Tăng cường thu hút đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài của hàn quốc vào việt nam

LOI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan: Ban luan van tot nghiep la cong trinh nghien cuu thuc sir cua ca nhan, dupe thuc hien tren co so nghien cuu ly thuyet, kien thuc kinh dien, nghien cuu khao sat tinh hinh thuc tien va duoi su hudng dan khoa hoc cua TS Dd Thi Kim Hoa Cac so lieu va nhung ket qua luan van la trung thuc, cac ket luan dua xuat phat tu thuc tien va kinh nghiem, chua timg dupe cong bo duoi bat ky mot cong trinh nao Neu sai toi xin hoan toan chiu trach nhiem Mot lan nua, toi xin khang dinh ve su trung thuc cua loi cam ket tren Tac gia luan van MUC LUC • • LCD CAM DOAN MUC LUC DANH MUC CAC TU VIET TAT DANH MUC SO DO, BANG, BIEU DO TOM TAT LU AN VAN i LOI MO DAU CHUONG CO SO LY LUAN VA KINH NGHIEM THUC TIEN VE DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI (FDI) CUA HAN QUOC VAO VIET NAM 1.1 Mot so van de co1 ban ve dau tir true tiep nude ngoai 1.1.1 Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai: Khai niem, phan loai 1.1.2 Mot sd ly thuyet ve FDI 12 1.2 Cac tieu chi phan anh tinh hinh thu hut FDI, nhan to anh huong va sy can thiet phai tang cudng thu hut FDI cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam 16 1.2.1 Cac tieu chi phan anh tinh hinh dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 16 1.2.2 Nhan to anh hudng FDI cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam 20 1.2.3 Su can thiet phai tang cudng thu hut FDI cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam 25 1.3 Kinh nghiem cua mot so quoc gia ve thu hut FDI cua Han Quoc va bai hoc voi Viet Nam 31 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem cua mot so quoc gia ve thu hut FDI cua Han Quoc 31 1.3.2 Bai hoc doi vdi Viet Nam ve thu hut FDI cua Han Quoc 34 CHUONG THUC TRANG DAU TU NlTOC NGOAI CUA HAN QUOC VAO VIET NAM 38 2.1 Tinh hinh FDI cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam 38 2.1.1 Tinh hinh von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 38 2.1.2 Co cau FDI theo nganh 41 2.1.3 Co cau FDI theo hinh thuc dau tu 46 2.1.4 Co cau FDI theo khu vuc .48 2.1.5 Co cau FDI theo chu dau tu 52 2.2 Danh gia thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam .54 2.2.1 Nhung cong 54 2.2.2 Han che va nguyen nhan cua han che 60 CHtTONG QUAN DIEM VA GIAI PHAP NHAM TANG ClTONG THU HUT FDI CUA HAN QUOC VAO VIET NAM 64 3.1 Quan diem thu hut FDI cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam 64 3.1.1 Boi canh kinh te xa hoi anh huung den qua trinh thu hut FDI 64 3.1.2 Thuan loi va kho khan doi vui thu hut FDI cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam 71 3.1.3 Quan diem thu hut FDI cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam 81 3.2 Mot so giai phap nham tang cuong thu hut dau tw true tiep nuoc ngoai cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam 87 3.2.1 Hoan thien moi truong phap ly 87 3.2.2 Hoan thien co so tang 90 3.2.3 Phat trien cong nghiep phu tru 92 3.2.4 Phat trien chat luung nguon nhan lire 97 3.2.5 Thuc day cac hoat dong xue tien dau tu vui Han Quoc 99 3.2.6 Tang cuung dich vu sau dau tu 101 KET LUAN 103 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 104 DANH MUC CAC TIT VIET TAT CAC THUAT NGLT VIET TAT TIENG ANH AFTA : Khu vuc mau dich tu ASEAN ASEAN : Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Dong Nam A BT : Xay dung - chuyen giao BOT : Xay dung - kinh doanh - chuyen giao FDI : Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai GDP : Tong san pham quoc noi IMF : Quy tien te quoc te ODA : Vien trq phat trien chinh thuc TNCs : Cong ty xuyen quoc gia UNCTAD : To chuc lien hop quoc ve thuong mai va phat trien USD : Do la My WB : Ngan hang the gidi WTO : To chuc thuong mai the gioi CAC THUAT NGU* VIET TAT TIENG VIET CNC : Cong nghe cao CNH : Cong nghiep hoa DN : Doanh nghiep DTNN : Dau tu nude ngoai HDH : Hien dai hoa KCN : Khu cong nghiep KTQT : Kinh te quoc te UBND : Uy ban nhan dan DANH MUC SO DO, BANG, BIEU DO Bang bieu: Bang 2.1: Dau tu Han Quoc theo hinh thuc dau tu 1988-2006 (tinh tdi 31/12/2006 - chi tinh cac du an cdn hieu luc) 46 Bang 2.2: Dau tu true tiep han Quoc vao Viet Nam phan theo hinh thuc 47 Bieu do: Bieu 2.1: Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam cac nam gan day 38 Bieu 2.2: Ty so luong du an dau tu cua Han Quoc so vdi cac quoc gia khac (2011) 39 Bieu 2.3: Co cau FDI theo nganh cua Han Qudc vao VN nam 2006 (theo von) 42 Bieu 2.4: Co cau FDI theo nganh cua Han Qudc vao VN ty theo so du an nam 2011 44 - -w _ S* TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ - — SO!K>CaG8G8 HWANG PILSON l^ANG CHANG THU HUI HAU TIT THUC IIEP NUtC NGOAl CUI HAH QUUC VAO VIET NAM CHUYfiN NGANH: KINH Til CHINH TRI tOm tat luAn van THAC SY • • S A W HA MM NAM 2012 i TOM TAT LUAN VAN Von la mot nhung nguon luc quan de phat trien kinh te cua mot dat nuoc Doi voi mot nuoc dang phat trien nhu Viet Nam thi viec huy dong nguOn von dong vai trd quan de thuc hien cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa dat nuoc Trong do, viec thu hut von dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai (FDI) tai Viet Nam thoi gian qua da ho tro tich cuc cho phat trien kinh te xa hoi Voi moi trudng dau tu hap dan, cang thong thoang, Viet Nam da la diem den cua nhieu nha dau tu quoc te, co cac nha dau tu Han Quoc Trong so i i quoc gia va vung lanh tho co du an dau tu cap phep moi thang i/20i2, Han Quoc la nha dau tu lon thu ba voi 5,4 trieu USD chiem 18,4% tong von dang ky cap moi Tuy nhien, viec thu hut dau tu va hoat dong cua mot so doanh nghiep FDI Han Quoc tai Viet Nam cdn bieu hien mot so han che Thuc trang cung voi ap luc canh tranh cang gay gat hon ve thu hut FDI cua Trung Quoc va cac nuoc khu vuc dat thach thuc lon cho Viet Nam Vi vay, Viet Nam can nghien cuu thuc trang thu hut FDI nhung nam gan day va tim giai phap de tiep tuc thu hut va su dung von dau tu nuoc ngoai cua Han Quoc mot cach hieu qua, phuc vu cho cong cuoc phat trien dat nuoc Do la ly toi quyet dinh chon de tai luan van la: “Tang cuang thu hut dau tic true tiep mrac ngoai cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam ” Tu truoc den da co nhieu cong trinh nghien cuu ve dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai cua Han Quoc nhung nhung nghien cuu moi chi dung lai o muc ly giai mot sd nhung nhan to tac dong toi ddng von FDI ma chua dua duoc nhung nhan to quyet dinh den kha nang thu hut dong von thoi diem hien cua Viet Nam Muc dich nghien cuu cua luan van la dua tren co so li luan ve dau tu truc a *> < tiep de dua nhung danh gia va giai phap de phat trien hon nua hoat dong thu hut > r y r r va su dung nguon von dau tu truc tiep tu Han Quoc Danh gia tuu cung nhu kho khan, ton tai de rut bai hoc kinh nghiem ve chien luoc va chinh sach thu hut ii FDI cua Han Quoc Pham vi nghien ciru cua luan van la hoat dong cua ddng vdn FDI tir Han Quoc vao Viet Nam khoang nam 2006-2011, tir dua mot so giai phap cai thien hoat dong CHlTONG CO SO LY LUAN VA KINH NGHIEM THUG TIEN VE DAU TU* TRUG TIEP NlTCfC NGOAI (FDI) CUA HAN QUOC VAO VIET NAM r r a a r 1.1 Mot so van de co’ ban ve dau tir true tiep nirdc ngoai 1.1.1 Dau tu- true tiep nude ngoai: Khai niem, phan loai 1.1.1.1 Khai niem va dgc diem FDI Khai niem FDI FDI la chu viet tat cua cum ttr tieng Anh "Foreign Direct Investment” va dirge dich sang tieng Viet la dau tu true tiep nude ngoai Co nhieu khai niem ve FDI tu cac nguon khac nhimg chung tdi dong y vdi y kien FDI la su di chuyen vdn qudc te dudi hinh thuc vdn san xuat thong qua viec nha dau tu d mot nude dua vdn vao mot nude khac de dau tu, thiet lap co sd san xuat, tan dung uu r \ r x the ve vdn, trinh cong nghe, kinh nghiem quan ly, nham muc dich thu lgi nhuan va chi phoi hoac toan quyen kiem soat doanh nghiep Dgc diem FDI Dau tu true tiep la hinh thuc dau tu nha dau tu bo vdn dau tu va tham gia quan ly hoat dong Muc dich cua FDI la tim kiem lgi nhuan cua cac chu dau tu nude ngoai Chu the FDI phai la ngudi nude ngoai, phai ddng mot ty le vdn tdi thieu vdn phap dinh hoac vdn dieu le Ty le ddng gop cua cac ben vdn dieu le hoac vdn phap dinh se quy dinh quyen va nghia vu cua moi ben, ddng thdi lgi nhuan va rui ro cung dugc phan chia dua vao ty le FDI thudng di kern vdi chuyen giao cong nghe tir nude dau tu den cac nude tiep nhan dau tu 1.1.1.2 Phan loai FDI - Can cu theo co sd hinh thuc tham nhap cd the phan loai FDI theo hinh thuc dau tu mdi, mua lai va sap nhap qua bien gidi, iii - Can cu vao ty le von gop va dac diem qua trinh quan ly cua chu so hiru co the phan loai FDI theo cac hinh thuc: Doanh nghiep lien doanh, doanh nghiep 100% von nude ngoai, hinh thuc hop tac kinh doanh tren co sd hop dong hop tac kinh doanh - Can cu vao dau tu theo cac hinh thuc khac cd the phan loai: - Dau tu theo hinh thuc Hop dong BOT, dau tu theo hinh thuc Hop dong BT, dau tu theo hinh thuc Hop dong BTO, 1.1.2 Mot so ly thuyet ve FDI Chung toi trinh bay mot so hoc thuyet: Hoc thuyet ve loi the doc quyen, hoc thuyet noi bo hoa, ly thuyet chiet trung, ly thuyet ve vdng ddi quoc te cua san pham 1.2 Cac tieu chi phan anh tinh hinh thu hut FDI, nhan to anh hirong va a r r sir can thiet phai tang cirirng thu hut FDI cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam Cac tieu chi phan anh tinh hinh dau tu true tiep nude ngoai bao gom: Cac tieu chi phan anh qui mo FDI, co cau FDI, hieu qua FDI, tac dong FDI, tien trinh thuc hien FDI Nhan to anh hudng FDI cua Han Qudc vao Viet Nam: Su on dinh ve kinh te chinh tri - xa hoi, he thong phap luat dau tu cua Viet Nam, su mem deo, hap dan cua he thong chinh sach khuyen khich dau tu nude ngoai, khung chinh sach ve FDI cua Viet Nam thuan loi, moi trudng cong nghe va chat luong nguon nhan luc, su phat trien cua nen hanh chinh qudc gia va hieu qua cua cac du an FDI da trien khai, co sd tang Tang cudng thu hut FDI cua Han Qudc vao Viet Nam la het sue can thiet FDI khong chi cung cap nguon von cho phat trien ma thuc hien chuyen giao cong nghe, dong gop vao ngan sach qudc gia, khuyen khich nang luc kinh doanh nude 1.3 Kinh nghiem cua mot so qudc gia ve thu hut FDI cua Han Qudc va bai hoc vol Viet Nam Tir viec phan tich kinh nghiem cua Indonesia, Trung Qudc chung toi dua bai hoc doi voi Viet Nam ve thu hut FDI cua Han Qudc la: Phat trien cong nghiep, xay dung cac khu cong nghiep va dac khu kinh te, khuyen khich su- dau tir cua cac Cong ty xuyen qudc gia 92 an FDI theo linh vuc va dia ban dau tu Quy dinh ve trinh cong nghe du an FDI cho tirng nganh theo dia ban dau tu Doi vdi cac thi co mat cong nghiep cao, nhung dia ban phat trien du lich sinh thai se han che tdi da thu hut FDI co ham luong cong nghe thap, gay nhiem d muc nhat dinh va ty gia cdng cao Thu hut von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao nhung nganh can tang ty dau tu nude ngoai nhu dau tu vao ket cau tang giao thong, nong nghiep va nong thon, dien, nude, tai chinh, tin dung, giao due, y te, van hda, the thao, hoat dong phuc vu ca nhan va cong ddng; cac nganh san xuat cd yeu to ham luong cong nghe, dao lao lao dong va chuyen giao cong nghe, ky nang, hoat dong R&D Ho tro cac hoat dong dau tu cd hieu qua, ddng thdi giam thieu nhung mat han che, tieu cue nhu nhap khau nhieu nhung khong chu san xuat ma chi tap trung vao gia cdng, lap rap va khai thac thi trudng noi dia la chu yeu; loi dung ke hd ve chinh sach, phap luat cua Viet Nam de thuc hien hanh vi chuyen gia, ke khai lo hoac loi nhuan thap de chuyen loi nhuan ve nude, khong cd ddng gop hoac ddng gop rat thap nguon ngan sach nha nude cua Viet Nam Khong tiep nhan hoac han che tdi da nhung du an DTNN su dung cdng nghe thap, co kha nang tieu hao nhieu nang luong, gay o nhiem mdi trudng, sinh thai 3.2.3 Phat trien cdng nghiep phu tro' Cdng nghe cd tarn quan ddi vdi tai cu cau nen kinh te qudc dan FDI giai doan mdi phai uu tien cac nganh cdng nghe cao, dich vu hien dai, tao dot pha ve cdng nghe cua dat nude Neu ung dung cdng nghe mdi thi san xuat thep cd the tiet kiem duoc 40% nang luong va giam phat thai 50% cac bon; nhung sd tuong ung vdi xi mang la 35% va 25%, vdi giay in va bot giay la 80% va 60% Cac cam ket ve cdng nghe phai duoc thuc hien nghiem tuc va chi sau co quan chuc nang kiem tra, giam sat thuc dia, xac nhan da du tieu chuan thi mdi dupe van hanh nha may Cdng nghiep phu tro la khai niem chi toan bo nhung san pham cdng nghiep co vai tro hd tro cho viec san xuat cac pham chinh Cu the la nhung linh kien, phu lieu, phu tung, san pham bao bi, nguyen lieu de sun, nhuom, v.v., va cung co 93 the bao gom ca nhung san pham trung gian, nhung nguyen lieu so che Neu ke cac san pham tuong tu thi pham vi se rat rong nhung neu them mot dac tinh ntra se thay pham vi rd rang hon: San pham cong nghiep phu tro thudng duoc san xuat vdi quy md nhd, thuc hien bdi cac doanh nghiep nhd va vua Do do, nganh xe hoi chang han, cac bo phan nhu dau may xe, than xe, banh xe thudng khong duoc ke la cong nghiep phu tro vi chu yeu cac cong ty ldn san xuat vdi quy md ldn Trong nganh nay, cong nghiep phu tro la nhung linh kien, nhung phu lieu d cap thap hon dupe cung cap de san xuat dau may xe, than xe Ngoai hieu qua tao nhieu cong an viec lam, thu hut lao dong du thua, cong nghiep phu tro dong vai tro rat quan trong viec tang sue canh tranh cua san pham cong nghiep chinh va day nhanh qua trinh cong nghiep hoa theo hudng vua md rong (broadening) vua tham sau (deepening) Cong nghiep phu tro khong phat trien se lam cho cac cong ty lap rap va nhung cong ty san xuat pham cuoi cung khac se phai phu thuoc nhieu vao nhap khau Du nhung san pham cd the dupe cung cap vdi gia re d nudc ngoai nhung vi chung loai qua nhieu, phi ton chuyen chd, bao hiem se lam tang phi ton dau vao Do la chua ndi den su rui ro ve tien do, thdi gian nhan hang nhap khaul Cong ty da qudc gia se gap khd khan viec quan ly day chuyen cung cap (supply chain management) neu phai nhap khau phan ldn linh kien, bo phan, va cac san pham cong nghiep phu tro khac Vi ly nay, cong nghiep phu tro khong phat trien thi cac nganh cong nghiep chinh se thieu sue canh tranh va pham vi cung gidi han mot sd it cac nganh Trudc het, cho den san pham cong nghiep phu tro chu yeu doanh nghiep nha nudc san xuat, phan ldn cung cap nhung san pham cd chat luong kem va gia cao (vi cong nghe lac hau, vi quan ly kem, ) nen chi tieu thu dupe noi bo cac doanh nghiep nha nudc Mot bo phan khac, chu yeu la nhung san pham cong nghiep phu tro cap thap, cac ho kinh doanh ca the san xuat cung gap khd khan ve vdn va cong nghe Nganh dau tien phai ke den la co Day la nganh lien quan hau het den cac nganh kinh te khac Neu khong cd nhung co sd co nay, rat nhieu hoat dong 94 se ngung tre, hoac khong hieu qua Chang han mot chiec o-to mdi san xuat, qua trinh van hanh, 6-to phai tu, bao duong va nhieu lan trung tu, dai tu Cac qua trinh duoc thuc hien cac co sd sua chua co 6-to Mot so co sd san xuat cac mat hang phu tro khac nhu bao bi, nhan mac san pham, nhung mat hang khong lam tang gia tri cua san pham ma ngupc lai lam tang gia cua san pham, nhung rat quan trong, khong the tiet kiem duoc Nhat la hien nay, cac DN hoat dong co che thi trudng va xuat khau nudc ngoai, bao bi co y nghTa rat quan Mac du khong phai la nganh san xuat chinh, nhung san pham cua co sd CN phu tro la nguyen lieu, tu lieu san xuat cho cac nganh san xuat khac, nen cd y nghTa rat quan doi vdi su phat trien cua cac nganh san xuat chinh va su phat trien kinh te-xa hoi chung cua Vi vay, viec phat trien mot each dong bo cac co sd san xuat CN phu tro la nhan to rat quan cho su phat trien ben vung cua cac nganh san xuat khac Viec uu tien, dau tu va quy hoach doi vdi cac nganh san xuat CN phu tro cung la nhan to quan de thu hut dau tu Can mb rong quy md san xuat cua cac san pham chinh d trung nguon (mid­ stream) tuc giai doan lap rap, hoan san pham chuoi gia tri dac biet la cac nganh lap rap, san xuat cac loai may moc nhu dtd, xe may, dien gia dung, v.v Cac nganh trung nguon co hai truong hop: nhung nganh thay the nhap khau, trudc mat san xuat cho thi truong ni dia, va nhung nganh hudng vao xuat khau Quy mo san xuat cua trudng hop thay the nhap khau thuoc vao kha nang va trien vong ldn manh cua thi trudng noi dia Chinh sach cua Viet Nam ve van de nay, dac biet nganh dto va xe may, dang lung tung va co khuynh hudng han che su md rong cua thi trudng nudc Du cho chinh sach xuat phat tir i r r •> \ a nhung muc tieu khac nhu de giai quyet van de giao thdng, nhung phai hieu rang dung ve phuong dien phat trien cdng nghiep la tin hieu cho thay qua trinh phat trien cdng nghiep Viet Nam gap nhieu kho khan va do kho keu goi FDI cac nganh thuoc cdng nghiep phu a r t \ r Nen kinh te phat trien, qua trinh dau tu cho san xuat kinh doanh cang 95 tang, dac biet la dau tu FDI hien dang manh vao Viet Nam Qua trinh dau tu khong nhung can thiet bi, may moc hien dai (hien phan Ion la phai nhap tu ben ngoai), ma ddi hoi nguyen lieu, cac chi tiet, cac phu kien cung ung cho viec che tao san pham cua cac doanh nghiep cang ldn Nhung san pham phu tro cua nude ta lai rat ngheo nan, khien cac doanh nghiep dau tu vao lai rat khd tim duoc ddi tac ho tro cd hieu qua thiet thuc Nganh det may hien la nganh dat kim ngach tdi ty USD, ldn nhat d nude ta nam 2007 nhung khong cd cdng nghiep phu tro thich dang, nen da phai nhap tdi 80% ty le nguyen phu lieu san xuat Nganh san xuat o to dang la nganh cd nhu cau tieu thu cang ldn, nhung ty le noi dia hoa chi dat 3-7% gia thanh, cung cap duoc vai loai san pham don gian, gia tri thap nhu ghe ngoi, khung xe, mot sd chi tiet phu bang nhua, kim loai Cdng nghiep phu tro dupe xac dinh la khau dot pha de phat trien cac nganh cdng nghiep chu luc cua Viet Nam qua trinh CNH-HDH; tao hang hoa thay the nhap khau, tao chu dong cho san xuat hang hoa tieu dung va xuat khau nen phai duoc hudng nhieu chinh sach hd tro va uu dai Quy hoach da de nhom giai phap thuc hien phuc vu yeu cau do: - Giai phap tao dung mdi trudng dau tu, khuyen khich phat trien san xuat kinh doanh Dua tren co sd nhom nganh uu tien, xay dung cac chuong trinh phat trien tirng nhom san pham phu trp thich ung Nham thuc hien duoc cac chuong trinh se cd cac chinh sach thu hut su tham gia cua moi phan kinh te va ngoai nude, ddng thdi cd chinh sach khuyen khich hinh cac khu, cum cdng nghiep san xuat phu tirng, linh kien, nguyen vat lieu phu tro cho cac nganh cdng nghiep Trong dieu kien nen kinh te kern phat trien thi can giup do, hudng dan, khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep vira va nho tham gia san xuat cac loai san pham phu tro, cung ung linh kien, phu tung, nguyen phu lieu cho san xuat phu tro - Giai phap ve khoa hoc - cdng nghe Nha nude can xay dung va ban hanh mot he thong tieu chuan ky thuat chat luong san pham theo chuan qudc te, lam can cu cho dinh hudng phat trien Can nang cap, hoan thien cac to chuc kiem dinh, danh gia chat luong san pham phu tro dat trinh qudc te Nha nude can tao dieu 96 kien thuan lgi cho cac doanh nghiep FDI co cac du an chuyen giao cong nghe tien tien vao san xuat tai Viet Nam, cung nhu ho tro kinh phi mua ban quyen cho cac doanh nghiep vua va nhd phat trien cong nghiep phu tro - Giai phap ve lien ket doanh nghiep De tranh thu budc di nhanh, chac, hieu qua can xay dung cac chuong trinh hop tac dai han vdi cac doi tac chien luge, cac cong ty, tap doan da qudc gia ve phat trien cong nghiep ndi chung va cong nghiep phu trg ndi rieng d Viet Nam, giai doan den 2010 tarn nhin 2020, trudc mat can cd ke hoach ket ndi cac doanh nghiep FDI vdi cac doanh nghiep noi dia thong qua cac chuong trinh gidi thieu nhu cau phat trien va su dung san pham phu trg va hgp dong kinh te giua hai ben - Giai phap ve tai chinh Doanh nghiep vua va nhd la doi tugng hoat dong chu yeu linh vuc nen can tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho cac doanh nghiep ay tiep can dugc vdi nguon vdn vay dai han cho dau tu phat trien Trong viec dau tu nghien cuu va phat trien san xuat phu trg cung can tich cue ho trg kinh phi cho cac doanh nghiep vira va nhd Nghien cuu hgc tap kinh nghiem cua cac nudc khac, dac biet la Nhat Ban de lap he thong ngan hang phuc vu cac doanh nghiep vira va nhd Nha nudc cung can tao dieu kien ve nguon vdn cho cac hoat dong khuyen cong, ho trg phat trien khoa hgc cong nghe cho cac doanh nghiep cong nghiep phu trg - De bat nhip vdi lan song noi dia hoa, Viet Nam can sdm xay dung cac co sd du lieu hieu qua, mot doanh nghiep nen cd du cac thong tin ve chinh sach, cac kha nang dac biet va kinh nghiem cua cong ty, trang thiet bi san xuat, chinh xac che tao tinh bang milimet, chtrng chi chat lugng, cac khach hang chinh, doanh sd ban hang hang nam, tong vdn va sd lao dong sir dung, de tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho cac doanh nghiep san xuat linh kien nudc, thiet lap quan he vdi cac cong ty san xuat nudc ngoai Phat trien cong nghiep phu trg hien d Viet Nam la het sue buc thiet, nhung ngoai nganh det may va da giay mdi chinh thuc khdi cong xay dung du an trung tarn nguyen phu lieu, thi cac nganh khac van cdn qua than trong, cham rai Hy vgng nam 2008, cong nghiep phu trg se khdi sac, day manh phat trien hon 97 3.2.4 Phat trien chat luong ngudn nhan lye Lao dong co ky nang cao can duoc thay the dinh hudng FDI su dung nhieu lao dong Viec chuyen nhanh tu lui the ve lao dong thong sang lao dong co ky nang de thich ung vdi giai doan mdi cua su phat trien vira dat duuc dong thdi hai muc tieu: Mot la nhung nganh nghe sir dung nhieu lao dong thdng danh uu tien cho cac doanh nghiep nudc, nhat la dich vu la linh vuc doi hoi it von dau tu nhung giai quyet duuc nhieu lao dong; Hai la nhung nganh can lao dong co ky nang nhu cdng nghe va dich vu cao thi thu hut FDI vdi cam ket ve dao tao, boi dudng ngudn nhan luc, de hinh doi ngu cac nha quan ly, ky su, cdng nhan ky thuat ngang tarn khu vuc va tiep can tarn qudc te Nhan luc la khau cd y nghia quyet dinh doi vdi moi doanh nghiep, dac biet la doi vdi doanh nghiep cd cdng nghiep phu tru cdn dang d giai doan su khai De dam bao cho cdng nghiep phat trien, hoat dong, dap ung yeu cau se can nhieu can bo ky thuat cac nganh thiet ke, che tao may, luyen kim, dieu khien tu dong, dien tur tin hoc cd kha nang lam chu cac cdng nghe duuc chuyen giao De vuun len tarn cao, du sue canh tranh tren trudng qudc te, can bo nganh cdn phai cd nang lire, trinh nghien cuu, thiet ke, tao cdng nghe ngudn va kieu dang san pham rieng cua Viet Nam Do can tich cue cai tien, doi mdi giao due dao tao, boi dudng can bo bang moi hinh thuc thiet thuc, cd hieu qua De giai quyet van de chat luong nhan lire yeu kern, Nha nudc phai duuc xac dinh de lam cho cai each cu ban va toan dien cua he thdng giao due qudc dan tren cu sd dam bao chat luong cua giao vien, dieu kien giao due va giao due dinh hudng thi trudng Viet Nam cung nen ap dung cac chinh sach khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep ap dung va doi mdi cdng nghe, dac biet la mdi biet, cdng nghe ngudn va cdng nghe sach, de cu cau lai nen kinh te, nang cao nang suat lao dong va bao ve mdi trudng Cu the, ky nang nghe va nang lire nghe nghiep cua lao dong Viet Nam van cdn khoang each kha ldn so vdi cac nudc dang phat trien tren the gidi va khu vuc Nam 2007, nang suat lao dong cua Viet Nam thap hun Nhat Ban 50,4 lan; thap hun 98 Han Quoc la 18,6 lan; Malaysia 7,8 lan; Thai Lan 1,96 lan va Indonesia 1,5 lan Nam 2011, theo bao cao cua Dien dan kinh te the giai (WEF), Viet Nam xep thu 65/141 qudc gia duoc xep hang ve lao dong Thai gian tdi, de thuc day thu hut va nang cao chat luong dau tu FDI, nhieu chuyen gia kinh te va nha dau tu nude ngoai cho rang, Viet Nam can phai nang cao chat luong nguon nhan luc Day cung la noi dung duoc neu Chien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hoi giai doan 2011-2020 Theo do, “Phat trien va nang cao chat luong nguon nhan luc, nhat la nguon nhan luc chat luong cao la mot dot pha chien luge, la yeu to quyet dinh day manh phat trien va ung dung khoa hoc, cdng nghe, co cau lai nen kinh te, chuyen doi md hinh tang trudng va lgi the canh tranh quan trgng nhat, dam bao cho phat trien nhanh, hieu qua va ben vung ” Thuc hien dot pha chien luge tren, Quy hoach phat trien nhan luc Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2020 cung da xac dinh muc tieu: Den nam 2020 ty le nhan luc qua dao tao dudi cac hinh thuc khac phai dat 70%, (nam 2010 ty le la 40%) Trong do, ty le nhan luc qua dao tao nganh nong lam ngu nghiep tang tuong ung tu 15,5% len 50%; nganh cdng nghiep tu 78% len 92%; nganh xay dung tu 41% len 56%; nganh dich vu tir 67% len 88% Thu trudng Nguyen Ngoc Phi cho biet, de thuc hien muc tieu tren, Chien luge day nghe Bo Lao dong - Thuong binh va Xa hoi trinh Chinh phu cung xac djnh: Phat trien day nghe la su nghiep va trach nhiem cua toan xa hoi; la mot noi dung quan trgng cua chien luge, quy hoach phat trien nhan luc qudc gia, tir dua muc tieu, den nam 2020, day nghe dap ung dugc cac nhu cau cua thi trudng lao dong ca ve sd lugng, chat lugng, co cau nghe va trinh dao tao; chat lugng dao tao cua mot sd nghe dat trinh cua mot sd nude phat trien tren the gidi; hinh dpi ngu lao dong lanh nghe, gop phan nang cao nang luc canh tranh qudc gia Cu the, giai doan 2011-2015 dao tao mdi khoang 9,6 trieu ngudi, trinh cao dang nghe, trung cap nghe la 2,1 trieu ngudi Giai doan 2016-2020 dao 99 tao mdi 12,9 trieu ngudi, cao dang nghe va trung cap nghe la la 2,9 trieu ngudi Den nam 2015, cd 190 trudng cao dang nghe, cd 26 trudng chat luong cao; 300 trudng trung cap nghe va 920 trung tarn day nghe Den nam 2020, co 230 trudng cao dang nghe, cd 40 trudng chat luong cao, 310 trudng trung cap nghe va 1.050 trung tarn day nghe Dieu se tao budc dot pha de dap ung nhu cau lao dong ky thuat, lao dong chat luong cao phuc vu cho su nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc va hoi nhap kinh te qudc te Day cung la thong diep Bo Lao dong - Thuong binh va Xa hoi mudn gui den cac nha dau tu da va dang quan tarn den mdi trudng dau tu tai Viet Nam 3.2.5 Thuc day cac hoat dong xuc tien dau tw vdi Han Qudc Trong giai ngan vdn dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai (FDI) kha on dinh, thi vdn dang ky da co xu hudng suy giam rd ret nhung nam gan day Trudc tinh hinh nay, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu dang tim ke sach de chong suy giam FDI 23 ty USD, bang hon 30% so vdi nam trudc “Doc” tiep tuc xuong, nam 2010 20 ty USD, nam 2011 la 15,6 ty USD va nam nay, nhieu kha nang, theo ong Do Nhat Hoang, Cue trudng Cue Dau tu nudc ngoai (Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu), se khong the dat dupe sd 15 ty USD Sd lieu thong ke vua duoc cong bo cho thay, 10 thang dau nam nay, mdi chi cd 10,49 ty USD vdn FDI vao Viet Nam, bao gom ca vdn cap mdi va tang them, chi bang 75,3% so vdi cung ky 2011 Su sut giam cua dong vdn FDI, du co the duoc giai thich bang rat nhieu ly do, nhu cac du an ldn, vdn ao, du an bat dong san quy md ldn thdi gian gan day da giam manh; Viet Nam dang tap trung nang r r r •> r chat dong vdn FDI nen vdn dang ky co the suy giam ngan han , song la mot hien thuc khong the choi bo Chinh Thu trudng Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu, ong Dao Quang Thu cung da thira nhan dieu va bay to su lo lang FDI sut giam boi canh vdn dau tu phat trien, dac biet tu nguon ngan sach nha nudc va trai 100 phieu chinh phu mot han hep “Von dang ky da giam nhieu, nhat la d mot so thi truong nhu Han Quoc, Dai Loan Chung ta phai co giai phap de lay lai long tin cho nha dau tu”, Thu truong Dao Quang Thu noi Chia se thuc te nay, dai dien Ban quan ly cac KCN tinh Dong Nai cho biet, nhung nam gan day, von dau tu tir Dai Loan vao Dong Nai da giam tdi 10 lan, hien tir dau nam tdi mdi co hon 20 trieu USD dau tu vao tinh Trong do, theo thdng tin cua ba Nguyen Minh Hien, Tham tan dau tu Dai su quan Viet Nam tai dau, ma la Indonesia, Myanmar Hang loat giai phap, bao gom doi mdi cdng tac xuc tien dau tu, xay dung co che uu dai dau tu phu hop hon, xem xet lai co che phan cap da dupe Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu de xuat nham tang cudng thu hut va nang cao hieu qua ddng von FDI thdi gian tdi Ddng tinh cac giai phap nay, nhieu dia phuong cho rang, neu thuc hien dupc thi la “qua tot”, song cung khong quen nhung giai phap trudc mat, can thuc hien A Chang han, theo Ban quan ly cac KCN tinh Ddng Nai, phai day nhanh thdi gian lam thu tuc dau tu, dac biet la thu tuc tham tra cua cac bo, nganh Trung uong “Nen rut ngan xuong chi cdn 15 ngay, chu khong nen de nhu hien nay, tdi 30 - 45 cd uu dai dau tu thi ho mdi tiep tuc md rong dau tu Theo quy dinh hien hanh, cac du an md rong dau tu khong dupc uu dai thue Lien quan van de nay, ong Vu Dai Thang, Vu trudng Vu Quan ly cac khu kinh r r \ i r •> te (Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu) cung cho rang, de chong suy giam FDI, cd the sua cac chinh sach ve uu dai dau tu, trudc xem xet den viec sua doi khung kho phap ly va dau tu manh cho co sd tang, bao gom ca tang cung va tang mem “Tir nam 2008 trd lai day, uu dai dau tu cua chung ta da giam di rat nhieu Dau tu vao cac khu cdng nghiep cung khong dupc uu dai dau tu nua, vay, suy giam FDI la tat yeu”, ong Thang noi va cung de cap mot thuc te la, lau nay, cac chinh sach cua Viet Nam mdi chi quan tarn den giai doan dau, thu hut dau tu, ma 101 chua chu y tai ho trg nha dau tu sau cap phep Trong do, ong Lu Thanh Phong, Pho giam doc So Ke hoach va Dau tu TP.HCM lai de cap cau chuyen cai thien thu tuc hanh chinh, dac biet la thu tuc giai phong mat bang, cung nhu lam de tranh sir chong cheo, mau thuan giua cac quy dinh phap luat lien quan “Viec chung ta yeu cau cac nha dau tu phai thuc hien cac bieu mau thdng ke, ma cac bieu mau qua rudm cung khien nha dau tu nan long", ong Phong noi Cac thu tuc ve thue, hai quan, tham chi ca cap phep cho lao dong nuoc ngoai, cung dupe can bo cua Ban quan ly KCN tinh Binh Duong de xuat can duoc cai thien thdi gian tdi de co the cham soc tot hon cac nha dau tu hien htru Day Ngay 28/6/2012, tai khach san Lotte, Seoul Hoi thao voi chu de "Han Qudc va Viet Nam - Thuc day hop tac thuong mai va dau tu 2012" da thu hut tren 150 dai bieu Viet Nam va Han Qudc tham gia Dai dien cua Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu, Tong Cue nang luong da gidi thieu ve tinh hinh thuong mai gitra Viet Nam va Han Qudc linh vuc nang luong va nhung co hoi hop tac vdi cac doanh nghiep Han Qudc, ddng thdi keu goi dau tu tir Han Qudc vao cac du an tiem nang tai Viet Nam 3.2.6 Tang cuong dich vu sau dau tic Bo Ke hoach va dau tu hoan nam 2000 viec tap huan sd can bo Viet Nam hien dang lam viec tai cac doanh nghiep lien doanh, trang bi kien thuc ve chuyen mon, nghiep vu, luat phap, kinh nghiem can thiet nhat Ben canh do, Bo lao dong - Thuong binh va Xa hoi, Uy ban nhan dan cap tinh, Ban quan ly Khu cdng nghiep to chuc dao tao cdng nhan lanh nghe lam viec cho cac doanh nghiep dau tu nude ngoai, tao dieu kien thuan loi cho nha dau tu tiep can cac nguon luc Tong Lien doan Lao dong Viet Nam co ke hoach van dong lap Cdng doan d tat ca cac doanh nghiep dau tu nude ngoai va nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua to chuc Cdng doan cac doanh nghiep Chinh phu xem xet hd tro mot phan kinh phi cho cac to chuc cdng doan tai cac doanh nghiep Xay dung to chuc cdng doan thuc su trd ngudi bao ve quyen loi chinh dang, hop phap cua 102 ngudi lao dong; giao due ky luat lao dong, tac phong lao dong cong nghiep cho cong nhan, quan he hop tac xay dung vdi chu dau tu, dong gop vao hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep Ngoai ra, d Viet Nam cung cd rat nhieu cac cong ty, cac co quan chiu trach nhiem tu van thong tin ve chu truung, chinh sach cua Nha nudc Viet Nam lien quan den dau tu nudc ngoai cac nganh nghe kinh doanh khac nhau; canh bao sdm cac rui ro tiem tang cung nhu phan tich nhung tac dong tich cue cua cac rui ro doi vdi tung du an dau tu cu the trien khai tai Viet Nam Cac luat su cua cac cong ty va to chuc tu van ho tro khach hang tien hanh nghien cuu thi trudng tai Viet Nam va tai cac qudc gia chau A khac Tu van cac van de lien quan den xin giay phep dau tu, nhung quy dinh han che va cac dieu kien rang buoc doi vdi cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai, tu van lua chon cac giai phap phu hop cho chien luoc dau tu tai Viet Nam Chuan bi cac tai lieu can thiet de xin cap phep dau tu va cac giay phep hanh nghe khac; dai dien cho khach hang lam viec true tiep vdi co quan nha nudc ly lien quan qua trinh xin cap phep dau tu Ho tro dam phan va chuan bi cac hop dong lien doanh, lien ket vdi cac ben Viet Nam qua trinh hop tac kinh doanh Tu van md rong quy md dau tu va ho tro giai quyet cac van de phat sinh khac sau cap phep dau tu bao gom van de su dung lao dong, hop dong thuong mai, tu van quan ly va thue qua trinh hoat dong cua doanh nghiep r Tieu ket Trong xu the hoi nhap cua kinh te the gidi, Viet Nam khong ngung nd luc de md rong quan he hop tac vdi cac nudc cung nhu thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai cd Han Qudc Viet Nam la mot mdi trudng dau tu kha hap dan vdi Han Qudc su tuong dong ve van hda, nguon nhan luc doi dao, chinh sach dau tu thong thoang va cai thien rd ret Tuy nhien, de thu hut hon nua dau tu true tiep cua Han Qudc, Viet Nam can hoan thien co sd phap li, dau tu co sd tang va cong nghiep phu tro, chu dao tao nguon nhan luc chat luong 103 KET LUAN Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai - FDI la hinh thuc kinh doanh quoc te co hieu qua cao duqc tat ca cac quoc gia nhat la cac nudc dang phat trien quan tarn thu hut va canh tranh cang gay gat Viet Nam dang la diem den day hua hen cho cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai boi canh dang day len mot lan song dau tu manh me mdi vao Viet Nam Han Qudc la mot nhung nha dau tu ldn nhat cua Viet Nam hon 10 nam trd lai day Quan he kinh te Viet Nam - Han Qudc duqc xuc tien gan lien vdi su kien binh thuong hoa quan he ngoai giao giua hai nudc nam 1992 Tu cho tdi Han Qudc da va dang trd mot doi tac hang dau cua Viet Nam quan he kinh te qudc te ma dac biet la dau tu true tiep cua Han Qudc vao Viet Nam Tuy nhien, cac nghien cuu kinh te cho thay mdi trudng dau tu cua Viet Nam van cdn khong it trd ngai Vi vay, nghien cuu thuc trang va giai phap de tang cudng thu hut FDI cua Han Qudc de phuc vu su nghiep CNH - HDH dat nudc la van de cd y nghia thiet thuc doi vdi Viet Nam hien De tai nghien cuu “Tang cudng thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Han Qudc vao Viet Nam” da hoan nhung muc tieu nghien cuu sau: Thu nhat, Luan van da phan tich duqc thuc trang thu hut FDI cua Han Qudc vao Viet Nam thdi gian qua Trong do, lam rd hieu qua thu hut dau tu phan theo co cau nganh, hinh thuc dau tu, khu vuc va chu dau tu Thu hai, Luan van da phan tich duqc cdng va han che nhung chinh sach, bien phap thu hut FDI ma Viet Nam dang ap dung Thu ba, tren co sd nghien cuu nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem ve thu hut Han Qudc vao Viet Nam thdi gian qua, luan van da xem xet nhung co hoi va thach thuc thu hut FDI cua Viet Nam tai boi canh hien tai de rut nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem ve thu hut FDI nham phat huy hon nua nhung ket qua ve hoat dong FDI tai Viet Nam thdi gian qua, ddng thdi khac phuc nhung han che, ton tai, tiep tuc cai thien mdi trudng dau tu, tao moi dieu kien thuan lqi cho khu vuc kinh te FDI phat trien, ddng gop nhieu hon nua vao su phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Thu tu, luan van da de xuat nhung kien nghi can thuc hien de tang tinh kha thi viec thu hut FDI cua Han Qudc vao Viet Nam 104 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • Ngo Hoai Anh (2006), Quan ly nha nude doi vai linh vuc dau tu nude ngoai d nude ta hien Nong Viet Ctrong (2005), Kinh nghiem cdng qua trinh thu hut vdn dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua Trung Qudc, Tap chi Nghien ecru Dong Nam A, so Nguyen Thi My Dung (2009), Thu hut vdn dau tu phat trien khu cdng nghiep cao Hd Chi Minh Ngo Thu Ha, Chinh sach thu hut vdn dau tu nude ngoai vao Trung Qudc va khd nang van dung tai Viet Nam 2009 Nguyen Van Hao (2006), Thuc trang va giai phap de tang cudng thu hut vdn dau tuNhat Ban vao Viet Nam, Tap chi Thuong mai, so Nguyen Van Hao (2006), Cai thien mdi trudng de tang cudng thu hut vdn dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao Viet Nam, Tap chi Thuong mai, so Nguyen Thi Minh Hang (2011) Chinh sach tdi chinh vdi thu hut vdn dau tu nude ngoai dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te cua Viet Nam Hoang Van Huan (2005), Hoan thien chinh sach va gidi phap thu hut vdn dau tu true tiep nude ngoai d Viet Nam Vu Khoan (2009), Ky yeu dau tu nude ngoai tai Viet Nam : Vietnam's foreign investment outlook, NXB Van hoa Thong tin 10 Pham Ngoc Quyet (1996), Nhung gidiphap tdi chinh huy dong vdn nude de dau tuphat trien kinh te d Viet Nam 11 Ngo Thai Tan (2005), Luat Dau tu nude ngoai vao Viet Nam, NXB The giai 12 Nguyen Van Tai (2002), Thu hut dau tu nude ngoai de phat trien nganh cdng nghiep da giay Viet Nam 13 Nguyen Van Tuan (2005), Dau tic true tiep nude ngoai vdiphat trien kinh te d Viet Nam, NXB Tu phap 105 14 Vu Thi Thoa (2005), Vai tro cua kinh te cd vdn dau tu nudc ngoai qua trinh phat trien kinh te dr Viet Nam, Tap chi Kinh te va Phat trien, so 94 2005 15 Xom Xa At Un Xi Da, Hoan thien cac giai phap tai chinh thu hut vdn \ r r dau tu true tiep nude ngoai (FDI) tai Cong hoa dan chu Nhan dan Lao den nam 2010 16 Nien giam dau tu nuuc ngoai Viet Nam (2011), An pham phuc vu cho cac hoat dong xue tien dau tu qudc gia : = Vietnam foreign investment directory : A special publication for investment promotion activities thoughout the country, NXB Ha Noi 17 (1997), Luat dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam va hudng dan thi hemh, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia 18 Luat Dau tu nuoc ngoai tai Viet Nam (2004), Law on foreign investment in Vietnam: Tuyen tap cac vdn ban phap luat mdi nhat - Selection of latest legal documents, NXB The gioi 19 (1998), Lua chon va thuc hien chinh sach phat trien kinh te d Viet Nam : Sach tham khao, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia 106 PHU LUC DAU TU TRUC TIEP NLOC NGOAI TAI VIET NAM THEO DOI TAC (Luy ke cac dir an cdn hieu lye den 15/12/2011) TT Doi tac dau tu So du Tong von dau tu Von dieu le an dang ky (USD) (USD) Singapore 990 24,037,746,729 6,974,383,875 Han Quoc 3,112 23,960,527,196 8,208,900,961 Nhat Ban 1,669 23,595,359,810 6,777,532,817 Dai Loan 2,219 23,519,578,017 10,016,017,957 BritishVirginlslands 500 14,989,093,320 4,776,396,311 Hoa Ky 601 11,654,200,323 2,879,160,520 Hong Kong 658 10,969,573,543 3,621,044,073 Malaysia 394 9,379,676,303 3,786,639,689 Cayman Islands 53 7,501,825,912 1,489,330,422 10 Thai Lan 271 5,795,340,917 2,602,943,419