TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP HỌC KÌ II MÔN TIẾNG ANH 11 (năm học 2013-2014)

TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP HỌC KÌ IIMÔN TIẾNG ANH 11 (năm học 2013-2014)

TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP HỌC KÌ II

MÔN TIẾNG ANH 11 (năm học 2013-2014)

A/ Accent mark: Dấu nhấn/ Trọng âm:

1 Đối với những từ gồm có 2 hoặc 3 vần, trọng âm thường rơi vào vần đầu.(nêu là danh từ hay tính từ) nều

là động từ thì nhấ vào vần thứ 2

Ex: péasant, spécial, média, phótograph, (v) present, enjóy, represént

2 Đối với những từ gồm có 4 vần (hoặc nhiều hơn), trọng âm thường rơi vào vần thứ 3 kể từ cuối.

Ex: géography, univérsity, commúnicate, technólogy,

3 Đối với những từ tận cùng có các vần như: -ion, -ic, -ian, trọng âm thường rơi vào vần phía trước.

Ex: proféssion, demonstrátion, scientífic, photográphic, musícian, electrícian,

4 Đối với những từ tận cùng có các vần như: -oo, -oon, -ee, -een, -eer, -ese, -ette, trọng âm thường rơi vào

ngay các vần này.

Ex: bambóo, shampóo, cartóon, afternóon, referée, employée, cantéen, thirtéen, enginéer,

Vietnamése, Chinése, cigarétte,

5 Đối với những từ có các tiền tố (tiếp đầu ngữ) như: in-, im-, ir-, re-, pre-, dis-, de-, be-, ex-, en-,

trọng âm thường rơi vào vần phía sau.

Ex: insíde, impóssible, irrégular, repéat, prevíew, discúss, deféat, begín, excíted, enjóy, represént, …

B/ Sound: Phát âm

1 Chú ý các phụ âm từ Unit 9- 16

2 Động từ tận cùng bằng -ED có 3 cách phát âm là: /id/, /t/, /d/

a Đối với những động từ tận cùng là: -t, -d, khi thêm -ED sẽ phát âm là /id/

Ex: wanted, collected, decided, needed,

b Đối với những động từ tận cùng là: -c, -f, -k, -p, -s, -x, -sh, -ch, khi thêm -ED sẽ phát âm là /t/

Ex: practiced, stuffed, looked, stopped, missed, fixed, washed, watched,

c Đối với những động từ tận cùng là các phụ âm còn lại hoặc nguyên âm, khi thêm -ED sẽ phát âm là /d/

Ex: enjoyed, stayed, managed, cleaned, arrived, called,

/s/: p, k, f, t, ex: cats

* Phân biệt: s, es /iz/: ss, x z, ch, sh, ge, se, ce ex: horses

/z/: ngoài 2 trường hợp trên ex: dogs

1 A chairs B hats C grapes D roofs

2 A crops B farmers C vehicles D fields

B RELATIVE CLAUSES

Mệnh đề quan hệ còn được gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ (adjective clause) vì nó được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh

từ đứng trước nó Mệnh đề này được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ Who, Whom, Which, Whose, That hoặc các phó từ quan hệ như When, Where, Why

1 Cách dùng:

* Who: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ cho động từ sau nó (sau who phải là một động từ)

VD: The women who lives next door is very friendly

* Whom: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó Có khi người ta dùng Who thay cho Whom (sau whom phải là một đại từ khác, không phải là một động từ )

VD: The man whom you saw yesterday is my uncle (you là một đại từ)

* Which: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ con vật, đồ vật làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó (chỉ cần thấy trước which là môt danh từ chỉ vật)

VD: The book which has some wonderful pictures is about Africa

The dog which you gave me is lovely

* That: Đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người, vật, đồ vật dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which, trong mệnh đề quan hệ

thuộc loại Restrictive clauses (mệnh đề hạn định)

VD: The book that you lent me is interesting

This is the man that I met in Paris last month

 Lưu ý: - That thường được dùng sau danh từ có tính từ so sánh bậc nhất (the best, the most…; everybody,

anybody, nobody, somebody, everything, something…)

VD: He’s the best teacher that I have ever know

- That được dùng khi danh từ trước nó chỉ cả người, vật.

VD: I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park

- That không bao giờ được dùng trong mệnh đề không hạn định, và không đứng sau giới từ, that dùng trong

mệnh đề quan hệ nhằm xác định nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước và không tách rời mệnh đề chính bằng các 2

dấu phẩy Nếu Who, Whom, Which, That làm tân ngữ thì ta có thể bỏ đi.

VD: She’s the person who(m) I met at the party

She ’s the person I met at the party

Have you ever seen the dress that I’ve just bought?

Have you ever seen the dress I’ve just bought?

* Whose: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ người và thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ Khi dùng cho

vật thì = of which

VD: I’ve got a friend whose brother is an actor

John found a cat whose leg was broken

* When: Phó từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ thời gian dùng để thay thế cho (at/on/in) which, then.

VD: I’ll never forget the day when (on which) I met her.

That was the time when (at which) he managed the company.

* Where: Phó từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ nơi chốn dùng để thay cho at/on/in) which, there.

VD: I went to the office where (in which) my father works.

Dalat is the place where (to which) I like to come.

* Why: Phó từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ lí do dùng để thay cho “the reason”

VD: I don’t understand the reason why he was late

*Why: là phó từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ lý do

VD: this is the reasons why they didn’t come

2 Phân biệt: Có 2 loại mệnh đề quan hệ

a Restrictive Clauses (mệnh đề hạn định): Không có mệnh đề này, câu không đủ nghĩa vì đứng trước chưa xác định.VD: I don’t know the man who is talking to Mary

The picture which Tom is looking at is beautiful

b Non-Restrictive Clauses (mệnh đề không hạn định): không có mệnh đề này, câu vẫn đủ nghĩa khi từ đứng trước đã xác định Trước danh từ thường có this, that, these, my, your…, hoặc tên riêng Nó ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng các dấu phẩy

Vd: His father, who is working in a shoe factory, will retire next year

I had a personal talk with Jane, who wanted to take that job

3 Dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ (Reduced form of relative clauses)

+ Rút gọn bằng cách dùng Participle phrase (cụm phân từ) Có 2 loại participle phrase:

- Present participle phrase (phân từ hiện tại): bắt đầu bằng V-ing

- Past participle phrase (phân từ quá khứ): bắt đầu bằng p.p (V-ed/V3)

Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active), ta dùng Present participle phrase

VD: Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday?

Do you know the boy broking the window yesterday?

Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive) ta dùng Past participle phrase

VD: The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy

The students punished by the teacher are lazy

Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể rút gọn bằng cách dùng To – inf hoặc Infinitive phrase

VD: English is an important language which we have to master

English is an important language to master

C Can, could and be able to

A Chúng ta dùng can để nói một sự việc có thể xảy ra hay ai đó có khả năng làm được việc gì Chúng

ta dùng can+infinitive (can do/can see… )

We can see the lake from our bedroom window

Chúng ta có thể nhìn thấy cái hồ từ cửa sổ phòng ngủ

Can you speak any foreign languages?

Bạn có nói được một ngoại ngữ nào không?

I can come and see you tomorrow if you like

Tôi có thể đến thăm bạn vào ngày mai nếu bạn muốn

Dạng phủ định của can là can’t (=cannot)

I’m afraid I can’t come to the party on Friday

Tôi e rằng tôi không thể đi dự tiệc vào ngày thứ sáu

B (Be) able to… có thể thay thế được cho can (nhưng can vẫn được dùng nhiều hơn)

Are you able to speak any foreign languages?

Bạn có thể nói được một ngoại ngữ nào không?

Nhưng can chỉ có hai dạng can (present) và could (past) nên khi cần thiết chúng ta phải dùng (Be) able to… Hãy so sánh:

I can’t sleep

Tôi không ngủ được

Nhưng

I haven’t been able to sleep recently (can không có present perfect)

Gần đây tôi không ngủ được

Tom can come tomorrow

Ngày mai Tom có thể đến

Nhưng

Tom might be able to come tomorrow (can không có infinitive)

Ngày mai Tom có khả năng sẽ đến

C Could và was able to…

Đôi khi could là dạng quá khứ của can Chúng ta dùng could đặc biệt với:

see hear smell taste feel remember understand

When we went into the house, we could smell burning

Khi chúng tôi đi vào căn nhà, chúng tôi có thể ngửi được mùi cháy

She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said

Cô ấy đã nói giọng rất trầm, nhưng tôi có thể hiểu cô ấy nói gì

Chúng ta dùng could để diễn tả ai đó là có khả năng nói chung hay được phép để làm điều gì đó.

My grandfather could speak five languages

Ông tôi có thể nói được năm ngoại ngữ

We were completely free We could do what we wanted (= we were allowed to do…)

Chúng ta đã hoàn toàn tự do Chúng ta có thể làm những gì mà chúng ta muốn (= chúng ta đã được phép làm…)

D Chúng ta dùng could để chỉ khả năng nói chung (general ability) Nhưng để đề cập tới một sự việc xảy ra trong một tình huống đặc biệt (particular situation), chúng ta dùng was/were able to… (không dùng could)

The fire spread through the building quickly but everybody was able to escape or … everybody managed to escape (but not ‘could escape’)

Ngọn lửa lan nhanh trong tòa nhà nhưng mọi người đã có thể chạy thoát được

They didn’t want to come with us at first but we managed to persuade them or … we were able to persuade them (but not ‘could persuade’)

Lúc đầu họ không muốn đến nhưng sau đó chúng tôi đã thuyết phục được họ

E Hãy so sánh:

Jack was an excellent tennis player He could beat anybody (= He had the general ability to beat anybody) Jack là một vận động viên quần vợt cừ khôi Anh ấy có thể đánh bại bất cứ ai (=anh ấy có một khả năng nói chung là đánh bại bất cứ ai)

Nhưng

Jack and Alf had a game of tennis yesterday Alf played very well but in the end Jack managed to beat him or… was able to beat him (= he managed to beat him in this particular game)

Jack và Alf đã thi đấu quần vợt với nhau ngày hôm qua Alf đã chơi rất hay nhưng cuối cùng Jack đã có thể

hạ được Alf (= Jack đã thắng được anh ấy trong trận đấu đặc biệt này)

Dạng phủ định couldn’t (could not) có thể được dùng cho tất cả các trường hợp:

My grandfather couldn’t swim

Ông tôi không biết bơi

We tried hard but we couldn’t persuade them to come with us

Chúng tôi đã cố gắng rất nhiều nhưng không thể nào thuyết phục họ đến với chúng tôi được

Alf played well but he couldn’t beat Jack

Alf đã chơi rất hay nhưng không thể thắng được Jack

D CONJUNCTIONS:

both ….and, not only ….but also, either ….or, neither ….nor

Both ….and : đông từ ở hình thức số nhiều

Not only ………… but also: đông từ hợp theo chủ ngữ sau but also

either ….or và neither ……… nor : đông từ hợp theo chủ ngữ sau OR / NOR

Neither + NOUN + nor + NOUN + VERB : động từ luôn ở hình thức khẳng định

Ex: Jim is on holiday and so is Carol Both ……… They were tired and they were hungry (not only… but also)

………

Jim hasn’t got a car Tan hasn’t got a car, either

Neither ………

We can leave today or we can leave tomorrow (either… or)

………

EXERCISES

I Combine The Sentences, Using Both…… And, Either……Or, Nether… Nor, Not Only…But Also 1.Ron enjoys horseback riding Bob enjoys horseback riding (not only……but also)

 ………

2 I like tennis My husband likes tennis, too ( both……… and)

3 You can choose the red shirt or the blue one (either…or)

………

4.They don’t like Paris They don’t like London either.(neither…nor)

………

5.The show is enjoyable It is also educational (both and)

………

REPORTED SPEECH IN PASSIVE VOICE ( câu tường thuật ở dang bị động)

Say (said), think (thought), believe (believed), want(wanted) report (reported) , expect (expected)………

S + V (tường thuật) that + S + V + O

Cách 1 : It +BE + V3/ Ved that + S + V + O

S + V (tường thuật) that + S + V + O

Cách 2: S +BE (chia theo thì câu đề) + V3/Ved + TO infinitive … ( nếu động từ sau that ở hiện tại) + TO HAVE +V3Ved ( nếu động từ sau that ở quá khứ)

It is said that she is a good student

VD: People say that she is a good student

She is said to be a good student

(nguoi ta cho rang co ay la mot hoc sinh tot)

It was believed that he stole the car

They believed that he stole the car

(nguoi ta tin rang anh ay da danh cap chiec xe) He is believed to have stolen the car

CLEFT SENTENCES ( Câu chẻ - câu nhấn mạnh )

A Cleft sentences in the active :

1 Subject focus : We use cleft sentence to emphasize the subject of the action

It+is/was + NOUN (Subject) + Who/ that + V

Ex1 : My bought a new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday

It was my brother who brother bought his new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.

Ex2 : The man gave her the book => It was the man who gave her the book

2 Object focus : We use cleft sentences to emphasize the object of the action

ACTIVE: It is/ was + NOUN (Object) + that + S +V

Passve : It is/was + Noun + that + S +be+V3/Ved (by+O)

Ex1 : My brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday

It was a new car that my brother bought from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.

Ex2 : The boy hit the dog in the garden => It was the dog that the boy hit in the garden

3 Adverbial focus : We use cleft sentences to emphasize the adverb ( time / place / …… )

It is/ was + Adv + That + S +V +O

Ex1 : - My brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday

It was last Saturday when my brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour

Ex2 : - She bought him a present at the shop => It was at the shop that she bought him a present

B Cleft sentences in the passive : Cleft sentences can also be used in the passive voice

Ex1 : The boy hit the dog in the garden => It was the dog that was hit in the garden

Ex2 : A I heard that a dog bit you yesterday

B No It was the postman that was bitten by the dog.

EXERCISES

TEST 1

A PHONETICS

I Circle the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words.

II Choose the word that has stress pattern different from that of the other words.

B VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

* Circle the best answer for each sentence.

7) The hotel staff is friendly and

8) We are proud our staff, who are always friendly and efficient

9) EMS stand for

10) If someone want to send a document and does not want to lose its , facsimile service will help you

11) People can buy daily in many local post office in early morning

12) All post offices in Viet Nam are equipped with advanced

13) Fax transmission has now become a cheap and way to transmit texts and graphics over distance

14) If you to your favourite newspapers and magazines, they will be delivered to your house early in the morning

15) Post offices offer a special mail service which is called

16) Your EMS mail will be in the shortest possible time

17) The message introduces the provided by the National Post Office

18) I cannot tell you all I heard

19) I can answer the question you say is very difficult

20) This is Mr Jones, invention has helped hundreds of deaf people

21) Tom, sits next to me, is from Canada

22) The volunteers, enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly

23) Many scientists have claimed that like music are often good at mathematics

24) My friend, I visited lask week, is taking a holiday soon

25) The doctor re examining a patient was taken to hospital last night

26) A pacifist is a person believes that all wars are wrong

27) My friend, hated horror film, refused to go to the cinema with me

C READING

* Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

Between the Revolutionary period and the World War I, the United States post office was set out to improve transportation of the post office mails From those early days to the present, the post office has helped develop and subsidize every new mode transportation in the United States Transportation has been the most important element in mail delivery Even when the general public had still suspected of the security

of a new means of transportation, the post office experimented with inventions that offered potential for moving the mail faster, occasionally suffering embarrassment, ridicule, or even abuse in the process

As mail delivery evolved from foot to horseback, stagecoach, steamboat, railroad, automobile, and airplane, with intermediate and overlapping use of balloons, and helicopters, post office mail contracts ensured the income necessary to build the great highways, rail lines, and airways that eventually spanned the continent

By the turn of the 19th century, the U.S Post Office had purchased a number of stagecoaches for operation on the nation’s better post roads – a post road being any road on which the mail travels – and continued to encourage new designs to improve passenger comfort and carry mail safely

28) The passage is about

A transportation of the Post Office in the US B the Post Office in the Revolutionary period

C the Post Office in the World War I D transportation and public ideas

29) According to the passage, the main purpose of the Post Office is

A to develop transportationB to apply new mean of transportation

C to deliver mail as safely and fast as possible

D to subsidize every new mode of transportation

30) Which means of transportation used in the Post Office is NOT referred in the passage?

31) The Post Office

A has never used helicopters in delivery D makes no contribution to build roads

B contributes income to build highways, railroads, and airways

C has never been the first to use a new means of transportation

D WRITING

* Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting

31) The waiter whom served us yesterday was polite and friendly

A B C D

32) This class is only for people who’s first language is not Chinese

A B C D

33) The man with who I spoke in the meeting used to work here

A B C D

34) He is moving to Lang Son city, that is in the north-east of Viet Nam

A B C D

35) She asked me if I knew whom had got the job

A B C D

TEST 2

A PHONETICS

I Circle the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words.

II Circle the word that has stress pattern different from that of the other words.

4) A nature B danger C human D environment 5) A exist B species C effect D condition

6) A forest B water C destroy D industry

B VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

* Circle the best answer for each sentence.

7) Many rare o animals are in danger of extinction

8) People are destroying the environment by adding to it

9) Many efforts have been made to protect nature

10) Many species of animals are threatened and could easily become

11) Many animals are for their fur and other valuable parts of their bodies

12) They started a campaign to smoking among teenagers

13) Dinosaurs became millions of years go

14) The chemical from cars and factories make the air, water and soil dangerously dirty

15) Human beings are for the changes in the environment

16) By cutting down trees, we the natural habitat of birds and animals

17) aren’t effective anymore because insects have become resistant to them

18) They started a campaign to smoking among teenagers

19) He is the singer about I often tell you

20) The concert I listened last weekend was boring

21) That’s the girl to my brother got engaged

22) I like the village I used to live

23) I don’t know the reason she hasn’t talked to me recently

24) The little girl I borrowed this pen has gone

25) The speech _ we listened last night was information

26) The boy to I lent my money is poor

A that B who C whom D B and C

27) The knife we cut bread is very sharp

28) The authority gathered those villagers they explained the importance of forests

C READING

* Read the passage carefully then circle the correct answers.

Many environmental experts are pessimistic about the future of our (29) They say that in the next few years harmful (30) will further damage the (31) layer, there will be more losses of irreplaceable tropical (32) , and serious (33) pollution will cause the (34) itself to change They also warm us that Third World (35 will continue to suffer ecological (36) , while the (37) countries consume the vast majority of the world’s (38) Animals are also at (39) It is feared that some (40) species may soon die out, as their natural (41) are destroyed In some cases, the only way to save rare species from (42) is to breed them in (43)

D WRITING

* Circle the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting

43) I have two brothers, both of them are studying in England

A B C D

43) It was a kind of machine with that we were not familiar

A B C D

44) Radio stations at which broadcast only news first appeared in the 1970s

A B C D

45) It is right that politicians should make important decisions without consulting the public to who

A B C D

they are accountable?

46) The song to that we listened last night was beautiful

A B C D

TEST 3

A PHONETICS

I Circle the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words.

II Circle the word that has stress pattern different from that of the other words.

B VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR * Circle the best answer for each sentence.

7) Non-renewable energy sources are running

A up B on C to D out

8) In some countries people use wind or sea as the environment friendly energy sources

9) People have used coal and oil to electricity for along time

10) Coal and oil are non-renewable sources

11) People on earth are need of more nuclear energy

12) energy uses natural sources of energy such as the sun, wind, or water for power and fuel, rather than oil, coal, or nuclear power

13) Oil, coal and natural gas are fuels made from decayed material

14) All fossil fuels are resources that cannot be replaced after use

15) We should develop such sources of energy as solar energy and nuclear energy

16) Increased consumption will lead to faster of our natural resources

17) heat comes from deep inside the earth

18) “Have you ever met the man over there?” “No Who is he?”

19) The boy the piano is my son

A who is playing B that is playing C playing D All are correct

20) by his parent, this boy was very sad

21) We have apartment the park

22) He was the last person in this way

23) Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman _ governor in the United State

A who elected B to be elected C was elected D her election as

24) in large quantities in the Middle East, oil became known as black gold because of the large profit it brought

A Discovering B Discovered C Which was discovered D That when discovered 25) She is the only in the discussion to using nuclear power

26) Johnny was the last applicant for a position in that energy station

A to interview B interviewing C to be interviewed D which is interviewed 27) The instructions by Professor Johnson helped us know more about the danger of energy pollution

C READING

* Circle the item among A, B, C or D that best answers the question about the passage.

Energy is fundamental to human beings, especially to poor people – the one- third of humanity that does not have modern energy supplies like electricity, with which their life could be improve

Many people who live in countryside have to gather fuel wood This takes a lot of time Moreover, it causes indoor air pollution because of heavy smoke For many people living in rural areas in developing countries of the world, biogas is the large energy resources available and costs almost nothing The main use

of biogas is for cooking and heating As biogas is smoke-free, it helps solve the problem of indoor air pollution Moreover, plant waste and animal manure cost almost nothing

The tendency to use renewable energy sources is on the increase when non-renewable ones are running out In the near, people in the developing countries may use wind or sea waves as the environment-friendly energy sources

28) What is the role of energy to human beings?

A unimportant B unnecessary C necessary D fundamental

29) What do poor people in countryside do to have energy?

30) How long does it take to gather fuel wood in the countryside?

A Not much time B A lot of time C Very little time D Half an hour a day 31) According to the passage, what energy sources do poor people often use for fuel?

32) What is the main use of biogas?

A It is used mainly for cooking and heating B It is mainly used for lighting

C It is mainly used for operating D It is mainly used for producing in factories 33) According to the passage, what is the most awful effect of using fuel wood?

A It causes indoor air pollution B It may cause fire

C It damages their houses D It affects the local scenery

34) Why, according to the passage, is biogas introduced to poor people?

A Because it is easy to use B Because it is not harmful

C Because they like it

D Because it is the largest energy resources available in the countryside and cheap

35) What, according to the passage, are the main advantages of using biogas?

C It is clean because it is smoke-free and costs almost nothing D It is clean

36) The tendency to use renewable energy sources

37) What, according to the passage, may be used as the environment-friendly energy sources/

D WRITING

* Circle the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting

38) The man to speak to me is John’s brother

A B C D

39) He is the second person be killed in that way

A B C D

40) They work in a hospital sponsoring by the government

A B C D

41) It an essay writing in 1779, Judith Sargeant Murray promoted the cause of women’s education

A B C D

42) A dam is wall building across river to shop the river’s flow and collect the water

A B C D

TEST 4

A PHONETICS

I Circle the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words.

II Circle the word that has stress pattern different from that of the other words.

B VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

* Circle the best answer for each sentence.

7) The Vietnamese participants took in the 14th Asian Games with great enthusiasm

8) from several countries competed in many Asian Game

9) How many sports are there the 14th Asian Games?