti liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang Ex: Could you please check my mailbox while I am gone Ex: He got lost in the maze of the town yesterday ChØ viƯc chđ ngữ tự làm lấy Ex: The little boy gets dressed very quickly Ex: Could I give you a hand with these tires Ex: No thanks, I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts Mäi sù biÕn ®ỉi vỊ thời thể nhằm vào động từ to be, phân từ giữ nguyên ã to be made of: Đợc làm (Đề cập đến chất liệu làm nên vật) Ex: This table is made of wood ã to be made from: Đợc làm từ (đề cập đến việc nguyên vật liệu bị biến đổi hoàn toàn trạng thái ban đầu để làm nên vật) Ex: Paper is made from wood • to be made out of: Đợc làm (đề cập đến trình làm vËt) Ex: This cake was made out of flour, butter, sugar, eggs and milk • to be made with: Đợc làm với (đề cập đến số nhiều chất liệu làm nên vật) Ex: This soup tastes good because it was made a lot of spices B/ The present perfect tense 1/ Form (+) S + have/has + PII (-) S + have/has + not + PII (?) Have/Has + S + PII …? 2/ The uses a) Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ không nêu rõ thời gian Ex : I have read the introduction but I don’t understand them She has painted her room b) Một hành động xảy gần mà kết Ex : Tom has had a bad car accident c) Một hành động bắt đầu khứ nhng tiếp diễn đến (thờng dùng với since for) -Since: thời điểm -For: thời lợng Ex : We have lived in this house since 1972 They have stayed in that hotel for two weeks d) Một hành động x¶y mét kho¶ng thêi gian cha chÊm døt ( thêng dïng víi today, this morning, this month, all night, all week…….) Ex : He has played video games all night I have got many bad marks this semester e) Đợc dùng với cấu trúc : * This/That/ It is the first/second/third…………time…… * This/That/ It is the only……… * This/That/It is + superlative Ex : This is the first time I have been to London This is the only party I’ve ever enjoyed in my life That is the most exciting novel I’ve ever read Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tõn Quang f) Thờng dùng với thành ngữ : already, not………yet, yet, ever, never, just, so far, recently, lately……… Ex : Have you seen Ann lately ? My parents have just bought a new house II-Exercises Ex 1/ Supply the corect form of the verbs in brackets She ( leave )…………… school last year Since then she (work)……………….as a waitress at a local pub I’m sorry I ( not finish)…………… this homework yet You (see)………………any good films recently? How many cups of coffee (drink)……………….today ? Our team (be)………………… rubbish They (just lose)………………eight games one after the other Poems as well as plays ( write)…………….by William Shakespeare I’m not cooking today I (cook)……………… all the meals yesterday In fact, I (cook)……………………most of the meals this week This is the second times I ( come back)……………….to Ho Chi Minh city The dancers ( perform)………………….very well when we came in 10.They ( have )……………………a party at their friend’s house tonight Ex2 / You are talking to Lan, Who has just come back from Malaysia Ask her about the visit Write your questions You: Oh, Lan ! You have been to Malaysia, haven’t you? Lan : That’s right You: So (1)………………………………………………………………………………? Lan: I got home two days ago You: (2)……………………………………………………………………………………? Lan: I stayed there for five days You: (3)……………………………………………………………………………………? Lan: It was fine and sunny all the time You: (4)………………………………………………………………………………….? Lan: We visited PETRONAS Twin Towers and some other interesting places in Kuala Lumpur You : ……………………………………………………………….all the time ? Lan: Yes, of course I spoke English to everyone I met Ex3/ Give the correct form of the words to complete the sentences Some of these traditional dressed have been………………… MODERN Many Vietnamese women continue to to wear the unique and…………dresses FASHION …………………… jeans are the 1960s’ fashion EMBROIDERY Jeans made in China are sometimes…………………… cheap SURPRISE 5.February is…………………… the shortest FREQUENCY 6.Lan wants to become a fashion……………… when she grows up DESIGN Although its services are not very good, the hotel is…………… for the beach CONVENIENCE Although the ao dai is the……………………dress of Vietnamese women, not many of them wear it at work TRADITION Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang 9.We’re very impressed by the ………………… of your town’s people friend 10 Liverpool is an………………….city in the north of England industry 11 Is Buddhism the country’s…………………….religion of Thailand ? office 12 Should English be a ………………… foreign language in Vietnam? compel 13.This handbook give us………………… information about ASIAN countries add 14 There used to be a big tree at the .to this village ENTER 15 People used to wear just a wrapped round the body CLOTHES EX 4/ Change the following sentences from the active into the passive 1.My sister gave me a new pair of Jeans on my fifteen birthday ……………………………………………………………………………… The worker are building a supermarket on our street ………………………………………………………………………………… The zoo keepers feed the animals twice a day ………………………………………………………………………………… They have sold their car to pay their dept …………………………………………………………………………………… We are going to grow flowers in the front garden …………………………………………………………………………………… You musn’t use this machine after 5.30 pm …………………………………………………………………………………… My grandmother is knitting a new sweater for me ………………………………………………………………………………… Did people make jeans two hundred years ago ? ………………………………………………………………………………… We don’t use this kind of cloth to make shirts ………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Vietnamese women continue to wear the unique and fashtionable ao dai …………………………………………………………………………………………… Ex 5/ Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) for each space Jeans are very popular with young people all (1)……… the world Some people say that jeans are the “uniform” of (2)…………But they haven’t always been popular The story of jeans started (3)……… two hundred years ago People in Genoa, Italy, made pants The cloth(4)………… in Genoa was called “jeanos” The pants were called “jeans” In 1850, a saleman (5)…………….California began selling pants made of canvas His name was Levi Strauss (6)…………they were so strong, “Levi’s pants” began making his pants with blue cotton (9)……………called denim Soon after, factory workers in the United States and Europe began (10)………… jeans Young people usually didn’t wear them A in B on C over D above A youth B young C younger D youngest A lots B much C most D almost A make B makes C making D made A in B on C at D with A although B but C because D so A famous B popular C good D wonderful A late B later C latest D last Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang A cloth 10 wear B clothing B wearing C cloths C wore D clothes D worn * ANSWERS: EX1: left/ has worked were written haven't finished cooked / have cooked have you seen have come back have drunk were performing is/ have just lost 10 are going to have EX2: 1/ So when did you get / return/ come back home ? 2/ How long did you stay there ? 3/ What was the weather like ( there ) ? 4/ What/ Where did you visit ? 5/ Did you speak English all the time ? EX3: modernized designer 11.official fashionable convenient 12 compulsory embroidered 8.traditional 13.additional surprisingly 9.friendliness 14 entrance frequently 10 industrial 15 cloth EX4: I was given a new pair of jeans on my fifteen birthday by my sister or A new pair of jeans was given to me on my fifteen birthday by my sister A supermarket is being built on our street ( by the workers ) The animals are fed twice a day ( by the zoo keepers ) Their car has been sold to pay their debt ( by them ) Flowers are going to be grown in the front garden ( by us ) This machine mustn't be used after 5.30 pm ( by you ) 7.A new sweater is being knitted for me by my grandmother Were jeans made two hundred years ago This kind of cloth isn't used to make shirts ( by us ) 10 The unique and fashionable ao dai continues to be worn by Vietnamese women EX 5: 1.C D A B A 2.A D C B 10 B III/ HOMEWORK: - Learn byheart the grammar - Consolidate the knowledge for revision on the next period 10 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang 16 A shortage fo water is a problem in many parts of the world In some areas, water from the ground faster than nature can replenish the supply A is being taken B has been taking C is taking D has teken 17 Vitamin C by the human body It gets into the blood stream quickly A absorbs easily B is easily absorbing C is easily absorbed D absorbed easily 18 "When can I have my car back?" "I think it'll late this afternoon." A finish B be finished C have finished D be finish 19 My country the pursuit of world peace A is dedicating to B is dedicated to C is dedicating by D is dedicated by 20 I didn't think my interview went very well, but I guess it must have Despite all my anxiety, I for the job I wanted I'm really going to work hard to justify their confidence A was hiring B hired C got hiring D got hired Exercise 8: Chuyển câu sau sang câu chủ động This question was often put to me but it was never answered by me It was decided that their marriage would be organized in December I had been given a card to the club and in the afternoon it was used by me to go there to play bridge You will be given new instructions before you leave It was believed that the fire was caused by a short circuit in the lift machinery I was lent the book by my friend They had been caught by the war in Australia A new block of flats is being built down the street He had to be operated on 10 My collection of stamps has been stolen 11 Lessons should be made more interesting 12 I’m afraid this vase cannot be repaired 13 Her boy – friend is well spoken of INDIRECT SPEECH Câu trực tiếp câu gián tiếp Cú cách để tường thuwtj lại mà người nói: trực tiếp gián tiếp Lời nói trực tiếp: Là lặp lại xác từ người nói Ex: He said "I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday" - Lời nói trực tiếp đặt dấu ngoặc kép, sau động từ có dấu phẩy dấu (:) - Đơi mệnh đề đặt sau lời trực tiếp 54 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang Lời nói gián tiếp: lời tường thuạt lại ý người nói, đơi khơng cần phải dùng từ người nói Ex: He said he had bought a new motorbike for himself the day before I CÂU TRẦN THUẬT TRONG LỜI NểI GIN TIP Để biến đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần lu ý nhng thay đổi sau: a Dùng đọng từ giới thiệu Say tell: Said that; Said to smb that; told smb that (liên từ that lược bỏ) Note: told somebody thng c dựng hn said to somebody b Đổi đại tõ nh©n xng, đại từ tính từ sở hữu cho phù hợp với chủ ngữ tân ngữ mệnh đề • Đại từ nhân xưng Chủ ngữ Tân ngữ I -> he, she me -> him, her We -> they us -> them You -> I, we you -> me, us • Đại từ sở hữu Mine -> his, hers Ours -> theirs Yours -> mine, ours • Tính từ sở hữu My -> his, her our -> their your -> my, our ( Khi tường thuật lại lời nói đại từ tính từ sở hữu khong đổi) Ex: I said, “ I don’t like this party” -> I said ( that) I didn’t like that party c Đổi động từ Direct speech Indirect speech Present simple Past simple Present progressive Past progressive Present perfect Past perfect Present perfect progressive Present perfect progressive Past simple Past simple/ past perfect ( They said: “ We came by bus”) (They said they came/ had come by bus) Past progressive Past progressive/ Past perfect progressive ( He said, “ I was waiting for An”) ( He said he was waiting/ had been waiting for An) Past perfect Past perfect Future simple ( will) Future in the past ( would) Future progressive (will be Future progressive in the past ( would be playing) playing) Modals in the past ( could/ might/ Must; had to) Modal verbs ( Can/ May/ must) • Một số động từ khơng thay đổi động từ lời nói gián tiếp - Động từ mệnh đề đơn, tiếp diễn, hoàn thành tương lai đơn Eg: The farmer says, “ I hope it will rain tomorrow” => The farmer says that he hopes it will rain tomorrow She has said,” the questions are difficult” => She has said that the questions are difficult - Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả thật hiển nhiên, chân lí, thói quen hay việc cố định, chưa thay đổi 55 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang Eg: The teacher said: “ The moon moves around the earth” The teacher said (that) the moon moves around the earth The teacher said (that) the moon moved around the earth (Ta lùi động từ lại ) - Lời nói trực tiếp có động từ khuýet thiếu: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better Ex: Tom said, “ you should go to the dentist” => Tom said (that) I should go to the dentist - Lời nói trực tiếp câu điều kiện khơng có thật mệnh đề giả định theo sau là: wish, would rather, it’s time Ex: He said: “ If I were you I wouldn’t like that” => He said if he were me he wouldn’t like that “We wish we didn’t have to take exams”, said the children => The children said they wished they didn’t have to take exams - Thì QK đơn, QK tiếp diễn có thời gian xác định thuộc mệnh đè thời gian She said: “ An arrived on Monday” => She said An arrived on Monday He said : “ When I saw them, they were playing tennis” => He said when he saw them they were plaing tennis d Đổi số tính từ định, trạng từ cun\mj trạng từ nơi chốn, thời gian Trực tiếp Gián tiếp This/ These That/ those Here There Now Then/ at that time Today That day Yesterday The day before/ the previous day The day before yesterday Two days before Tomorrow The day after/ the next day/ the folloing day The day after tomorrow Two days after/ in two day’s time Ago Before This week That week Last week The week before/ the previous week Next week The week after/ the following week II CÂU HỎI TRONG LỜI NĨI GIÁN TIẾP Có loại câu hỏi: Yes/ No Wh1 Yes/ No questions Khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp cần ý: - Dùng động từ giới thiệu: ask, inquire ( hỏi thăm), wonder (tự hỏi/ muốn biết), want to know + Ask theo sau tân ngữ trực tiếp ( He asked me… ) + inquire, wonder, want to know khơng có tân ngữ theo sau - Dùng If whether sau động từ giới thiệu mệnh đề (If/ whether nghĩa có….khơng) - Đổi cấu trúc câu hỏi thành câu trần thuật - Đổi đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, động từ, trạng từ thời gian, nơi chốn (giống cách đổi câu trần thuật) Ex: + He said: “ Do you know him” => He asked me if/ whether I knew him + Will Tom be here tomorrow? She wonder 56 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang => She wondered if/ whether Tom would be there the day after S + asked ( + Object) + if/ whether + Subject + V(lùi thì) WH- Questions ( Who, What, Where,…….) Chuyển loại câu hỏi sang câu gián tiếp sau: - Dùng động từ giới thiệu: ask, inquire , wonder , want to know - Lặp lại từ để hỏi ( Who, What, Where,…….)sau động từ giới thiệu - Đổi trật tự câu hỏi thành câu trần thuật - Đổi đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, động từ, trạng từ thời gian, nơi chốn Ex: He said: “Where were you born?” => He asked me/ wanted to know where I was born * NOTE: + Khi tường thuật lại câu hỏi có cấu trúc Who/ What/ Where + be + bổ ngữ be đặt trước sau chủ ngữ Ex: Who is the best player? => she asked me who was the best player she asked me who the best player was + Động từ giới thiệu mệnh đề HTđơn, HT tiếp diễn, HT hoàn thành, tương lai đơn -> động từ câu gián tiếp khơng đổi Eg: “ Where can we stay?” -> They want to know where they can stay III CÂU MỆNH LỆNH , YÊU CẦU, ĐỀ NGHỊ LỜI KHUYÊN TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu - Dùng động từ giới thiệu ASK TELL (ở dạng QK) - Đặt tân ngữ người nhận lệnh or người yêu cầu sau động từ giới thiệu - Dùng dạng động từ nguyên mẫu To- infinitive động từ câu trực tiếp Câu phủ định đặt not trước To- infinitive - Đổi đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, bỏ từ please có S + asked/ told + O + (not) to- infinitive Eg: “Can you turn off the fan, please” the teacher said to Nga -> The teacher asked Nga to turn off the fan “Don’t talk in class” my teacher said to me -> My teacher told me not to talk in class * - Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu tường thuật lại mệnh đề Eg: “Can you turn off the fan, please” the teacher said to Nga -> The teacher asked Nga if she could turn off the fan Ngoài Ask Tell cịn dùng V: order, command, beg((van xin) Lời đề nghj, lời hứa, lời khuyên, lời mời - Được thuật lại động từ giới thiệu: offer, recommend, promise, advise, encourage (khuyến khích), invite, agree, remind( nhắc nhở), warn, urge(thúc giục),…… - V theo sau O + to infinitive gồm: advise, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, instruct, invite, order, persuade, recommend, remind, request, urge, warn S + asked/ expected + O + (not) to- infinitive Eg: Tim said, “ You should take a taxi, Mary” -> Tim advised Mary to take a taxi = Tim told Mary that she should take a taxi = Tim said that mary should take a taxi 57 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang - V theo sau to infinitive gồm: offer, agree, demand, guarantee, promise, propose, threaten, volunteer S + offered/ agreed + (not) to- infinitive Eg: They said: “ We will pay for the meal” -> They offered to pay for the meal = They said that they would pay for the meal - Danh động từ dùng sau: admit, advise, apologize for, insist on, recommend, suggest Eg: Shall we go to the cafeteria? -> Ba suggested going to the cafeteria + Mệnh đề That dùng sau: admit, advise, agree, insist, promise, remind, warn Eg: She promised ( that) she would finish her homework by the end of this week + Không dùng mệnh đề That sau động từ: intend, offer, plan, refuse, volunteer, want IV CÂU CẢM THÁN VÀ CÂU TRẢ LỜI YES/ NO TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP Câu cảm thán Được thuật lại động từ exclaim/ say that Eg: “What a lovely garden!” -> She exclaimed/ said that it was a lovely garden -> She exclaimed/ said that the garden was lovely * Trường hợp đặc biệt: He said: “Conngatulation!” -> He conglatulated me He said: “Good moring!” -> He greeted me He said: “Thank you!” -> He thanked me He said: “Happy Christmas!”-> He wishe me a happy Christmas Câu trả lời Yes/ No Được diễn đạt câu gián tiếp chủ ngữ trợ động từ tương ứng Eg: He said: “ Can yo swim? “ and I say “ No” -> He asked (me) if I could swim and I said I couldn’t V CÁC LOẠI CÂU HỖN HỢP TRONG LỜI NÓI GAINS TIẾP Câu trực tiếp gồm or nhiều laoị câu kết hợp với nhau: câu trần thuật + câu hỏi, câu hỏi + câu mệnh lệnh, ……… Khi đổi loại câu sang câu gián tiếp, ta đổi theo phần, dùng động từ giới thiệu thích hợp riêng cho phần Eg: “I have left my watch at home What time is it now?” he asked -> He said (that) he had left his watch at home and asked (me) what time it was WEEK FORM OF VERBS Động từ thường có hình thức: ngun mẫu, danh động từ phân từ I Hình thức nguyên mẫu hình thức động từ Dạng nguyên mẫu động từ gồm : nguyên mẫu có to( to- infinitive) ngunmẫu khơng có to( infinitive without to/ bare- infinitive)) I/ TO V( to infinitive ) : a) Chức năng: - Làm chủ ngữ câu + To go fisfing is very interesting + To speak English with foreigners made him happy ( CÊu tróc víi chđ ngữ giả thờng đợc ding lối văn th©n mËt.) + It is very interesting to go fishing + It made him happy to speak English with foreigners - Làm bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ (To-infinitive đợc dùng sau be nh bổ ngữ cho S) What I like is to swim in the sea then to lie on the warm sand - Làm tânngữ cho động từ sau: Afford choose forget mean purpose 58 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang agree arrange ask attempt bear beg begin claim hate need refuse come help offer start continue hope omit seem decide intend plan try determine like prefer want demand love prepare wish expect manage promise threaten - Làm tân ngữ cho tính từ ( đứng sau sè tÝnh tõ diƠn t¶ ph¶n øng or cảm xúc ngời niều tính từ phổ biÕn kh¸c afraid determined mean purpose (un)able difficult hate need refuse anxious easy help offer start careful free hope omit seem certain fortunate intend plan try content frighten like prefer want dangerous good love prepare wish delighted glad manage promise threaten đợc sử dụng trờng hợp sau: + Sau động từ : want, intend, decide, expect, hope, offer, wish, mean, promise, refuse, learn, like, agree, fail, attempt ( cố gắng ), arrange, neglect ( lơ ), plan, manage, need, seem, threaten ( đe doạ ) + Sau Adj : S + be + adj + to sth glad, happy, ready, kind, difficult, easy, willing ( quan t©m, tù ngun ), interesting, eager, luckey, pleased, disappointed ( thÊt väng ) Eg: I'm glad to hear that you passed the exam + Trong cÊu tróc : S + V + O + TIME + to V It took me days to read the book + Trong cÊu tróc : S + V1 + ( not ) to V2 He advised me ( not) to go there Khi V1 lµ : ask, get , tell, want, advise, request, order, persude, invite, force, help, encourage, allow, permit, remind( nh¾c nhë ), warn + Trong cÊu tróc : TOO Adj / Adv + ( for sb ) + to sth OR Adj/ Adv + ENOUGH + ( for sb ) + to sth He's old enough to drive a car + Sau V: make, see, hear, watch, notice bị động I was made to laugh a lot + Biểu đạt mục đích thay cho : in order to / so as to I went to / in order to see him + Trong cÊu tróc : S + be + the first/ second to sth He was the first person to leave the party = He was the first person who left the party 2/ V ( bare infinitive ): đợc sử dụng trờng hợp sau: + Sau Modals : can, may, must, need, will, shall, should,would rather, had better, had best, ought to, used to, have to, dare You had better stay at home She'd better not stay up late + Trong cấu trúc V động tõ tri gi¸c : see, hear, notice, watch sb sth 59 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang I saw the goalkeeper catch the ball beautifully + Trong cÊu tróc V lµ : make , let, have sb sth: ( Have sb sth : Nhờ làm ) Let him go out The actor made them laugh a lot ( Bắt làm ) + Trong cấu tróc : '' suggest/ demand/ insist that sb / should sth'' I suggest that he learn/ should learn harder + Dïng sau : but, except ( trõ, ngo¹i trõ ) We can nothing but wait She does nothing but complain ( Cô ta chẳng làm việc kêu ca) 3/ V- ING : đợc sử dụng trờng hợp sau: + Sau số V: prefer, mind, enjoy, admit ( tho¶ m·n ), deny, like, dislike, hate, finish, start, keep, stop, practice I like learning English + Sau phrasal verbs: be/ get used to, look forward to, have a good time, have a hard time, be busy, it's no good/ use/ there's no point in ( vô ích làm ), It's ( not ) worth ( thật '' không '' đáng ) She is busy learning This book is worth watching There's no point in teaching you + Trong cÊu tróc với V tri giác , biểu hành động diÔn We could see the woman coming down + Theo sau mét sè V + preposition: about , of, with, without She left without saying any word + B¾t đầu ngữ phân từ mang nghĩa chủ động Seeing him running, I went to see what was wrong Being + Adj : Being tall is an advantage in life Not being tall is a disadvantage in life + Go + V-ing : go fishing, go camping, go jogging / hiking/ cycling/ shopping + Can't help + V- ing : ( Không thể nhịn đợc ) When he tells a joke, I can't help laughing + Can't stand/ bear + V- ing : ( chịu đợc ) I can't bear living with him I can't stand listening to you + To sit/ stand/ lie/ walk somewhere + V- ing He sat in an armchair reading a book + To catch/ find/ discover + sb + V- ing I caught the boy stealing apples in the garden + need + V- ing ( nghĩa bị động ) My motorbike needs reparing II/ Exercises: 1) Supply the correct verb forms: 1.Tourists could see fish ( swim) along the brook ( lạch, dòng suối nhỏ ) 2.The form teacher has asked Jack ( write ) an assay on the Thames It sometimes may be difficult ( get ) a taxi during rush hour 4.The rain has made the children ( stop ) .their game She tells the driver ( take ) her to the railway station Does Mrs Green have them ( carry ) these books back home ? The principal noticed those students ( try ) harder and harder Children have just stopped ( play ) football They keep ( talk ) about an old friend they met yesterday 10 We heard Mr Brown ( park ) his car near the gate 11 They had their house ( paint ) before Tet holiday 12 I advised him ( wait ) for me at the airport 60 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang 13 Would you mind ( help ) me with this work ? 14 Do you smell something ( burn ) in the kitchen ? 15 Mother requests her daughter not ( come ) back home late 16 Each of us is ready ( ) the work 17 My mother is good at ( cook ) 18 They are old enough ( go ) out themselves 19 His house needs ( repaint ) 20 They had better ( keep ) .secret 2) Multiple choice This film is than the one we saw last week A.as good B.gooder C.more good D.better My brother won’t come here 10 p.m A.until B.to C.than D.in I couldn’t find your number in the telephone A.departmentB.director C.directory D.inquiry They live in a of Oxford, and come into town by bus A.suburb B.area C.center D.countryside How long will it you to get there? A.go B.need C.have D.take Mr Brown invented the machine A.hisself B.itself C.himself D.Both B and C are correct Before he went to bed, Mr Thomson the lights A.closed B.turned on C.closed up D.switched off It was a difficult question that we couldn’t answer it A.so B.such C.very D.too I was born in Scotland but I in Northern Ireland A.grew up B.raised C.brought up D.rose 10 No one has ever asked me that question before In passive voice this sentence should read A That question has never been asked me before B That question has never been asked me before by anyone C I have not ever been asked that question before D I have never been asked that question before 11 is the amount you must pay to ride a bus A.Money B.Fee C.Fare D.Tax 12 Do you turning the television now? A.want B.object C.mind D.disapprove 13 Trung swim very well and does his brother A.also B.so C.even D.neither 14 There is enough about aspects of American life here A.information B.annoucement C.declaration D.qualification 15 Don’t ever that again, A.don’t you B.do you C.will you D.won’t you 16 The house in green was built three years ago A.painting B.paint C.painted D.was painted 17 After arriving home, they usually their uniforms A.take out B.put out C.take off D.put off 18 Bill Gate, is the president of Microsoft Company, is a billionare A.who B.whom C.that D.whose 19 My favourite at school was history A.topic B.class C.theme D.subject 61 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang 20 Helen’s parents were very pleased when they read her school A.report B.papers C.diploma D.account 3/Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets What you (do)…………… last weekend? -I (go)………………to the theater with my family John and I (be)………………… pen pals for nearly three years We used (write)……………………to each other every month when we ( be)………………at secondary school Minh (know)………………….a little English , so she (wish)…………… she (can) …………… speak it fluently Maryam (stay)……………… with us at the moment She (be)………………….my sister’s friend 4/ Fill in each blank with one suitable word to finish the following passage Cherating is one of Malaysia’s (1)…………………famous beach resorts Very few places (2) ………………match Cherating’s beauty and serenity A few (3)………………….my friends and I decided to visit Cherating during our school vacation We knew that we (4)………………….most certainly going to have a good time It (5) ……………… us about one hour to cycle (6)……………… our town to Cherating When we reached the place, we (7)………………….many fishing villages and beautiful beaches stretching for several kilometers Cherating is sunny (8)…………….the year and many people come to Cherating either to swim (9)…………… to drive While at Cherating , we also enjoyed the excellent local food Cherating is indeed (10)…………………of Malaysia’s best tourist atractions * Answers: 1/ 1.swimming carry 11 painted 16 to to write to try 12 to wait 17 cooking to get playing 13 helping 18 to go stop talking 14 burning 19.repainting to take 10 park 15 to come 20 keep 2/ Multiple choice D C 11 C 16 C A D 12 C 17 D B B 13 B 18 A A A 14 A 19 D D 10 D 15 C 20 A 3/ did you have been to write – were knows – wishes – could is staying- is 4/ most of took saw or can were from throughout 10 one III/ HOMEWORK: - Learn by heart the grammar - Prepare '' - ING FORM and INFINITIVE'' for the next period 62 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang WEEK Date of preparing: 7/ 9/ 2011 Date of teaching : 20/ 9/ 2011 - ing form or infinitive A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to know more about – ing form or infinitive and exercises B/ Procedures : I / GRAMMAR 1/ Động từ nguyên thể đứng sau động từ to be Eg : His ambition is to become a director ( Tham vọng ông trở thành giám đốc) 2/ Những động từ theo sau động từ nguyên thể- agree đồng ý - regret tiếc phải làm - arrange xếp - try cố gắng - attempt cố gắng - decide định - fail thất bại - offer đề nghị - neglect lơ - want - threaten đe dọa - seem có vẻ, dờng nh - plan lËp kÕ ho¹ch - promise høa - manage xoay së - expect mong chê - refuse tõ chối - hope hy vọng - remember nhớ phải làm - need cần Eg : - She agreed to marry that old man - I'll arrange to meet her - They decided to move to Ha Noi - Tom failed to catch the train - I hope to see you again -They offer to the shopping for us - I managed to get out of the car - She promised to wait for him - The kidnappers threatened to kill the child if his parents informed the police ( Bọn bắt cóc dọa giết đứa bé bố mẹ cậu báo cảnh sát) 3/ Những động từ theo sau tân ngữ động từ nguyên thể - advise sb to sth khuyªn - encourage khuyÕn khÝch 63 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang - allow cho phÐp - permit cho phÐp - remind nh¾c - warn sb not to sth cảnh báo đừng làm - tell sb to / not to sth bảo làm / không làm - order lƯnh - persuade thut phơc - invite mêi - want - force bắt buộc - ask yêu cầu - help Eg : - The doctor advised me to morning exercise - I remind Minh to bring the umbrella - They allow their children to watch TV in the evening - My family encouraged me to apply for the job 4/ Những động từ theo sau tân ngữ động từ nguyên thể không "to" - make sb sth ( Bắt làm ) - let sb sth - hear sb sth - watch sb sth - see sb sth - have sb sth = get sb to sth (nhê làm gì) Eg : - Our father made us work hard - Don't let him go out too much - I had my neighbour repair my bike = I got my neighbour to repair my bike - Someone saw him steal the car Nh÷ng cơm tõ theo sau động từ nguyên thể - to be about to sth ( sửa làm gì) - to be able to sth ( có khả làm gì) - / try one's best to sth ( cố gắng làm gì) Eg : - I was about to leave when it started to rain - Try your best ! - She hasn't been able to find a job yet ( C« ta vÉn cha thĨ tìm đợc công việc) Động từ nguyên thể dùng sau but , except (trõ, ngo¹i trõ) Eg : - We can nothing but wait - She does nothing but complain ( Cô ta chẳng làm việc kªu ca.) S + V + noun + to sth Eg : - He didn't have a chance to explain - We have a lot of work to 2/Verb -ing dùng làm tân ngữ Bảng dới động từ đòi hỏi tân ngữ theo sau phải Verb - ing admit appreciate avoid can't help consider delay deny enjoy finish mind miss postpone practice quit recall repeat resent resist resume risk suggest Ex: John admitted stealing the jewels 64 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang Lu ý bảng có mẫu ®éng tõ can't help doing/ but sth: kh«ng thĨ đừng đợc phải làm Ex: With such good oranges, we can't help buying (but buy) two kilos at a time Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định cho động từ dùng làm tân ngữ phải đặt not trớc nguyên thể V - ing Bảng dới động từ mà tân ngữ sau động từ nguyên thể Ving mà ngữ nghĩa không thay đổi begin can't stand continue dread hate like love prefer start try Lu ý bảng có động từ can't stand to do/doing sth: chịu đựng đợc phải làm Ex: He can't stand to wait/ waiting such a long time Mét sè ®éng từ đặc biệt Đó động từ mà ngữ nghĩa chúng đổi khác hoàn toàn tân ngữ sau động từ nguyên thể hc V - ing : try, stop, remember, forget, regret, allow, go on 1) TRY ( thư, cè g¾ng ) 1.1 TRY + GERUND ( try doing sth) : thử làm điều ( có tính chất thử nghiệm ) Eg: She tries making a cake ( C« Êy thử làm bánh ) 1.2 TRY + INFINITIVE ( try to sth ) : Cố gắng làm điều ( để đạt kết ) Eg: He tries to speak English You should try to work hard 2) STOP ( Ngõng ) 2.1 Stop to sth: Ngng, dừng làm việc để làm việc kh¸c The worker stops to smoke a cigarrete 2.2 Stop doing sth: dừng việc làm His brother stopped smoking ( Anh cđa anh Êy ®· bá thc ) They stopped playing football when it rained.( Hä ngõng ch¬i bãng trêi ma) 3) REMEMBER ( Nhí ) 3.1 Remember to sth: Nhớ sẽ/ phải làm ( Nh mét bỉn phËn hay nhiƯm vơ ) Eg:: I remember to send a letter at the post office tomorow morning I didn't to lock the door ( T«i kh«ng nhớ phải khoá cửa ) 3.2 Remember doing sth: Nhớ đà làm gì/ Nhớ điều đà làm ( Bây nhớ lại ) Eg:: I remember locking the door before leaving, but now I can't find the key I remember his telling me about it ( T«i nhớ đà kể cho chuyện ) Đặc biệt thờng đợc dùng với mẫu câu: S + still remember + V-ing : Vẫn nhớ đà Ex: I still remember buying the first motorbike 4) FORGET ( Quªn ) 4.1 Forget to sth: quên làm điều Eg: I forgot to pick up my child after school She forgot to write to me ( Cô ta quên viết th cho = C« ta cha viÕt ) = She didn't remember to write to me He forgot to his homework ( Nó quên không làm tập = Nó cha làm ) 4.2 Forget doing sth: Quên (rằng) đà làm viƯc g× råi ) He forgets sending me a gift ( Anh quên đà gửi cho quà = Anh đà gửi nhng quên việc ) 65 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Th Tho- Trng THCS Tõn Quang Đặc biệt thờng đợc dùng với mẫu câu S + will never forget + V-ing: không quên đợc ®· Eg: She will never forget meeting the Queen.( Cô không quên chuyện đà gặp Nữ hoàng ) 5) REGRET ( Hối tiếc ) 5.1 Regret to sth: Lấy làm tiếc phải làm (Đợc dùng để thông báo tin xấu/ nói với điều không may) Eg: I regret to tell/ inform/ you that say that We regret to inform the passengers that the flight for Washington DC was canceled because of the bad weather We regret to inform you that your application isn't suitable we can't accept your proposal ( đề nghị ) 5.2 Regret doing sth/ Not doing sth: Hối tiếc ( đà ) làm/ Không làm ®iỊu g× ) Eg: He regrets leaving school early It's a big mistake I regret not following my father's advice She regretted not working hard before ( C« Êy thÊy tiếc trớc không học hành chăm chỉ) 6) ALLOW ( Cho phÐp ) 6.1.Allow sb to sth: ( Cho phép làm ) They allow their children to watch TVin the evening 6.2 Allow doing sth: Cho phép làm They don't allow smoking here ( Họ không cho phép hút thuốc đây) 7) GO ON ( TiÕp tôc ) 7.1.Go on to sth: After his course, he goes on to work in a bank.( Sau khãa häc, anh Êy lµm viƯc ë mét ngân hàng ) 7.2.Go on doing sth: Tiếp tục làm ®iỊu g× The workers go on working despite the bad weather Các giới từ đứng sau động từ Tất giới từ đứng sau động từ phải dạng V-ing Một số động từ thờng kèm với giới từ to Không đợc nhầm lẫn giới từ với to động từ nguyên thể Verb + prepositions + V-ing approve of be better of count on depend on give up insist on keep on put off rely on succeed in think about think of worry about object to look forward to confess to Eg: Fred confessed to stealing the jewels Adjective + prepositions + V-ing accustomed to afraid of capable of intent on interested in successful in Eg: Mitch is afraid of getting married now fond of tired of Noun + prepositions + V-ing choice of excuse for intention of possibility of reason for Eg: There is no reason for leaving this early method for (method of) 66 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang Không phải tính từ đòi hỏi sau giới từ + V-ing Những tính từ bảng sau lại đòi hỏi sau động từ nguyên thể anxious boring dangerous hard eager easy good strange pleased prepared ready able usual common difficult Eg: It is dangerous to drive in this weather able/ unable to sth = capable/ incapable of doing sth 5.Các đại từ đứng trớc động từ nguyên thể V-ing dùng làm tân ngữ Đứng trớc động từ nguyên thể làm tân ngữ dạng đại từ danh từ tân ngữ allow ask beg convince expect instruct invite order permit persuade prepare promise remind urge want S + V + complement form (pronoun/ noun) + [to + verb] Eg: Joe asked Mary to call him when she woke up Eg: We ordered him to appear in court Tuy nhiên đứng trớc V- ing làm tân ngữ dạng đại từ danh từ sở hữu Subject + verb + possessive form (pronoun/ noun) + verb-ing Eg: We understand your not being able to stay longer Eg: We object to their calling at this hour II/ EXERCISES 1/ Put the verbs between brackets in their correct Infinitive or Gerund form : 1.The children are busy ( collect ) shells on the beach 2.She had to ask the boys ( stop) ( make ) noise 3.Our teacher has promised ( help ) us ( prepare ) for the exam 4.I’d love ( have ) an opportunity of (meet ) you again 5.There is no ( deny )that he enjoys ( listen ) to his own voice 6.Is ( boil ) or ( fry ) the best way of ( cook ) this fish 7.It’s no use your ( ask )him ( lend ) you any money 8.She stopped ( talk ) as if waiting for him ( speak ) 9.He advised me ( consider ) all the facts before ( decide ) ( accept ) the job 10.My uncle used to ( show ) me where ( go ) and what ( buy ) 11.There is nothing like ( walk ) as a means of ( keep ) 12.I couldn’t resist ( ask ) him why he was trying ( avoid )(meet ) me 13/ The department store agreed (take) back the damaged radio 14/ Would the doctor mind (spend) some time talking to me after the examination ? 15/ Dan failed (pass) the examination and was quite upset 16/ She expects (deliver) her baby at the new hospital 17/ We dislike (eat) dinner at 9.00 18/ My niece hopes (travel) with me to Disneyland next April 19/ I finally finished (cook) at 7.00 and served dinner 20/ Would you mind (not turn) on the radio until I finish with this phone call ? 21/ Marge's children are used to ( pick up) after school every day They don't have to walk home 22/ - Do you remember (post) the letter ? 67 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo- Trường THCS Tân Quang - Yes, I I posted it in the letter box near my gate 23/ Did you remember (lock) the door ? - No, I didn't I'd better (go) back and it now 24/ I distinctly remember (pay) him I gave him dollards 25/ Mr Whithe was accused of (leak) information to the press 26/ He wastes time (philander) with the girls in the village 27/ Suddenly (feel) hungry, he (stop) (buy) a bar of chocolate 28/ He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother 29/ He was about (leave) when she came 30/ Mrs John : I don't allow (smoke) in my room Mrs Smiths : I don't allow my family (smoke) at all II- Use these jumbled sets of suggested words to write a letter : Dear Mom and Dad, 1- I / arrive / Hanoi / o’clock yesterday morning 2- I / staying / nice hotel 3- It / not far / city center 4- I / already see / Uncle Ho’s Mausoleum / some places of interest here 5- Tomorrow / going on the trip / Ha Long Bay 6- I / never been there before 7- I / excited / trip / not sleep 8- I / be home / Sunday, Nov 10th 9- I / tell you / more / trip / when / be in Hue 10-I hope / you well Yours, Lan Chi * ANSWERS 1/ 1.collecting asking – to lend to stop - making talking – to speak to help - to prepare to consider – deciding – to accept to have - meeting 10 show – to go – to buy to deny – listening 11 to walk – keeping boiling – fring - cooking 12 asking – to advoid - meeting 13.to take 22 to post 14 spending 23 locking – go 15 to pass 24 paying 16 delivering 25 leaking 17 eating 26 philandering 18 to travel 27 feeling - stops – to buy 19 cooking 28 to make – believe 20 not turning 29 to leave 68 ... tơi đến trường học để học, tức với chức trường học, không cần dùng THE trước danh từ SCHOOL : I MUST GO TO SCHOOL NOW !(Bây phải học rồi!) 30 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Thị Thảo-... Kiến thức tham khảo (học sinh tự học nhà) Đối chiếu câu bị động Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt Câu bị động đề tài nhiều nhà ngôn ngữ học nghiên cứu quan tâm viết trình bày số khía cạnh xoay quanh dạng câu... + Positive Verb Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG Tiếng Anh 8- Trần Th Tho- Trng THCS Tõn Quang So sánh ngời vật Khi so sánh ngời vật, đợc dùng so sánh kém, không đợc dùng so sánh bậc nhất, số dạng văn