Đổi mới tổ chức quản lý ngành hàng không việt nam

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOO DAN aZ X A @ | vijA I | T(ur U'lpd | i l.l iuiW I i"> HiJ r?N [■ I LE MINH THU HOI MOI TO CHOC - QUAN LY TRONG NGANH HANG KHONG VIET NAM LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • Chuyen nganh Huong din khoa hoc : Kinh te - Chinh tri XHCN : T.S Dang Van Thing TH 33 Ha noi nam 2003 Loi cam an Ban luan van Thac si kinh te cua toi duoc hoan la ket qua cua qua trinh hoc tap, nghien cum cua ban than tai tru'bng Dai hoc Kinh te - Quoc dan TruCc tien toi xin cam on T S Dang Van Thang, ngubi Thay da gianh nhieu cong sUc HuCng dan giup toi hoan luan van Xin cam cm cac Thay, Co, ban Giam hieu Truomg Dai hoc Kinh te - Quoc dan Xin cam on cac ban nganh cua Cuc Hang khong dan dung Viet nam va cac ban dong nghiep da tao moi dieu kien giup toi hoan ban luan van HOC VIEN Le Minh Thu MUC LUC TRANG PHAN MC) DAU CHUONGI CO Sd LY LUAN CUA DOI Mdl TO CHUG - QUAN LY NGANH HANG KHONG TRONG QUA TRINH HINH THANH KINH TE THI TRUONG DINH HUONG XA HOI CHU NGHIA 1.1 1.1.1 TO CHUG - QUAN LY VA QUA TRINH DOI MCH TO CHUG - QUAN LY .5 To chiic quan ly la pham trii kinh te phan anh cac quan he kinh te - to chufc 1.1.1.1 To chitc - quan ly la mot mat cua quan he san xuat, duoc qui dinh boi quan he sb hitu 1.1.1.2 To chitc - quan ly la mot chinh the phitc hop cua nhieu ho phan, yeu to co quan he voi va duqc dieu phoi mot each 13 tit giac, theo nguyen tac nhat dinh 1.1.1.3 Hinh thitc to chitc - quan ly (mo hinh quan ly) phan anh quan he kinh te - to chitc, la phuong thitc thitc hien su phoi hop hoat dong cua cac khau cac bo phan va giita cac chu the 32 qua trinh quan ly 1.1.2 1.1.2.1 Doi moi to chuc - quan ly mot mat nhu la qua trinh van dong tu than, mat khac la hoat dong tu giac cua ngudi .35 Boi moi to chitc - quan ly Id qua trinh kinh te - qua trinh phat 35 trien cd tinh ke thita 1.1.2.2 Boi moi to chitc - quan ly khong phai la thay doi hinh thitc quan ly ma la su hien doi he thong cac quan he kinh te giita Nha nude voi doanh nghiep, giita cac chu the va cac vien voi dam bao suphoi hop theo co che nhat 35 dinh va sit kiem soat chat che cua Nha nude 1.2 TIEN DE CUA QUA TRINH DOI Mdl TO CHUC - QUAN LY NGANH HANG KHONG TRONG NEN KINH TE THI TRUONG DINH HUdNG XA HOI CHU NGHIA VIET 1.2.1 NAM .37 Trinh phat trien cua lire lirgng san xuat va phan cong lao 37 dong xa hoi 1.2.2 Tinh chat va mure hoan thien cua quan he san xuat 37 1.2.3 Co che van hanh cua nen kinh te va trinh hoan thien cua 39 co che kinh te 1.2.4 The che chinh tri va sir can thiep cua nha nude 1.2.4.1 Nganh HKDD Viet nam phat trien dieu kien moi trudng 40 chinh tri on dinh va kinh te — xa hoi phat trien ben vitng 1.2.4.2 Nganh HKDD Viet nam se phat trien co sit can thiep cua nha nude de hoi nhap quoc te va titng budc tang kha nang canh I tranh vdi nude ngoai tren thi tritdng hang khong the gidi 1.3 DAC THU CUA TO CHUC - QUAN LY TRONG NGANH HANG KHONG 1.3.1 41 To chuc - quan ly nganh hang khong la linh virc cd trinh xa hoi hoa cao, phoi hop hoat dong cua nhieu linh virc chuyen 41 mon, nhieu bo p han doc lap, nhieu quoc gia theo mot nguyen tac nhat dinh 1.3.2 To chuc - quan ly hoat dong cua nganh Hang khong la loai hinh dac thii gan lien qua trinh cung cap va tieu dimg cac 42 dich vu 1.3.3 To chuc - quan ly nganh Hang khong bao dam nguyen tac tuyet doi an toan cho doi tuong phuc vu, han che muc thap nhat cac rui ro 43 Hoat dong nganh Hang khong doi hoi co trinh to chUc - quan ly tap trung cao, chat che va khoa hoc dong thdi khong ngOng doi moi hoan thien tren co so ung dung cong nghe quan ly hien dai 46 KET LU AN CHUONG CHUONG II THUC TRANG PHUONG HUONG VA CAC GIAI PHAP Z /? Z X Z? Z A — THUC DAY QUA TRINH DOI MOI NHAM NANG CAO HIEU QUA HOAT DONG CUA NGANH HANG KHONG TRONG NEN KINH TE THI TRUONG DINH HUONG XA HOI CHU NGHIA Z 2.1 -49 z, X /? z Z X QUA TRINH DOI MOI TO CHUC - QUAN LY NGANH 49 HANG KHONG THANH TUU VA NHUNG HAN CHE 2.1.1 Mo hinh to chut - quan ly cua nganh hang khong co 49 che cu (trudc 1990) 2.1.2 Doi moi co che to chuc - quan ly nganh Hang khdng qua trinh chuyen sang co che thi trudng (to 1995 - 2000) 50 Titng bito'c doi moi bo may, phuong thftc hoat dong va hinh thftc to chftc- quan ly phu hop vfii su hinh cua kinh te 5Q thi trudng 2.2 Khai quat: nhung tuu tien bo, nhung kho khan, han che 54 can thao gd 2.2 PHUONG HUONG VA GlAl PHAp DAY NHANH QUA V Z? z _ Z? Z f Z X X TRINH DOI MOI TO CHUC - QUAN LY NGANH HANG KHONG VIET NAM 2.2 Quan diem co ban xac dinh phuong huong doi moi to chuc quan ly nganh Hang khong den nam 2010 .66 2.2.1.1 Doi moi theo huting tach biet chitc ndng quan ly vi md cua 66 Nha nittic voi chitc ndng kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep 2.2.1.2 Doi moi bo may quan ly theo huting tinh giam nhitng hieu qua (ft darn bao phoi hop thitc hien cac chitc ndng tren 2.2.1.3 Doi moi to chitc - quan ly theo tinh than cua Nghi quyet Trung itong khoa IX “Doi mtii, sap xep, tiep tuc phat trien cac doanh nghiep Nha nittic” 2.2.1.4 Doi moi md hinh Tong cong ty vtii cac don vi vien va 69 titng bittic tao dieu kien xay dung tap doan kinh te 2.2.1.5 Doi mtii to chitc - quan ly theo huting chu dong hoi nhap vao 72 thi truting dich vu Hang khong quoc te 2.2.2 Giai phap thuc day doi moi to chuc - quan ly nham nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua nganh Hang khong nen kinh te 7^ thi trudng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia 2.2.2.1 Cac giai phap tao dieu kien tien de : 2.2.2.2 Giai phap vi md : Tang cuong quan ly cua Nha nutic; xac dinh phuong huting muc tieu, tao hdnh lang phap ly; cac cong cu, chinh sach 2.2.2.3 Giai phap vi md : sap xep lai doanh nghiep dam bao quyen tu 39 chu, tu chiu trach nhiem ; canh tranh giita cac doanh nghiep 2.2.2.4 Doi mtii bo may quan ly, dam bao phoi hop chat che giita cac 92 chitc ndng quan ly vi md va quan ly vi md 2.2.2.5 Dao tao doi ngu can bo quan ly kinh te cd du ndng luc thitc hien doi moi, vtii tu each vita la chii the dong thtii vita la khach 97 the ciia qua trinh 2.2.3 Cac dieu kien de dam bao thuc hien cac giai phap PHAN KET LUAN 97 98 PHAN MO DAU - Tinh cap thiet cua de tai: Hang khong la nganh kinh te - ky thuat co trinh tap trung cao hoat dong tren pham vi rong ldn mang tfnh quoc te hoa Do la nganh gom nhieu linh virc, nhieu khau duqc chuyen mon hoa dira tren trinh phat trien cao cua khoa hoc cong nghe Tat ca cac khau cac bo phan phoi hop vdi va co sir kiem soat het sire chat che nham dam bao nguyen tac an toan tuyet doi cho cac dich vu cua Hang khong Sir phat trien cua nganh hang khong la mot nhung tieu chuain quan danh gia trinh phat trien cua mot quoc gia Hang khong nude ta kem phat trien so vdi cac nude phat trien tren the gidi, hon nua chua thoat khdi anh hudng cua co che ke hoach tap trung quan lieu bao cap Qua trinh doi mdi dat nude dat doi vdi nganh Hang khong nude ta nhung co hoi de phat trien nhung cung khong ft kho khan Trong to chirc - quan ly cua nganh la khau gap nhieu lung tung va bat cap chua phan dinh cu the giua chirc nang quan ly cua Nha nude voi kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep, bo may quan ly cong kenh hoat dong kem hieu qua, mo hinh quan ly chua hinh duqc co che phoi hop cac bo phan dua tren co so phat huy dong lire kinh te, cac hinh thirc to chirc quan ly cham doi mdi khong phu hop vdi yeu cau phat trien cua kinh te thi trudng Tiep tuc doi mdi theo tinh than nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua nganh Hang khong nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng Xa hoi chii nghia, dong thdi tirng budc chu dong hoi nhap vdi nganh Hang khong cua cac quoc gia khu virc va the gidi Tren y nghia ma xet, de gop phan lam sang to co so ly luan, co so thuc ti6n va phuong hudng giai phap nham thuc day qua trinh doi mdi to chirc - quan ly nganh Hang khong nude ta Tac gia lua chon d£ tai nghien curu “ Doi mdi To churc - Quan ly nganh Hang khong Viet Nam”, cac tac gia da nghien cun den linh virc ve to chirc hoac quan ly ve nganh Hang khong nhu: Nguyen Thanh Ha “Doi mdi co che quan ly Nha nude nham nang cao hieu qua cac Cang hang khong - san bay d Viet nam - 1997”, NguySn Thanh Son “ Hoan thien to churc, bo may quan ly cua Tong cong ty hang khong Viet nam - 2001” 2 - Muc dich nghien ciiu : - Lam ro ban chat cua pham tru To chiic - Quan ly he thong quan he kinh te, cac yeu to cau va chi phoi su van dong hinh thiic To chiic - Quan ly - Luan giai khoa hoc doi mdi to chiic - quan ly la qua trinh lien tuc va khong ngitag duqc hoan thien phu hop vdi co che van hanh cua nen kinh te, qua vach nhirng qua trinh co tfnh qui luat cua doi mdi to chiic - quan ly - Phan tich lam sang to, doi mdi to chiic - quan ly nganh Hang khong mot mat la doi hoi phat trien cua nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia, mat khac phai phu hop vdi dac thu hoat dong cua nganh Hang khong cua nude ta - Dtra tren co so phan tich thirc trang to chuc - quan ly cua nganh Hang khong nude ta, la co so thuc tidn nham doi mdi toan dien, manh me va sau sSc he thong to chiic - quan ly nganh hang khong Doi mdi ca mo hinh lSn bo may quan ly, ca co che phoi hop lln cac chinh sach .nham nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua nganh Hang khong nude ta - Doi twang va pham vi nghien mill : - Doi tuqng nghien ciiu cua de tai la doi mdi to chiic - quan ly Song to chiic - quan ly ban than nd la he thong phiic tap la doi tuqng nghien ciiu cua nhieu mon khao hoc kinh te Tir giac cua Kinh te - chinh tri hoc nghien ciiu to chiic - quan ly vdi tu each la mot pham tru kinh te, la nhirng quan he kinh te - to chiic he thong quan he san xuat xa hoi - Nghien ciiu to chiic - quan ly mot mat coi nd nhu la mot qua trinh van dong tu than, mat khac yeu cau hinh va phat trien kinh te thi trudng xa hoi chu nghia d nude ta - Doi mdi to chiic - quan ly la van de rong ldn lien quan den nhieu nganh nhieu linh vuc va d nhieu cap khac - xet ve khong gian; dong thdi doi mdi la qua trinh lau dai tir thap den cao tir chua hoan thien den hoan thien - xet ve thdi gian Trong khuon kho cua de tai nghien ciiu duqc gidi han doi mdi to chiic - quan ly nganh Hang khong tir den nam 2010 - Phuong phap nghien cftu : - Suf dung phuong phap vat bien chung va vat lich su de nghien cun cac van de kinh te - Su dung phuong phap triu tuqng hoa khoa hoc ket hop lich su va Id gfch de phan tich cac moi lien he ben va tfnh qui luat van dong cua cac qua trinh kinh te - Phuong phap phan tich thong ke : chon mSu, phan to, doi chieu so sanh - Phuong phap du bao, du doan dua tren can cii khoa hoc 5- Nhitng dong gop khoa hoc cua luan van Luan van se he thong lai nhung van de co ban ve To chitc - quan ly nhat la nhung noi dung cua to chute, quan ly va cac nhan to anh hudng Nghien curu nhung van de chung nhat cua to chirc - quan ly Tren co so phan tich thuc trang cua nganh hang khong, Tong cong ty hang khong Viet nam vdi nhung iru diem cung nhung han che va nguyen nhan ton tai, luan van se de xuat mot so giai phap gop phan doi mdi to chirc - quan ly nganh hang khong Viet nam nen kinh te thi trubng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia - Ket cau cua luan van gom : /*> PHAN MO HAU PHAN NOI DUNG CHUONGI: CO Sd LY LUAN CUA DOI MOI TO CHUC - QUAN LY NGANH HANG KHONG TRONG QUA TRINH HINH THANH KINH TE THI TRUONG DINH HUONG XA HOI CHU NGHIA CHUONG II: THUC TRANG PHUONG HUONG VA CAC GIAI PHAP THUC DAY Z _ z? K ZS Z, ZS Z\ QUA TRINH DOI MOI NHAM NANG CAO HIEU QUA HOAT DONG X X Z\ zfr A.z -X , CUA NGANH HANG KHONG TRONG NEN KINH TE THI TRUONG DINH HUONG XA HOI CHU NGHIA PhAn KET LUAN kinh doanh, phat huy the manh canh tranh, doi hoi to chiic bo may quan ly phai duqc hoan thien phu hop 2.2.23 Gidi phap vi md : sap xep lai doanh nghiep dam bao quyen tu chu, tu chiu trach nhiem ; canh tranh giua cac doanh nghiep a ) Dinh hudng, xdp xep, phat trien doanh nghiep nhd nudc hoat ddng kinh doanh va doanh nghiep hoat ddng cong ich nganh hang khong * Doi vdi doanh nghiep hoat dong kinh doanh: + Nha nudc giu 100% von doi vdi cac doanh nghiep hoat dong kinh doanh linh vuc doc quyen nhu quan ly cac co sd tang ky thuat hang khong , cac bo phan lien quan den quan ly dieu hanh bay, an ninh, an toan bay + Nha nudc giu co phan chi phoi hoac giu 100% von doi vdi cac cong ty hoat ddng kinh doanh linh vuc cung ling nhien lieu, Hang hang khong, kinh doanh dich vu thuong mai, ve sinh moi trudng tai cac cang hang khong + Viec lap mdi cac don vi vien cua Tong cong ty chu yeu se thuc hien dudi hinh thiic cong ty co phan Chi lap mdi don vi vien 100% von nha nudc doi vdi bo phan thuoc linh vuc ma nha nudc can giu doc quyen hoac cac phan kinh te khac khong muon hay khong cd kha nang tham gia * Doi vdi doanh nghiep hoat dong cong fch + Nha nudc giu 100% von hoac co phan chi phoi doi vdi cac doanh nghiep hoat dong cong ich nganh hang khong nhirng hoat dong tai cac vi tri, dia ban chien luqc quan nhu : Cung cap dich vu soi chieu an ninh hang khong, dam bao co sd han tang ky thuat nhu nha ga, dudng bang san dd tau bay, cac trung tam dieu hanh kiem soat khong luu tren pham vi ca nudc + Phat trien khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep thuoc cac phan kinh te khac tham gia cac hoat dong cong ich theo dung phap luat cua nha nudc b ) Cac giai phap thuc hien: * Ve co sd phap ly: Tao moi trudng phap ly thuan loi va ddng bo cho viec to chiic va hoat dong cua cac loai hinh kinh doanh Sira doi, bo sung co che, chinh sach ve doanh nghiep 88 Nha nudc Tao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep Nha nutfc dupe to chiic va hoat dong theo luat doanh nghiep, cu the la: + Sira doi, bo sung luat doanh nghiep nha nudc, bao gdm cac noi dung vd tap doan kinh te nha nudc; cu the hoa mo hinh to chiic va chiic nang, nhiem vu cua chu sd huu doi vdi doanh nghiep nha nudc Sira doi cac van ban phap luat lien quan den dau tu , pha san doanh nghiep , doanh nghiep nha nudc hoat dong cong ich, co phan hoa doanh nghiep, v.v + Ben canh nhung van ban lien quan den doi mdi va phat trien doanh nghiep nha nudc (canh tranh va chong doc quyen, kiem toan, sir dung von Nha nudc dau tu vao kinh doanh) Xac dinh rd chiic nang quan ly Nha nudc doi vdi doanh nghiep, quyen dai dien chu sd huu va quyen kinh doanh Thanh phan Hoi dong quan tri Tap doan phai cd dai dien cua cac doanh nghiep vien nong cot cua tap doan (cung ling cac san pham dich vu va chuyen nganh) * Giai phap ve to chiic: Kien toan to chiic doi vdi co quan quan ly nha nudc chuyen nganh ve hang khong dan dung tren co sd mot phan bp may hien cua Cue hang khong dan dung Viet nam Thanh lap bo may to chiic cua Tap doan hang khong tren co sd mot phan bp may hien cua Cue hang khong dan dung Viet nam, cua Tdng cong ty hang khong viet nam, Trung tam quan ly bay dan dung Viet nam va cac Cum cang hang khong khu virc midn Bac, mien Trung, mien Nam Thanh lap Cong ty tai chinh cua Tap doan de thuc hien chiic nang huy dong va dieu hoa von cua Tap doan Hoi dong qaun tri sir dung Cong ty tai chinh de dieu tiet von cua Tap doan doi vdi cac vien Cac cong ty khac dupe lap theo sir xem xet cua Hoi dong quan tri Thi diem thuc hien md hinh cong ty me - pham vi mot so' don vi vien hach toan doc lap cua Tap doan Phan loai va sap xep cac don vi vien cua Tdng cong ty hang khong Viet nam, cac Cum cang hang khong khu vuc de tao tien de cho cong ty hoa va sir ly cac don vi vien hach toan phu thuoc 89 * Giai phap ve tai chinh : Xac dinh ro va cd cau lai von cua Tap doan va von cua cac doanh nghiep vien true thuoc Tap doan hang khong + Phan von Ngan sach Nha nudc giao ban dau hoac bo sung la von cua Tap doan dau tu vao cac doanh nghiep vien + PhSn von cac doanh nghiep vien tu tich luy, tu di vay la von cua cac vien Phan loi nhuan phan bo vao qui dau tu phat trien duoc phan hai loai: phan duqc coi la von ngan sach nha nudc tang them va phan duqc coi la von cua ban than doanh nghiep Tap doan cd toan quyen quyet dinh viec sir dung va dieu chuyen phan von ngan sach Nha nudc; cac doanh nghiep quyet dinh phan von cua vien huy dong hoac tu tich luy Xac lap co che hoat dong cua Cong ty tai chinh tap doan * Giai phap ve san xuat kinh doanh: Doi mdi to chtrc san xuat cua noi bo cac doanh nghiep vien va thiet lap quan he lien ket chat che ve lqi ich kinh te giua cac vien cua Tap doan Han che canh tranh bita bai va su doc quyen Ket hqp chuyen mon hoa vdi da dang hoa va md rong san xuat kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep vien Tap doan 2.2.23 Boi moi bo may quan ly, dam bao phoi hop chat che giita cac chiic nang quan ly vi md va quan ly vi mo a.) xac dinh rd chiic nang quan ly ciia nha nudc doi vai doanh nghiep Hang khdng Chiic nang quan ly nha nudc doi vdi nganh hang khong la : Xay dung va hoan thien khung phap ly va ban hanh chinh sach va co che quan ly doi vdi doanh nghiep hoat dong kinh doanh va doanh nghiep hoat dong cong ich nganh Hang khdng ; xay dung qui hoach va dao tao doi ngu can bo cot can cho Tong cdng ty ; tra, kiem tra viec chap hanh phap luat, che qui dinh cua nha nudc tai tong cdng ty hang khdng Kien quyet cham diit tinh trang co quan hanh chinh nha nudc can thiep true tiep, cu the vao hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua nganh, phan dinh rd quyen 90 quan ly hanh chfnh kinh te cua nha nudc va quyen quan ly kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep Co quan quan ly nha nudc can cii vao qui dinh cua phap luat va yeu cau quan ly ma ban hanh ddng bo he thong van ban phap qui de thuc hien chiic nang quan ly nha nudc doi vdi cac doanh nghiep Hang khong b.) Phan dinh rd quyen cua cd quan nhd nudc thuc hien chuc ndng chu sd hieu doi vdi cac doanh nghiep Kien nghi Chfnh phu thong nhat quan ly va to chiic thirc hien cac quydn cua chu sd huu doi vdi doanh nghiep Chii sd huu cd quyen : lap,, sap nhap, chia tach, chuyen doi sd hiiu; ban hanh dieu le miu to chiic hoat dong cua doanh nghiep Bo nhiem midn nhiem khen thuong, ky luat cac chiic danh quan ly chii chot Quyet dinh muc tieu, nhiem vu, chien lupc phat trien va ke hoach trung, dai han cua doanh nghiep Phe duyet cac du an dau tu Qui dinh nguyen tdc phan phoi lpi nhuan sau thue Kiem tra, giam sat thuc hien cac muc tieu, nhiem vu nha nudc giao va hieu qua hoat dong cua doanh nghiep Hoi ddng quan tri Tong cong ty thirc hien quyen sd huu cua nha nudc phu hop vdi loai hinh doanh nghiep dam bao phai cd to chiic hoac ca nhan dupe giao quyen dai dien nha nudc lam chu sd hiru true tieep vdi nhiem vu, quydn han, quyen lpi va trach nhiem ro rang qua trinh a.) To chitc lao ddng khoa hoc cho lao dong quan ly - Phan dinh rd rang chiic nang nhiem vu cac don vi, chiic trach, quyen han cua tiing vi tri chiic danh cong viec cua cac cap quan ly Khong de mdi vi tri can bo quan ly phai dam duong qua nhieu vi tri kiem tra giam sat ddng thdi tao dung mdi quan he phoi hop hoat dong, bao cao, cung cap thong tin gifra nhung ca nhan, gitra cac nhom cong tac va cac bo phan quan ly Vdi dpi ngu can bo quan ly cua Tong Cong ty thi viec quan dau tien la xay dung dupe he thong tieu chuan chiic danh can bo cho tiing vi tri can bo quan ly, 91 x&y dung va ban hanh quy che thirc hien viec bo tri, sSp xep, luan chuyen, dao tao bdi dudng can bo quan ly thdng nhat toan Tdng Cong ty - Ket qua khao sat nghien ciiu gan 100 can bo quan ly cua Tdng Cong ty cho thay cong viec hang ngoai viec phan cong viec cho cac nhan vien thuoc quyen thi viec thuc hien cac cong viec chuyen mon la mot nhung cong viec ma can bo quan ly phai thuc hien nhieu nhat (vdi 51,43% sd ngudi duoc hoi) didu cho thay viec phan cong cong viec chiem vai trd rat quan nhung ngudi quan ly da phai tap trung thdi gian qua nhieu cho cong viec chuyen mon, se han che dieu kien thuc hien cac chiic nang quan khac: lap ke hoach, thiet ke cong viec cua bo phan, quan he vdi khach hang, phoi hop vdi don vi ban, dao tao bdi dudng nhan vien va tu dao tao vay viec xay dung tieu chuan chiic danh cong viec dong thdi gSn vdi trach nhiem thuc hien nhiem vu duoc giao va xay dung mdi quan he cong viec, hop tac vdi cac bo phan khac - Tieu chuan hoa thdng nhat he thdng may moc, trang thiet bi phuong tien lam viec cho can bo quan ly, bao dam cho cac can bo quan ly cd du phuong tien lam viec de ndm bat kip thdi day du cac thdng tin kinh doanh, ve chinh sach quan ly cua nha nudc va du phuong tien de quan ly dieu hanh hoat dong cua bo phan day la mot yeu cau quan nhat la hoat dong mot nganh kinh te ky thuat cao - Bo tri du can bo dap ling yeu cau nhiem vu, xay dung ke hoach dai han va nhat quan viec dieu dong bo nhiem, chinh sach luan chuyen can bo, dao tao, tir dao tao va dao tao lai can bo quan ly b.) Xay dung he thdng tieu chuan chute danh cong viec cho cac vi tri thuoc he thdng lao dong quan ly - He thdng tieu chuan chiic danh can bo quan ly cac cap Tren co sd khao sat, danh gia doi ngu can bo lanh dao quan ly cao cap, 92 trung ca'p hidn tai, nhu cdu phat trien cua Tong Cong ty va thi trudng kinh doanh xay dung he thong tieu chuan chiic danh can bo quan ly cac ca'p: Cao cap, Trung cap, tham muu giup viec thira hanh tren co so nhung tieu thiic co ban • Dao tao co ban • Dao tao chuyen nganh hang khdng, ngoai ngu • Dao tao ve ly luan chinh tri, quan ly hanh chinh • Kinh nghiem chuyen mon chuyen nganh, quan ly - Xay dung va to chiic thuc hien tot quy che quan ly can bo, vien chiic: Ban hanh va to chiic thuc hien quy che quan ly can bo bao gdm day du cac khau: Quy hoach, Tao nguon phat trien, dao tao bdi dudng, to chiic thuc hien thong nhat va ddng bo tir ca'p co so den cap Tong Cong ty - He thong danh gia can bo quan ly: Day la nhiem vu rat quan va can thidt khdng the khdng lam nhung vide thuc hien thuc te thudng it duoc quan tam va kho thuc hien, neu td chiic khdng tot se tro hinh thiic, gia tao De thuc hien tot edn td chiic cac khau sau: • Cac cong viec duqc md ta day du, chi tiet, ro rang cu the cho timg vi tri cdng tac cua can bo quan ly cac cap • Xay dung cac tieu chudn, yeu cau cua cdng viec doi vdi ngudi thuc hien • Luqng hoa cac tieu thiic danh gia ket qua thuc hien cdng viec cua mdi ngudi, mdi chiic danh quan ly • Xay dung he thong cham diem, danh gia on dinh, cu the • Cd chinh sach, quy dinh ro rang ve viec sir dung ket qua danh gia: binh xet, de bat, dieu dong bo tri sap xep, la co sd de dao tao, phat trien nguon nhan luc 93 - Hoan thien cong tac dao tao can bo quan ly cua Tong Cong ty: Tren co so tieu chuan chiic danh cong viec cua timg vi tri cong tac, ke hoach sir dung lao dong, boi duong luan chuyen xay dung va to chiic thuc hien cac ke hoach dao tao cua toan Tong Cong ty thong nhat, ddng bo, dai han va nhat quan dap ling yeu cau san xuat kinh doanh, nang cao trinh can bo quan ly, thirc hien tot cac khau sau: - Xac dinh nhu cau dao tao: dao tao mdi, dao tao lai, dao tao bo sung ky nang luu y quan la dao tao bo sung ky nang cho can bo quan ly Trong nganh hang khong noi chung nhu cau sir dung ngoai ngu va may vi tinh cong viec hang rat ldn doi vdi can bo quan ly nhung theo ket qua khao sat chi cd 11,42% can bo quan ly dap ling nhu cau sir dung ngoai ngu cong viec va 17,14% can bo quan ly cd the sir dung may vi tinh phuc vu cong viec quan ly didu hanh - Xay dung chien luqc dao tao dai han va dong bo: To chiic co quan quan ly dao tao thong nhat toan Tong Cong ty, xay dung chien luqc dao tao va gdn lien chat che vdi chien luqc phat trien ngudn nhan luc Tren co sd ke hoach dai han trien khai chi tiet ke hoach dao tao hang nam va timg nganh nghe, doi tuqng dao tao Danh gia hieu qua cong tac dao tao: Xac dinh hieu qua sau dao tao la mot nhiem vu rat quan va cd y nghia ldn phat trien ngudn nhan luc va thuc hien cac noi dung khac nham quan tri tot hon ngudn nhan lire Dao tao duqc coi nhu mot khoan dau tu va vay cd nhieu phuong phap, each thirc khac danh gia hieu qua cong tac dao tao: Danh gia tir phia can bo quan ly true tiep, danh gia cua ban than ngubi hoc, mire dap ling yeu cau nhiem vu sau dao tao, danh gia tir ket qua kiem tra sau khoa hoc, mile dap irng ngudn nhan lire, dung do'i tuqng, thdi gian, phu hop vdi yeu cdu ) Tang ctfdng cd sd vat chat ky thuat cho cong tac quan ly c - He thong trang thiet bi phuc vu cong tac quan ly: Xay dung he thong tieu chuan tdi thieu va dam bao cung cap 94 - Trang thiet bi thdng tin, tin hoc va he thdng chtrong trinh pham mem phuc vu cong tac phan tfch, danh gia thi trudng, quan ly va danh gia hieu qua kinh doanh - To chirc ngan hang dir lieu kinh doanh va che khai thac, quy dinh sir dung vao muc dich kinh doanh, che dam bao bi mat kinh doanh - Quy hoach va ke hoach dao tao, dao tao lai doi ngu lao dong quan ly cua Tong Cong ty HKVN bao gom cac khau quan trong: Cong tac quan ly can bo, XSy dtrng ke hoach bdi dudng can bo, Xay dung he thdng chuong trinh dao tao can bo quan ly dap ling yeu cau cong viec De trien khai thuc hien duoc cac giai phap tren Tdng Cong ty HKVN can xay dtrng duoc ke hoac phat trien ngudn nhan luc dai han Hang khong la mot nganh kinh doanh yeu cau cao, mot sd nganh nghe can thdi giai dao tao dai, didu kien hanh nghe - tieu chuan khai thac yeu cau chat che nhu ngudi lai, ky thuat may bay vay, tren co cd chien luoc kinh doanh, chu truong khai thac doi may bay, muc tieu phat trien mang dudng bay ke hoach phat trien dai han, ke hoach phat trien ngudn nhan luc can duoc quan tam dau tu dung miic, viec ma den hau nhu Tdng Cong ty HKVN chua thuc hien duoc - Ddng thdi, tang cudng cong tac dao tao bdi dudng can bo quan ly cung la mot nhiem vu cap thiet, nang cao chat luqng doi ngu can bo quan ly la rat quan trong viec hoan thien to chirc bo may Can bo quan ly cac cap cua Tdng Cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam phai vung vang ve chuyen mon, hieu biet ve mdi trudng kinh doanh va xu the phat trien cua nganh va nhat la phai khong ngirng duoc cap nhat nhung kien thirc quan ly, hoc hoi phuong thdc quan ly cua cac hang hang khong tien tien khu vuc va tren the gidi Yeu cau dat doi vdi viec phat trien ngudn nhan luc phai xuat phat tir yeu cau, nhiem vu tirng giai doan; phat trien doi ngu lao dong du ve sd luqng, hop ly ve co cau, dat tieu chuan quoc te ve trinh doi vdi cac loai lao dong 95 dac thu hang khong, thao ngoai ngu, biet lam viec tot co che thi trudng , co ban linh chinh tri vung vang Cac chinh sach ve lao dong phai bao dam phat huy cao nhat nhan to ngudi, hoat dong vi hieu qua vi khach hang Chinh sach can bo phai dam bao yeu cau chu dong, co qui hoach cu the, dap ling ca nhiem vu trudc mat va lau dai; chu dao tao, bdi dudng dao tao nguon can bo doi dao, du tieu chuan de kip thdi dap ting yeu cau theo tinh than noi dung Nghi quyet Hoi nghi Trung uong khoa VIII ve chien luqc can bo thdi ky day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc Bo nhiem sip xep can bo dung ngudi, dung luc, dung vi tri, dung tam tieu chuan can bo quan ly ciia Nha nudc va cua nganh; Hoan thien qui trinh bo nhiem, midn nhiem can bo cua Tap doan; dung nhirng ngudi cd due cd tai; tirng budc tre hoa doi ngu can bo , ddng thdi cd chinh sach tri, sir dung can bo cd kinh nghiem va cd trinh cao; chu bdi dudng doi ngu can bo trudng tir cdng tac thuc tien tai cac don vi Can cii vao dac diem phat trien cua Tap doan Hang khdng tirng giai doan, lap ke hoach luan chuyen can bo theo mot qui trinh chat che vdi chinh sach, che thfch hop nham sir dung can bo cd hieu qua va tao nen sir ddng deu doi ngu can bo, ddng thdi coi nhu mot hinh thiic dao tao doi vdi can bo quan ly Chinh sach dao tao, bdi dudng can bo: Quan diem la phai cd ke hoach dao tao bdi dudng thudng xuyen ca ve trinh ly luan chinh tri cung nhu chuyen mon nghiep vu Cdng tac dao tao cung phai can cii vao qui hoach doi ngu can bo, lao dong, bao dam so luong, co cau lao dong va he tieu chuan chiic danh Chinh sach dao tao cua Tap doan hang khong la phai ket hop dao tao mdi vdi dao tao nang cao, chu dao tao lao dong cd trinh quan ly va chuyen mon cao, dao tao doi ngu giao vien de tian tdi tu dao tao ve lau dai, Tap doan hang khdng khong tu dao tao co ban ma sir dung cac hinh thiic phoi hop , hop tac vdi cac trudng dai hoc , cac co so va ngoai nudc; cac chuong trinh dao tao phai dap ling duoc yeu cau don trudc tiep can nhanh trinh quoc te, bao dam khai thac, sir dung cac phuong tien the he mdi cd hieu qua 96 Dao tao can bo quan ly: bao dam tat ca can bo quan ly cac cap deu phai co trinh dai hoc vdi chuyen mon phu hop , ngoai bo tuc nang cao ve quan ly kinh te, ly luan chfnh tri, ngoai ngu, tin hoc Dao tao ngud lai: bao dam dap ling nhu cau cang cao ve ngubi lai cua Tap doang hang khong vbi trinh bay tren cac loai may bay hien dai nhu Airbus, Boeing, co kha nang khai thac duqc b tat ca cac diem den cua hang khong Viet nam; chu dao tao co ban cd bang, chiing chi phu hop vdi yeu cau quoc te; ngoai ra, can thiet phai dao tao mot so phi cong giao vien de tu dao tao va phe chuan kiem tra trinh Tir nam 2003 xay dung trung tam huan luyen - chuyen loai ngubi lai, nhan vien hang khong theo tieu chuan quoc te va phat trien trung tam trung tam khu vuc giai doan 2007-2010 Dao tao can bo ky thuat: dao tao mbi va dao tao lai theo hubng chuyen dan sang cong nghe mbi Trong khoang 3-5 nam cd du so luqng cd chiing chi quoc te, bao dubng va sura chua cac may bay cua Viet nam va dap ling cac yeu cau ve dich vu ky thuat may bay cho cac Hang hang khong nirbc ngoai Chinh sach tuyen dung: thuc hien che dan chu cong khai viec tuyen chon lao dong , viec tuyen chon theo hubng chuyen mon hoa, cd du tieu chuan chuyen mon, nghiep vu theo timg chiic danh; thuc hien viec thi tuyen cong chiic, vien chiic; chuyen dich co cau doi ngu lao dong theo hudng tang ty cua cac khu vuc true tiep san xuat kinh doanh, tang ty can bo cd trinh dai hoc tro len 2.2.3 Cac dieu kien de dam bao thirc hien cac giai phap - De dam bao mbi trudng on dinh cho hoat dong cua nganh hang khong dan dung va tranh phai thay doi qua nhibu lan mb hinh to chiic - quan ly thi can phai thiet ke, xay dung mot mb hinh tot, cd kha nang phu hop lau dai Can phai xem xet than trong, khoa hoc, khach quan de cac budc trien khai mot each hop ly, tranh gay xao tron ldn lam anh hudng den hoat dong cua cac don vi toan nganh - Ngoai chiic nang quan ly chuyen nganh hang khong duqc sap nhap ve bo Giao thong van tai Khoi kinh doanh van tai hang khong duqc xay dung theo mb hinh tong cong ty Vi vay kien nghi cac co quan quan ly Nha nudc xay dung va ban hanh hudng dan cu the ve viec to chiic bau 97 cu, phe chuan co cau, tieu chusin chiic danh can bo quan ly cac tong cong ty Nha nudc la Hoi dong quan tri, ban kiem soat Nghi dinh 39/CP ban hanh dieu le m&u hoat dong cua cac tong cong ty 90,91 co qui dinh chiic nang cua bo may hoi dong quan tri vdi nhiem ky la nam nhung den chua co van ban hudng dan each thiic bau, bo nhiem, thay the, each chiic cac vien cua hoi dong quan tri nhu the nao De to chiic hoat dong ne nep Nha nudc sdm trien khai cu the viec to chiic thuc hien qui hoach to chiic bo may hoi dong quan tri cua cac tdng cong ty 90,91 bang cac van ban hudng dan cua chinh phu va cac bo nganh The che hoa nhung qui dinh ve tham quyen, chiic nang nhiem vu va vai trd quan ly cua Cue hang khong dan dung Viet nam Bo Giao thong vaan tai doi vdi chien lupc phat trien va hoat dong kinh doanh cua tdng cong ty hang khong Viet nam, co che hoat dong quyet dinh den chien lupc phat trien dau tu dai han, dinh hudng phat trien dpi tau bay va mang dudng bay cua hang khong Viet nam Vi vay kien nghi ddi mdi to chiic nganh hang khong theo md hinh tdng cong ty Trong dieu kien canh tranh quoc te gay gat nhu hien nay, can cd chinh sach bao ho cac doanh nghiep van tai hang khong nudc de cac doanh nghiep cd du dieu kien tdn tai va phat trien Nha nudc kiem soat gia cudc nen can cii vao quan he cung - cau tren thi trudng van tai hang khong ma cd xem xet den cac yeu to lien quan nhu chi phi san xuaat, gia cudc cac loai hinh van tai khac, vi gia cudc la cong cu dieu tiet cung cau tren thi trudng van tai hang khong nudc, nen can cd gia cudc phu hpp vdi timg dudng bay va khu vuc bay Dieu cd anh hudng nhat dinh den co chd dieu hanh hoat dong chung cua toan nganh Tang cudng cac chinh sach ve hpp tac quoc te nhu dau tu nudc ngoai, di chuyen lao dong lmh virc cung anh hudng den chinh sach phat trien ngudn nhan luc chien lupc doi mdi to chiic - quan ly nganh hang khong va cd tac dong tich circ den hoat dong kinh doanh cua nganh ben canh dd tang cudng hpp tac tren cac linh virc chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa, xa hoi cung la cac nhan to thuc day nganh hang khong on dinh va phat trien 98 - Xay dung mot he thong phap luat ddng va nhat quan nhlm tao nen mot hanh lang phap ly on dinh, tao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep Viet nam cung nhu nudc ngoai kinh doanh tren thi trudng Viet nam, dieu rat quan la cdn cd day du cac van ban dudi luat de hudng din, giai thfch, lam ro luat hang khdng dan dung va hudng din luat hang khdng dan dung - Don gian hoa thu tuc hanh chinh, kien toan bo may to chiic cac nganh, cac cap theo hudng gon nhe va hieu luc, thuc hien nguyen tic mot ciia, khic phuc su chong cheo Don gian hoa thu tuc xuat nhap canh, hai quan, dac biet la str ket hqp chat che giua cac bo, cac nganh nhim don gian hoa thu tuc van chuyen hang khong quoc te, cd chinh sach uu dai khuyen khfch nhu cau van chuyen bing dudng hang khong KET LUAN : Hang khdng dan dung la nganh kinh te - ky thuat hien dai va nang dong, la mot he thong kinh te - xa hoi phiic tap gdm cac yeu td cau cd quan he chat che vdi ve cdng nghe : van tai hang khong ddng vai tro nong cot, nhung sir hoat dong cua nd cin cd su hd trq cua cac dich vu hang khdng ddng bo nhu dich vu san bay, quan ly bay va ky thuat thuong mai hang khong Vai nd true tiep tao nguon thu va lqi nhuan cao cho nen kinh te quoc dan, trudc het la nguon thu ngoai te, hd trq cho su phat trien kinh te - xa hoi noi chung, trudc het la cac nganh du lich, thuong mai, cong nghe che bien ; phat trien giao liru kinh te va xa hoi giua cac nganh nudc va vdi quoc te ; la luc luqng hau bi cho quoc phong, cung cd an ninh ; la ciia khau hang khdng cho dat nudc qua trinh thuc hien chinh sach md ciia va hoi nhap quoc te De dap ling day du hon nhu cau cang tang va da dang cdng cuoc phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua dat nudc theo hudng cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dieu kien quoc te hoa rong rai va canh tranh gay gat tren thi trudng hang khdng nudc va quoc te Nganh hang khdng Viet nam can khdng ngimg duqc dau tu nang cap va phat trien hai hoa giua cac linh vuc hoat dong (van tai hang khdng, cac dich vu san bay va quan ly bay, cac dich vu ky thuat 99 thuong mai va kinh doanh ddng bo) va giua cac yeu to ngudn luc(co sd vat chat, cong nghe von, nhan luc va thi truong) To chiic - quan ly cua hang khong Viet nam da trai qua bao nhieu thay doi qua cac thdi , tir chd true thuoc Bo Quoc phong tach true thuoc Chfnh phu, sau dd true thuoc Bo Giao thong van tai, roi lai true thuoc Chfnh phu, tiep dd lai lap Hang hang khong quoc gia Viet nam, tiep la lap tong cong ty hang khong Viet nam, roi lai true thuoc Bo Giao thong van tai, tiep lai true thuoc Chfnh phu va bay gid lai ve Bo Giao thong van tai Dieu gay kho khan rat ldn cho hoat dong cua nganh hang khong Trong dieu kien canh tranh rat quyet liet nhu hien linh vuc hang khong thi ngoai chien luoc kinh doanh dung dan, str dau tu von va nhan luc thi thuc hien doi mdi to chiic - quan ly nganh hang khong cd y nghia quyet dinh den str bai cua mot doanh nghiep Yeu to cang cd y nghia didu kien rat kho khan ve von, ky thuat nhu nganh hang khong Viet nam Tom lai, doi vdi nganh hang khong can phai doi mdi to chiic - quan ly dieu kien phat trien kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia de thuc hien tot hai chiic nang : chiic nang quan ly nha nude ve chuyen nganh hang khong va chiic nang kinh doanh van tai hang khong ; doi vdi chiic nang qua ly nha nudc ve chuyen nganh hang khong thang 9/2002 da duoc Nha nudc sdp xep, cung co bang viec chuyen ve Bo Giao thong van tai ; viec thuc hien chiic nang kinh doanh van tai hang khong thi viec doi mdi to chiic - quan ly Tong cong ty hang khong Viet nam theo dd Hang hang khong quoc gia la doanh nghiep doc lap, xay dung co che quan ly giua cac don vi vien theo md hinh cong ty me, cong ty tren co sd hinh cac mdi lien ket kinh te ve tai chfnh, quyen loi va nghia vu giua cac don vi vien de thuc sir phat huy siic manh cua doanh nghiep cung nhu dt£y manh su phat trien chung cua toan nganh hang khong Viet nam 100 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Joyce Kiko - Cai each co cau nen kinh te the gidi Vien nghien ciiu khoa hoc - Ha noi 1991 Luong Xuan Quy - Co che kinh te thi trudng va vai trd cua nha nudc ndn kinh te Viet nam NXB thong ke - Ha noi 1996 Chuong trinh KX 030405 Co che thi trudng va he thong cac cong cu quan ly kinh te cua nudc ta - Thang 2/1993 Du an VIE 88.040 Ke hoach tong the phat trien nganh giao thong van tai - 1997 VIE 88.023 Ke hoach tong the nganh hang khong dan dung Viet nam - 1997 Quoc hoi - Luat hnag khong dan dung Viet nam va cac can cii cd lien quan - NXB phap ly 1992 Ly thuyet phat trien va cac giai phap nen kinh te thi trudng Luong Xuan Quy - Xay dung quan he san xuat dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia va thuc hien tien bo cong bang xa hoi d Viet nam NXB Chinh tri QG - 2002 Cue Hang khong DDVN - Chien luqc phat trien nganh hang khong Viet nam den 2010 - 1997 10 TCT.HKVN - Dudng bay cua Hang khong Viet nam 10/2002 11 TCT HKVN - Hang khong dan dung Viet nam hoa nhap vdi dudng bay quoc te nhu the nao NXB chinh tri quoc gia 1995 12 Quoc hoi - Hang khong dan dung Viet nam va luat hang khong DDVN - NXB chinh tri quoc gia - 1995 13 Cue hang khong DDVN - He thdng cac van ban phap luat vd hang khong dSn dung - NXB thong ke 1999 Quoc hoi - Luat hang khong dSn dung va luat sua doi bo sung mot so dieu cua luat hang khong DDVN NXB chinh tri quoc gia 1997 ICAO - Nhung nguyen tac co ban cua hang khong the gidi sau cong udc Chicago.TCT hang khong Viet nam 1998 Dao manh nhuong - Hang khong dSn dung va luat hang khong dSn dung NXB phap ly - 1995 Nguyen Hong Nhi, Hang khong DDVN, 40 nam mot chang dudng NXB chinh tri quoc gia - 1995 TCT hang khong Viet nam gop y ve du thao to chuc lai TCT 1998 Rigas Dogaric - Kinh doanh cang hang khong 1995 Hasold Koontz - Nhung van de cot yeu cua quan ly NXB khoa hoc va ky thuat - 1992 T.S Doan thi Thu Ha, T.S Nguyen Thi Ngoc Huyen - giao trinh: Quan ly kinh te Dai hoc KTQD - NXB chinh tri quoc gia - 2002