Đẩy mạnh xuất khẩu cá tra sang thị trường hoa kỳ

JJ TRUONG DAI HQC KINH TE QUOC DAN QOO DAI HOC K.T.Q.D TT TH^NG TIN THUVIEN PHONG LU'AN' AN - TULIEU TRINH XUAN HIEP • • DAY MANH XUAT KHAU CA TRA SANG THI TRUING HO A KY Chuyen nganh: Kinh te Chinh tri luAn van thac si kinh tE Ng^oi hu-o’ng dan khoa hoc: PGS.TS TO DI.C HANH THS HA NQI - 2014 * LCJI CAM DOAN A _ Toi xin cam doan rang day la cong trinh nghien curu cua rieng toi, co su ho tro, hirong dan cua PGS.TS To Due Hanh Cac noi dung nghien cuu va k6t qua de tai la trung thuc va chua duoc cong bo cac cong trinh khac Nhung so lieu cac bang bieu phuc vu cho viec phan tich, nhan xet, danh gia duoc ch inh tac gia thu thap tir cac nguon khac co ghi phan tai lieu tham khao Ngoai ra, de tai su dung mot so nhan xet, danh gia cung nhu so lieu cua cac tac gia, co quan to chuc khac va cung duoc the hien phan tai lieu tham khao f r Neu phat hien co bat ky su gian lan nao toi xin hoan toan chiu trach nhiem trudc Hoi dong, cung nhu ket qua luan van cua minh Ha noi, thang (9 nam 2014 Tac gia MUC • LUC * LCFI CAM DOAN DANH MIJC TIT VIET TAT DANH MVC BANG BIEU TOM TAT LUAN VAN LOH MO? DAU CHlTONG 1: NHLTNG VAN DE CO BAN VE XUAT KHAU CA TRA SANG TH{ TRACING HOA KY 1.1 Ly luan chung ve xuat khau hang hoa 1.1.1 Khai niem ve xuat khfiu hang hoa va cac hinh thurc xuat khau 1.1.2 Vai tro cua xuat khau hang hoa doi vdi phat trien kinh te - xa hoi 10 1.2 Noi dung, nhan to anh hiring va su can thiet day manh xuat khau ca Tra Viet Nam sang thi truong Hoa Ky 14 1.2.1 Dac diem thi truong ca Tra tai Hoa Ky .14 1.2.2 Noi dung va tieu chi danh gia day manh xuat khau ca Tra Viet Nam sang thi truong Hoa Ky 16 1.2.3 Nhirng nhan to anh hudng den xuat khau ca Tra Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky 21 1.2.4 Su can thiet day manh xuat khau ca Tra cua Viet Nam sang thi trucmg Hoa Ky 27 1.3 Kinh nghiem day m^nh xuat khau ca da tron cua mot so nude sang thi truong Hoa Ky va bai hQC kinh nghiem cho Vi£t Nam 30 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem cua mot so nude 30 1.3.2 Nhung bai hoc rut cho Viet Nam 36 CHUONG 2: THtfC TRANG XUAT KHAU CA TRA CUA VIET NAM SANG THI TRirdNG HOA KY 38 2.1 Tong quan tinh hinh ca Tra tren thi truong Hoa Ky 38 2.1.1 Mot so quy djnh va rao can cua Hoa Ky ve nhap khau ca Tra 38 2.1.2 Tinh hinh nhap khau ca Tra tren thi truong Hoa Ky 43 2.2 Thue trang xuat khau ca Tra Viet Nam sang thi truong Hoa Ky 46 2.2.1 Quy mo san xuat, che bi£n ca Tra cua Vi$t Nam cho xuat khau 46 2.2.2 Chi phi, gia ca ca Tra xuat khau cua Viet Nam so vdi cac quoc gia khac 49 2.2.3 Chat lugng, thuang hi?u ca Tra Viet Nam tai Hoa Ky 54 2.2.4 Kim ngach, thi phan va lai nhuan xuat khau ca Tra Viet Nam sang thi truang Hoa Ky 57 2.3 Danh gia chung ve xuat khau ca Tra cua Viet Nam sang thi truxmg Hoa Ky 63 2.3.1 Thanh tiru dat dugc 63 2.3.2 Ton tai han che 65 2.3.3 Nguyen nhan nhung ton tai, han che 67 CHirONG 3: PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP DAY MANH XUAT KHAU CA TRA SANG THI TRUONG HOA KY 69 3.1 Phuong hirdng day manh xuat khau ca Tra sang thi tririmg Hoa Ky 69 3.1.1 Nhung can cu de xac dinh phuang hudng 69 3.1.2 Phuang huang, muc tieu ddv manh xuat khau ca Tra sang thi truang Hoa Ky 74 3.2 Giai phap day manh xu&t khau ca Tra sang thi trirdng Hoa Ky 78 3.2.1 Hoan thien he thong phap luat, chien luge, ke hoach day manh xuat khau ca Tra sang thi truang Hoa Ky 78 3.2.2 Ma rong, thuc day quan he hgp tac thuang mai Viet Nam - Hoa Ky 80 3.2.3 Coi chinh sach ho trg xuat khau 83 3.2.4 Doi moi, sap xep to chuc he thong san xuat, che bien ca Tra xuat khdu 86 #* T _ 3.2.5 Nang cao chat luong, gia san pham ca Tra xuat khau 88 f 3.2.6 Chu trpng han nua chinh sach marketing xuat khau ca Tra tren thi truang Hoa Ky 90 3.2.7 Tim hieu luat phap thuang mai cua Hoa Ky, nang cao nSng luc tranh tung quoc te va doi vdi cac bien phap phong ve thuang mai 94 3.2.8 Tang cudng quan ly Nha nude, kiem tra, kiem soat hoat dong xuat khau ca Tra sang thi truang Hoa Ky 96 3.3 Mot so kien nghj 100 3.3.1 Kien nghi doi vdi Chinh phu, cac bo, ban, nganh co lien quan 100 r r r ■ 3.3.2 Kien nghj doi vdi cac doanh nghiep xuat khau ca Tra 101 KET LUAN 102 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO .104 DANH MVC Tf VIET TAT • ADH (axit docohexanoic) va AEP (axit escosapentaenoic) hay goi la Omega-3 • AGROMONITOR: Cong ty Cd phan Phan tich va Du bao thi tnrcmg Viet Nam • Bank of America: Ngan hang My r r • BAP (Best Aquaculture Practices): Thue hanh nuoi thuy san tot nhat, chung chi BAP cho thuy san vao thi truong Hoa ky • BTA (The US — Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement): Hiep dinh Thuong mai Viet Nam - Hoa ky • CFA (Catfish Farm Association): Hiep hoi ca nheo Hoa ky • Farm Bill 2014: Dao luat nong trai 2014 • FDA (Food and Drug Administration): Co quan Quan ly Thue pham va Dirac pham Hoa ky • FMI (Food Marketing Institute): Vien Tiep thi Thue pham Hoa ky • FSMA (Food Safety Modernization Act): Luat Hien dai hoa An toan thuc pham • Global GAP (The Global Partnership for Good Agriculture Practice): •t \ f f La bo tieu chuan ve nong trai duoc cong nhan quoc te danh cho viec Thue hanh san xuat nong nghiep tot (GAP) • HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point): Phan tich moi nguy va diem kiem soat tori han • HS (Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System) : dung f f de xac dinh ma phan loai hang hoa bieu thue xuat nhap khau • IDH (The Sustainable Trade Initiative): To chuc Sang kien Thuong * mai Ben vung Ha Lan (IDH) _ f r • ITC: (International Trade Committee): Uy ban Thuong mai Quoc te Hoa ky • Nafiqad (National Agro Forestry Fisheries _ _ Quality Assurance # Department): Cue Quan ly Chat lugng Nong lam san va Thuy san thuoc Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien Nong thon • NFI: Hiep hoi Thuy san My • NMFS (The National Marine Fisheries Service): Cue quan ly nghe ca r quoc gia My • POR (Administrative review): Ra soat hanh chinh • SQF 1000/2000 CM (Safe Quality Food): Tieu chuan Thue pham An r toan va Chat lugng • TIFA (Trade and Investment Framework Agreements): Hiep dinh khung ve Thucmg mai va Dau tu • TPP: (Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement): Hiep dinh Doi tac Chien luge xuyen Thai Binh Duomg • USDA: (United State Department of Agriculture): Bo Nong nghiep Hoa ky • USDOC (United States Department of Commerce) Bo Thuomg mai Hoa ky • VASEP (Vietnam Association fo Seafood Exporters and Producers): • ietGap (Vietnamese Good Agriculture Practices): Thue hanh san xuat nong nghiep tot dr Viet Nam • WWF (World Wide Fund For Nature): Quy Quoc te Bao ve Thien nhien DANH MUC BANG, BIEU DO BANG Bang 1,1: Nhap khau ca da tran va ca basa cua Hoa Ky tir 1999 den 2007 .32 Bang 2.1: Muc thue chong pha gia ca Tra, basa quyet dinh cuoi cung 18/7/2003 cua phia Hoa Ky 41 Bang 2.2: Thue chong ban pha gia vdi cac doanh nghiep ca Tra Viet Nam qua cac thai ky 42 Bang 2.3: 10 mat hang thuy san tieu thu nhieu nhat tai Hoa Ky 43 Bang 2.4: Ca Tra va ca da tran nhap khau vao Hoa Ky, thang 1/2014 45 Bang 2.5: Gia xuat khau ca Tra trung binh sang thi truang Hoa Ky va Mexico 2012-2013 (USD/tSn) 52 Bang 2.6: Luong va kim ngach xuat khau ca Tra cua Viet Nam sang thi truang Hoa Ky nim 2012-2013 (tin, USD) 59 Bang 2.7: Su thay doi vj tri cac thi truang nhap khau tfnh theo lugng nam 2010 den het 10 thang nam 2013 (10T-2013) 62 BIEU DO Bieu 2.1: Dien rich (ha) va san lugng (nghin tan) ca Tra san xuat cua Vi?t Nam tu 2001 -2013 46 Bieu 2.2: Dien bien gia ca Tra tai DBSCL, nam 2011 -2013 50 Bieu 2.3: Gia fillet ca Tra dong lanh Viet Nam ca 5-7oz tai thi truang Hoa Ky 51 Bieu 2.4: Khdi lugng va gia tri xuat khau ca Tra vao Hoa ky tir 1996 - 2012 58 Bieu 2.5: Thi phan nhap khau ca Tra cua Hoa Ky thang dau nam 2014 (khdi lugng) 61 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QIOC DAN 00.0 TRINH XU AN HIEP • • DAY MANH XUAT KHAU CA TRA SANG THI TRUONG HOA KY Chuyen nganh: Kinh te Chinh tri TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SI • • HANOI -2014 * - - - w i TOM TAT LUAN VAN Hoa Ky la thi truong tieu thu Ion nhat the gidi, dem lai lpi ich kinh te w r -9 r lom cho nude xuat khau vao thi truong nay, do, viec thuc day xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky luon la mot nhung tru tien hang dau chinh sach hoi nhap kinh te quoc te cua Dang va Nha nude ta Doi vdi mat hang ca Tra, tu xuat khau sang Hoa Ky (nam 2001) da cang duoc khach hang ua chuong va chiem ty dang ke gia tri xuat khau cua Viet Nam Tuy nhien, thoi gian gan day, hoat dong xuat khau ca Tra cua Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky gap mot so khd khan Khd khan nude: (1) thieu quy hoach tong the; (2) doanh nghiep r r r i r r tro xuc tien xuat khau, tim kiem nguon hang, cung cap thong tin han che Khd khan tic thi truong Hoa Ky: (1) Hoa Ky ap dung bien phap han che nhap khau ca tra Viet Nam; (2) ca Tra Viet Nam tai Hoa Ky cang canh tranh khoc liet vdi cac nude khac nhu Thai Lan, Trung Quoc, Bangladesh, _ • * • • r * _ ** Trong thoi gian tdi, viec xuat khau ca Tra vao thi truong Hoa Ky van cd vai tro quan trong, khong chi dong gop vao tang truong kinh te Viet Nam ma giai quyet lao dong Ion cho nong dan va doanh nghiep Viet Nam nudi % thi truong Hoa Ky” lam de tai luan van cao hoc cua minh - Muc dich nghien curu: Phan tich, danh gia thuc trang xuat khau ca Tra cua Viet Nam sang thi truong Hoa Ky; de xuat cac giai phap nham day manh r _ •> xuat khau ca Tra cua Viet Nam sang thi truong Hoa Ky thoi gian tdi r r y \ r - Ket cau cua luan van: Ngoai phan md dau, ket luan va danh muc cac tai lieu tham khao, luan van duoc ket cau gom chuong CHV0NG van de co ban ve xuat khau ca tra NHU N *G SANG THI TRU'OfNG HOA KY t 1.1 Ly luan chung ve xuat khau hang hoa Xuat khau hang hoa la viec ban hang hoa va dich vu cho mot quoc gia khac tren co sb dung tien te lam phuang tien toan vdi muc tieu loi nhuan r ♦ Xuat khau la mot hai hoat dong co ban cua ngoai thuang, no da f f t f xuat hien tu thai che phong kien va phat trien khong ngung, tra hien F tuqng dien hinh tir giua the ky XV vdi ly luan cua Chu nghja Trong thuang - thai ky tich luy nguyen thuy cua tu ban, den nd da phat trien manh me ca X, XX, ve chieu rong va chieu sau Hinh thuc so khai cua chung la hoat dong trao doi hang hoa, nhung cho den no da phat trien rat manh va duoc bieu hien dudi nhieu hinh thuc phong phu Xuat khau duoc bieu hien dudi nhieu hinh thuc nhung tap trung vao F F F F hinh thuc chinh la xuat khau true tiep, xuat khau uy thac va gia cong xuat * _ F f X X X khau Moi hinh thuc xuat khau deu co nhung uu nhuac diem va dieu kien X X hoan canh de ap dung nham thu duoc hieu qua cao X e F F X Nen kinh te nude ta dang giai doan phat trien, co sd vat chat ky F X F L thuat han che, khong dong bo, dan so phat trien nhanh nen viec day manh xuat khau thu ngoai te cai thien doi song va phat trien kinh te la het sue quan t r >» r Chu truang day manh xuat khau hang hoa la mot chu truang dung dan phu hap vdi quy luat phat trien kinh te khach quan 1.2 Noi dung, nhan to anh huang va su can thiet day manh xuat khau ca Tra Viet Nam sang thi truirng Hoa Ky Nghe nuoi ca da tron la mot nhung nganh san xuat thuy san ldn r x f nhat cua Hoa Ky va san pham ca fillet dong lanh la san pham chu yeu cua cac 99 Trong quy III/2013, FDA da thong bao se ap dung quy dinh quan ly Tra) Day la nhung quy dinh cuoi cung nam he thong quy dinh cua Luat Hien dai hoa An toan thuc pham (FSMA) Hai quy dinh mdi yeu cau cac cong r * r ty nhap khau cua Hoa Ky phai tien hanh xac minh cac nha cung cap nude ngoai, dam bao ho thuc hien cac bien phap an toan thuc pham theo hudng * -J ■> phong ngua va dat tieu chuan an toan thuc pham tuong ducmg tieu chuan cua * - ■ ' * cac nha san xuat va che bien tai Hoa Ky Cac don vi tham dinh an toan thuc pham cua nude ngoai cung nam pham vi quy dinh Cac doanh i r •, r nghiep se phai xac dinh mdi nguy cd the xay ddi vdi tung loai thuc pham, ’ * ghi chep va luu tru tu lieu de phuc vu qua trinh tham dinh Cac co sd da dugc FDA chung nhan se tien hanh hoat dong tham dinh - Dao luat Nong trai cua Hoa Ky vira dugc thong qua thang 2/2014 se F * tao them kho khan cho viec xuat khau ca Tra vao thi trudng vi phia Hoa * * Ky co the dua nhung chuan muc khong tuong thich, khong phu hgp vdi nhung dieu kien cua Viet Nam Theo Dao luat mdi nay, ca Tra nam su * dieu chinh cua nhung hang rao ky thuat mdi Bo Nong nghiep Hoa Ky dua ra; chuyen chuc nang giam sat ca da tron (trong cd ca Tra cua Viet Nam) tu FDA sang Bo Nong nghiep; thay vi chi kiem soat chat lugng ve sinh an t * toan thuc pham, Hoa Ky se kiem soat luon ca vung nuoi ca Tra cua Viet Nam fll Viec kiem soat cac vung nuoi ca Tra cua Viet Nam dang dugc cac doanh nghiep du doan theo hudng Bo Nong nghiep Hoa Ky se yeu cau cac vung ô ã f * -i f nuoi cua Viet Nam phai nang cap de dap ung nhung tieu chuan giong nhu tieu chuan ma nhung ngudi nuoi ca da tron Hoa Ky hien dang ap dung Cac co quan chuc nang cua Viet Nam, cac to chuc Hiep hoi, cac doanh san xuat, che bien, xuat khau ca Tra vao thi trudng Hoa Ky can nhan biet sdm nhung quy dinh mdi cua phia thi trudng Hoa Ky de cd dieu chinh 100 X nhanh, phu hop, hieu qua nham dam bao giu vung thi truong, tang kim ngach * * xuat khau 3.3 M