Đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài đối với sự phát triển ngành bưu chính viễn thông việt nam

BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAO TRUING DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN NGUYEN MINH DCC DAU TUTRUC TIEP NUdC NGOAI DOI Vdl SUPHAT TRIEN NGANH BUU CHINH, VIEN THONG VIET NAM LU AN VAN THAC SI KINH TE Ch uve n nganh: Kinh te chinh tri Ngiroi hirdng dan khoa hoc: PGS, TS VU VAN HAN Ha noi nam 2003 Ldl CAM ON Trong qua trinh hoc tap va nghien ciru hoan luan van, tac gia da nhan dirqc sir quan tam, grip nhiet tinh ciia cac thay co giao khoa Mac- Lenin, khoa sau dai hoc trirong kinh te quoc dan Ha noi, dac biet la to bo mon Kinh te chinh tri va giao hiring ddn la Pho giao sir Tien si, Vu Van Han nhiet tinh ciia cac xin chan biet thay co giao, ban be dong nghiep da giup toi nhan thuc ve mat ly luan va there trin de hoan ban luan van nay, tir giup cho tac gia co nhan there dirqc tam quan trong hoc tap va nghien ciru ve Kinh te chinh tri Mac-Lenin va van dung vao there trin cong viec cung nhir cuoc song Luan van la ket qua nghien ciru cong phu, khoa hoc va nghiem tuc cua ban than Song trinh va thdi gian co han, nen khong tranh khoi nherng thieu sot han chenhat dinh Tac gia mong nhan dirqc sir quan tam dong gop y kien cua cac thay co giao va cac dong nghiep va cac doc gia quan tam den luan van nn z • ’ Tac gia Nguyen Minh Bite MUC LUC Trang Md DAU Chuang I: Nhurng van de chung ve dau tu true tiep nude ngoai nganh buu chinh, vi6n thong Viet Nam 1.1- Tam quan cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi su phat trien kinh te xa hoi d Viet Nam: 1.1.1 Mot so ly luan ve dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 1.1.1.1 - Khai niem, dac diem, ban chat va hinh thuc cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 1.1.1.2- Quan diem cua cac nha kinh te ve vai tro cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi su phat trien kinh te, xa hoi 17 1.1.1.3- Xu hudng van dong cua cac dong von ddu tu true tiep nude ngoai tren the gidi 20 1.1.2 Vai tro cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa d Viet nam 24 1.2- Vai tro von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi su phat trien cua nganh bun chinh, vi£n thong Viet Nam: 36 1.2.1- Khai quat nganh buu chinh, vi6n thong Viet Nam 35 1.2.2- Vai tro cua nganh buu chinh vi6n thong Viet Nam phat trien kinh te hien dai 1.2.3- Tac dong cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi su phat trien nganh buu chinh vi£n thong Viet Nam 43 Chuong II: Thuc trang va giai phap tang cudng dau tu true tiep nude ngoai nganh buu chinh, vien thong Viet Nam 49 2.1- Thuc trang ve dau tu true tiep nude ngoai nganh buu chinh, vien thong Viet Nam 49 2.1.1- Mot so van ban phap luat hien hanh chi phoi hoat dong cua nganh buu chinh, vidn thong va chi phoi hoat dong ddu tu true tiep nude ngoai nganh buu chinh vidn thong Viet Nam 49 2.1.2- Tdng quat ve co cau va hinh thuc ddu tu true tiep nude ngoai nganh buu chinh vidn thong Viet Nam 2.1.3- Tinh hinh dau tu true tiep nude ngoai nganh buu chinh vidn thong Viet Nam 61 2.2- Dinh hudng phat trien nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Viet Nam 76 2.2.1- Phan tich moi trudng kinh doanh buu chinh vidn thong Viet Nam 77 2.2.2- Cac muc tieu, chi tieu phat trien buu chinh vidn thong Viet Nam 80 2.3- Giai phap tang cudng dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi sir phat trien cua nganh buu chinh, vien thong Viet Nam 83 2.3.1- Hoan chinh he thong phap ly va moi trudng kinh doanh buu chinh vidn thong d Viet Nam 2.3.2- To chdc va co cau lai Tong cong ty buu chinh, vidn thong Viet Nam theo hudng tap doan kinh te manh 85 2.3.3- Phat trien co so tang vidn thong de thu hut von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 87 2.3.4- Phat trien ngudn nhan luc cong nghe thong tin nang cao hieu qua nang lire can bo quan ly, dieu hanh §9 2.3.5- Nghien curu phat trien va ung dung khoa hoc cong nghe 2.3.6- Thu hut, sir dung ngudn von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai song song ngudn von doi ling nude 91 92 2.3.7 Da dang hoa cac hinh thuc thu hut va sir dung ngudn von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai nganh buu chinh, vidn thong 94 Ket luan 96 Danh muc tai lieu tham khao 98 DANH MUC CAC BANG BIEU, SO DO TRONG LUAN VAN I Bang bieu: Trang Bang bieu so 1: Von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tren toan the gidi 21 Bang bieu so 2: Mudi nude tiep nhan von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 23 nhieu nhat nam 1998, 1999 Bang bieu so 3: Ty von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tong 26 von dau tu xay dung thuc hien toan xa hoi thdi ky 1991-2000 Bang bieu so 4: Tong san pham buu chinh, vi6n thong so vdi Tdng 43 san pham quoc dan (1991 - 1998) Bang bieu so 5: Tinh hinh gop von lien doanh 62 Bang bieu so 6: Co cau gop von lien doanh 63 Bang bieu so 7; Tinh hinh giai ngan cac du an dau tu BCC 64 Bang bieu so 8: Ket qua hoat dong san xua't kinh doanh khoi lien 69 doanh II Sa do: So 01: Vong luan quan ctia cac nude dang phat trien 19 Md DAU Tinh cap thiet cua de tai: Nguon von ddu tu true tiep nude ngoai la mot nhan to quan giup nganh buu chfnh, vien thong dat duqc muc tieu phat trien cua minh Nganh buu chfnh, vi£n thong vdi chu truong dung dan chien luoc phat trien mang lucri buu chfnh, vien thong Viet Nam vdi phuong cham di trudc mot budc, di thang vao cong nghe thong tin hien dai, co chfnh sach thu hut von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai hop ly va cd hieu qua Nhd da thu duoc nhung tuu to Idn, dong gop cho su phat trien kinh te chfnh tri va xa hoi cua Viet Nam thdi ky doi mdi Tfnh den het nam 2002 toan quoc da cd tren 5,5 trieu may dien thoai; dat mat 6,9 may/ 100 dan; doanh thu dat tren 1,1 ty USD va Viet Nam da trd nude dung thur tren the gidi ve toe phat trien thue bao dien thoai Viec phan tfch dau tu true tiep nude ngoai, luan giai phuong hudng va nhung bien phap thu hut va su dung cd hieu qua nguon von cho su phat trien nhanh chong cua nganh buu chfnh, vien thong co mot y nghia ly luan sau sSc, dap umg duoc doi hoi cua tinh'hinh thuc tien Vi vay: “ Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi su phat trien nganh buu chfnh, vien thong Viet Nam” duoc chon lam de tai luan an Thac si Kinh te Tinh hinh nghien curu: Do tfnh thiet yeu va quan cua van de dau tu true tiep nude ngoai, vai trd cua nd nen kinh te noi chung va doi hoi cua qua trinh cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa dat nude Nen cd nhieu tac gia, de tai va ngoai nude da tap trung nghien curu Khoa kinh te chfnh tri Trudng dai hoc kinh te quoc dan cung da co luan van nghien curu ve van de nay, la: luan van thac si kinh te cua thac si Dinh Van An vdi dd tai: “ Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai qua trinh day manh cong nghiep hoa- hien dai hoa d Viet nam” va Luan van thac si kinh te cua thac si Pham Quang Huy vdi dd tai “ Vai tro cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi su chuydn dich co cau kinh te d tinh Khanh Hoa” Tuy nhien chua cd tac gia nao nghien curu vd dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi su phat trien nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Viet Nam Luan van ke thira cd chon loc mot so quan diem va cong tac tong ket, cung nhu cac y kien de xuat tir cac cuoc hoi thao, cac dd tai nghien cuu dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam Tir phan tich va lam ro vai tro cua ddu tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi su phat trien cua nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Tren phuong dien kinh te chinh tri hoc, luan an se co gang tap trung vao moi quan he giua viec thu hut va nang cao hieu qua cua ngudn von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai phu hop vdi dac diem phat trien cua nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Viet Nam Muc dich nghien curu cua luan van: - Nghien cuu nhung van de ly luan va thuc tidn ve dau tu true tiep nude ngoai va vai tro cua nd doi vdi su phat trien kinh te' cua mdi quoc gia noi chung vacua Viet Nam noi rieng - Phan tich thuc trang dau tu true tiep nude ngoai nganh buu chinh, vidn thong va rut nhung nhan xet ve vai tro cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi su phat trien cua nganh buu chinh vidn thong Viet Nam - Tren co so lam ro mot so van dd ve ly luan va kinh nghiem thuc tidn, luan an dd cac giai phap co ban de thu hut va sir dung cd hieu qua ngudn von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi su phat tridn cua nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Viet Nam Doi tirong va pham vi nghien ciiru: - Doi tuong nghien curu v£ dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi su phat trien cua nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Viet Nam - Pham vi nghien curu chu yeu tap trung vao nghien cuu tac dong cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi su phat trien cua nganh buu chinh, vi£n thong Viet Nam Phuong phap nghien curu: - Luan an su dung phuong phap luan cua chu nghia vat bien chung va chu nghia vat lich sir, dac biet chu y quan diem lich su cu th£, phuomg phap phan tich, tong hop phuong phap ket hop logic vdi lich sir, phuong phap thong ke, so sanh va cac phuong phap khac de lam ro doi tuong nghien curu Ket cau cua Luan an: Ngoai phan mo dau, ket luan, phu luc va danh muc tai lieu tham khao, luan an gom chuong: Chuong I: Nhiimg van de chung ve dau tu true tiep nude ngoai nganh buu chinh, vien thong Viet Nam Chuong II: Thuc trang va giai phap tang cudng dau tu true tiep nude ngoai nganh buu chinh vi£n thong Viet Nam CHU0NG I: NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG VE DAU TU I Rl ( TIEP N10C NGOAI TRONG NGANH BUU CHINH, VlfeN THONG VIET NAM 1.1 Tam quan cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi sir phat trien kinh te xa hoi d Viet Nam: 1.1.1 Mot so ly luan ve dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 1.1.1.1 Khai niem, dac diem, ban chat va hinh thde cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai * Khai niem ve dau tu va cac hinh thuc bieu hien cua no: Tinh den nay, dau tu khong phai la mot khai niem moi Tuy nhien, thuat ngu duoc hieu rat khac Xin duoc dua mot khai niem co ban vd dau tu duoc nhiSu ngudi thira nhan: Dau tu la viec su dung mot luong tai san nhat dinh nhu von, cong nghe, dat dai, vao mot hoat dong kinh te cu the nham tao mot hoac nhieu san pham cho xa hoi de thu lui nhuan Ngudi bo mot so luong tai san duoc goi la nha dau tu hoac chu dau tu Doi tuong duoc bo tai san vao dau tu thuoc quyen so huu cua ngudi dau tu Chu dau tu co the la cac to churc, ca nhan (dau tu tu nhan) va cung cd the- la nha nude (dau tu chinh phu) Cd hai dac trung quan dd phan biet mot hoat dong duoc goi la dau tu hay khong, la: Tinh sinh lai va rui ro cua cong cuoc dau tu Thuc vay, ngudi ta khong the: bo mot luong tai san vao mot viec ma khong du tinh thu duoc gia tri cao hon gia tri ban dau Tuy nhien, neu hoat dong dau tu nao cung sinh lai thi xa hoi cung muon trd nha dau tu Chinh hai thuoc tinh da sang loc cac nha dau tu va thuc day san xuat, xa hoi phat trien Chu dau tu tien hanh dau tu dudi nhieu hinh thuc Co the bo mot luqng tai san du Idn de lap co so san xuat kinh doanh mdi hoac mua lai cac co so san xuat hien co va true tiep quan ly cac tai san Hinh thuc duqc goi la dau tu true tiep hay dau tu phat trien Thdi gian dau tu thudng la trung han va dai han Trai lai, neu chu dau tu bo tai san (chu yeu dudi dang von) de mua cac chung chi co gia nhu co phieu, trai khoan , nham hudng loi turc, ma khong true tiep quan ly tai san cua minh thi duqc goi la dau tu gian tiep hay dau tu tai chinh Thdi gian dau tu thudng la ngSn han Su phan biet giua hai hinh thurc dau tu tren co tinh tuong doi Bdi vi, su phat trien cua thi trudng tai chinh nen tai san cua nhieu doanh nghiep khong phai chi la so huu cua mot ngudi ma thuoc ve nhieu ngudi Vi the, neu ngudi nao cd gia tri co phieu khong ldn nhung lai cd ty phan cao hon so vdi nhieu co dong khac thi ngudi dd cd quyen duqc tham gia quan ly true tiep doanh nghiep, dd ho tir nhung ngudi dau tu gian tiep lai chuyen sang dau tu true tiep Nguqc lai, ho til nhung ngudi dang true tiep quan ly tai san cua minh tai doanh nghiep, nhung bi ngudi khac mua lai de mo rang dau tu vdi so' von ap dao lam cho gia tri tai san cua ho khong du ty phan tham gia quan ly true tiep doanh nghiep thi dd ho lai trd ngudi dau tu gian tiep Thuc te cho thay, cac hinh thuc dau tu luon chuyen hoa, dan xen lan va nhieu trudng hop rat kho phan biet mot each rach roi giua chung * Khai niem ve dau tir true tiep nude ngoai: Tren co so xem xet khai niem ve dau tu va cac hinh there bieu hien cua nd, tac gia xin duqc dua khai niem ve dau tu true tiep nude ngoai duqc nhieu ngudi thira nhan: 10 chfnh vidn thong se dem lai loi nhuan cao Dieu co sure hut ldn viec thu hut va su dung nguon von cua cac nha ddu tu true tiep nude ngoai dau tu vao linh vuc buu chinh, vien thong Keu goi cac nha dau tu khac cung tham gia dau tu cac du an buu chinh vien thong cd y nghia quan doi vdi Tong cong ty buu chinh vien thong Viet Nam Khi dd, chi edn luong von chii sd huu nhd, Tong cong ty buu chinh vien thong Viet Nam cd the dau tu duqc nhieu du an buu chinh vien thong dap ung nhu cau cua xa hoi ve buu chinh, vien thong Phan von chu sd huu lai cd the duqc dau tu vao cac linh vuc khac cua nen kinh te, dau tu nude ngoai Tao dieu kien de Tong cong ty buu chinh vien thong cd the phat trien ldn manh trd cong ty xuyen quoc gia tuong lai 2.3.3- Phat trien co sd tang vien thong de thu hut von dau tu true tiep cua nude ngoai Ddi vdi linh vuc vien thong, co sd tang vien thong la vo cung quan trong, dd la he thong mang dudng true quoc gia, mang di quoc te, mang di dong, mang noi hat Moi dich vu vidn thong duqc cung cap deu thOng qua he thong nay, bdi vay, he thong co sd tang vien thOng cd tot, thong suot, dung luong dudng truyen, bang thong cd ldn mdi dam bao duqc chat luong cac dich vu buu chinh vidn thong Xu hudng cua cong nghe vidn thong tren toan the gidi dd la di vao cung cap cac dich vu gia tri gia tang mdi tren mang, cac dich vu umg dung cong nghe thong tin da dich vu (Tivi, PC, giai tri va thoai, truydn hinh hoi nghi, dao tao tir xa ), cong nghe ung dung IP Nhung cong nghe duqc khai thac tren ndn tang he thong co sd tang vidn thong tien tien Khi co sd tdng thong tin da phat trien se tao didu kien thu hut von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao kinh doanh khai thac cac dich vu vidn thong De cd the thu hut duqc von dau tu nude ngoai dau tu vao cac cong nghe tien tien, cac dich 87 vu mdi, trudc tien nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Viet Nam can phai xay dung duoc mot mang vidn thong dong bo, tien tien theo xu cong nghe mdi cua the gidi Thuc trang dang xay hien la viec dau tu vao co sd tang buu chinh, vidn thong doi hoi ngudn von ldn, thdi gian thu hoi von dau tu dai, cac cong ty kinh doanh linh vuc buu chinh, vidn thong chi muon dau tu vao kinh doanh cac dich vu dem lai loi nhuan cao, cac cong ty khong muon dau tu vao co sd tdng buu chinh, vidn thong Do vay, dd thuc day viec hien dai hoa mang ludi can phai cd chinh sach khuyen khich cac cong ty hoat dong kinh doanh buu chinh, vidn thong tham gia xay dung co sd tang buu chinh, vidn thong Trudc mdt, de hien dai hoa mang ludi buu chinh vidn thong, linh vuc buu chinh, vidn thong can phai: - Nhanh chong dua dd an phong ve tinh vao hien thuc, dap ung nhu cau thong tin cho toan bo hon 80 trieu dan, neu nhu cong nghe so da cho phep chat luong thong tin d Viet Nam khong phu thuoc vao khoang each, thi ve tinh se giup cho he thong mang truydn thong d Viet Nam khong phu thuoc vao dia hinh phuc tap niia - Tiep tuc chien luoc cap quang hoa: xay dung mdi, nang cap cac tuyen cap quang noi dia va quoc te hien da so cd dung luong thap ldn dung luong cao hon nua dd dam bao toe dudng truydn Can tiep tuc dau tu mang cap quang thong vdi nhidu dudng Ring va nhieu phuong thufe: chon, treo, tha bien, tao didu kien cho moi loai hinh dich vu thong tin nhu thoai, fax, truyen sd lieu, video vdi chat luong cao, dac biet la tao moi trudng ly tuong cho phat trien Internet toe cao 88 - Nang cap cac he thdng chuyen manh, cac tong dai dien thoai ky thuat sd hien cung cap cac dich vu thoai va phi thoai toe thap, dua tren co so cua chuyen mach kenh Can nang cap chung cac loai tong dai the he mdi, de viec chuyen mach duoc thuc hien theo chuyen mach goi va cdng nghe IP, dam bao cho viec cung cap da dich vu: thoai, van ban, hinh anh dong vdi chat luqng cao, toe nhanh va ca cung cap cac dich vu thdng tin di dong - Tang toe Internet: nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Viet Nam can dau tu day du cac dieu kien thuan loi cho cac dich vu Internet cho ngudi dung vdi toe cao va chat luong, phat trien mang cac umg dung tren Internet bang thong rong nhu: dao tao th xa, y te tir xa, ngan hang dien tir va thuong mai dien tir - Tang toe mang di dong, chuyen hudng sang the he 2,5 G vdi viec cung cap cac dich vu truydn sd lieu toe cao va tien tdi the he thu 3: 3G, dap ung ca nhu cau video va internet di dong 2.3.4- Phat trien nguon nhan lire cdng nghe thdng tin, nang cao hieu qua nang luc can bo quan ly, dieu hanh Cac cong ty nude ngoai dau tu vao Viet Nam noi chung va nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Viet Nam noi rieng, viec cung cap mot doi ngu lao dong cd tay nghd, cd ky luat, day la mot yeu to cd vai tro quan trong, vi la yeu to co ban de quyet dinh dinh den lqi the' canh tranh cua ndn kinh te, anh hudng tfch cue den thai nha dau tu Viec phat trien nguon nhan luc cdng nghe thong tin la linh vuc duqc uu tien chien luqc phat tridn khoa hoc- cong nghe cua nude ta thdi ky cdng nghe hoa, hien dai hoa Nghi quyet dai lan thur IX cua Dang da khang dinh: "Phat tridn manh cac nganh cdng nghe cao, nhat la cdng nghe thdng 89 tin, vi6n thong, dien tu, tu dong hoa Chu phat trien cong nghiep phan mem tin hoc nganh kinh te co toe tang trudng vuqt troi" Chi thi 58/CT-TW 1/7/2000 cua Bo chfnh tri da xac dinh ro: "phat trien nguon nhan luc cho Cong nghe thong tin la then chot co y nghia quyet dinh doi vdi viec su dung va phat trien cong nghe thong tin" De thuc hien muc tieu do, van de phat trien nhan luc cong nghe thong tin trd mot khau then chot, mot nhiem vu mang tfnh chien luqc va la mot lmh vuc uii tien chien luqc phat trien nguon nhan luc khoa hoc cong nghe cua nganh buu chfnh vien thong Viet Nam hien Tuy nhien thuc te dat la phai to churc tot cac nguon nhan luc nay, neu khong to churc tot se kho co the tao san pham chat luong cao, dong bo, nguon nhan luc hoc nude ngoai Viec trang bi va nang cao tri thurc khoa hoc cho ngudi lao dong la tarn, nganh buu chfnh, vien thong can gan ket dao tao, nghien curu vdi san xuat, can to churc lai cac don vi dao tao de hinh mot hoc vien buu chfnh, vien thong co du trang co sd vat chat, doi ngu giang vien cd trinh chuydn mon cao, chuan hoa giao trinh, dao tao, dao tao tap trung vao cac xu hudng cong nghe mdi va dao tao cac chuyen gia dau nganh Viec to churc dao tao can thuc hien da dang, thudng xuyen, ngSn han va dai han dac biet edn gan ket giua cac don vi kinh doanh cua nganh buu chfnh, vien thong Viet Nam vdi cac co sd dao tao Md rong lien ket dao tao, gui mot sd giang vien va can bo nhan vien nude ngoai dao tao theo hudng chu dong de nghi nude ban day theo chuong trinh ma chung ta can Dong thdi day manh hinh thurc dao tao thong qua cac hop dong hop tac kinh doanh vdi cac nha khai thac vien thong ldn, doi ngu can bo tham gia du an se duqc dao tao ve ky thuat va kinh nghiem quan ly, cap nhat, nang cao trinh do, trudng rat nhieu ve chuyen mon, nghiep vu Ben canh nganh buu chfnh, vien thong 90 Viet Nam can co chinh sach khuyen khich ngudi lao ddng di dao tao, tu dao tao, thudng cho nhung ngudi co tich xuat sac hoc tap, co quy che bo nhiem vi tri, churc vu phu hop kha nang va chuyen mon duqc dao tao dd thu hut nhan tai, bo sung nhan luc co tri thurc cao cho chien luqc phat trien lau dai Vdi doi ngu ngudn nhan luc manh, nganh buu chinh, vidn thong cd du kha de tiep nhan va quan ly cd hieu qua ngudn von dau tu nude ngoai Tang cudng dao tao va dao tao lai doi ngu can bo quan ly doanh nghiep, nhat la doi ngu can bo duqc cu sang giu cac vi tri quan trong cac lien doanh, nham thu hut va quan ly hoat dong dau tu nude ngoai cua nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Viet Nam Bat cur linh vuc nao cung vay, yeu to ngudi cung quyet dinh mure cong cua hoat dong De hoat dong dau tu nude ngoai cd hieu qua, dat duqc muc tieu de ra, van de quan cua nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Viet Nam edn cd nhung chinh sach uu dai, quy dinh nhung didu kien phai cd doi vdi cac bo phia nganh cu sang tham gia Hoi ddng quan tri va quan ly cac lien doanh, quy dinh cu the chuyen mon nghiep vu va pham chat chinh tri Trach nhiem, nghia vu va quyen lqi cua nhung ngudi phai duqc the che hoa cu the, bao dam duqc lqi ich cua ho khong nhung lien doanh ma ca nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Viet Nam, lam cho ho yen tam vdi lam viec lien doanh Ddng thdi cung can to churc nhung khoa dao tao, hoi thao rut kinh nghiem, lam phat trien duqc mdi quan he doi tac lanh manh va bao ve duqc lqi ich chinh dang cua cac ben 2.3.5- Nghien curu phat trien va umg dung khoa hoc cong nghe Day la linh vuc ma nganh can quan tam, vdi ngudn nhan luc Viet Nam cd kien thurc, cd trinh va cd kha nang khong nhung tiep thu tot cac cong nghe tien tien cua the' gidi ma cd kha nang phat trien nhung cong 91 nghe va sang tao cong nghe mdi Tiem nang thu hut nguon von va nhan luc nude ngoai linh vuc phat trien cdng nghe buu chinh, vidn thong, dac diet la cdng nghe thdng tin la ldn Viet nam hien dang noi len la mot nhung didm quan tarn cua cac nha dau tu cdng nghe thdng tin the' gidi La mot nganh kinh te' mui nhon, nam tay nguon nhan luc cdng nghe thdng tin ldn, la nha khai thac vidn thdng, viec tien hanh nghien curu va dua cac umg dung cdng nghe mdi vao kinh doanh la rat thuan lqi Viec nghien curu va umg dung cdng nghe mdi khong nhung giup nganh dua cac san pham mdi cd tmh canh tranh dap ling nhu cau va xu hudng thi trudng, nang cao hieu qua hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh, ma la cd hoi de thu hut von dau tu nude ngoai vao hqp tac va cung dau tu de cd quy md ldn, chiem linh thi trudng, tao cac san pham kho thay the 2.3.6- Thu hut, su dung nguon von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai song song nguon von ddi ung nude Nganh buu chinh, vidn thdng la mot nganh co sd tang doi hoi nguon von dau tu rat ldn Viec thu hut nguon von dau tu nude ngoai nhung nam qua cua nganh buu chinh, vidn thdng Viet Nam da thu duqc nhung ket qua to ldn dong gop phan rat quan den su tang trudng nhanh cua nganh Theo ke' hoach Tong von dau tu von cua nganh buu chi'nh, vidn thdng Viet Nam giai doan 2001-2005: la vao khoang 31.720 ty VND, nguon von ODA la 5.700 ty va nguon von BCC la 4.700 ty VND, nguon von ddu tu nude ngoai chiem khoang 33% Tong dau tu cua nganh giai doan Tong von dau tu von cua nganh buu chinh, vidn thdng Viet Nam giai doan 2006-2010: la vao khoang 39.500 ty VND, nguon von ODA la 5.000 ty va nguon von BCC la 4.000 ty VND, nguon von dau tu nude ngoai chiem khoang 23% Tong dau tu cua nganh giai doan 92 Qua ca cau von dau tu cua Nganh tir 2001 den 2010, ta thay nguon von dau tu nude ngoai dong mot vai trd rat quan den ke hoach dau tu cua nganh Nganh buu chfnh, vidn thong Viet Nam can phai khac phuc mot so ton tai nhu: viec thu hut nguon von dau tu nucrc ngoai vdi so luong ldn gap nhieu kho khan, viec giai ngan trien khai cac nguon von dau tu ke ca nguon von theo Hop ddng hop tac kinh doanh, den cac du an ODA deu didn cham Cd rat nhidu nguyen nhan dan den tinh trang kho thu hut von dau tu nude ngoai hoac trien khai cham, mot cac nguyen nhan dd la thieu nguon von ddi ufng nude Cac du an dau tu linh vuc buu chinh, vidn thong thudng la tdng the bao gom nhieu du an, cong trinh nhd cd mdi gan ket vdi rat chat che, chung duqc ket noi vdi hinh nen mot mang vidn thong kd tur he thong cap, he thong tdng dai, he thong thiet bi dau cuoi, he thong nha tram Nguon von dau tu nude ngoai nganh buu chinh, vidn thong phan ldn duqc dau tu cho cac cong trinh ldn, cac cong trinh phu trq chang han nhu he thong nha tram, may nd, he thong dien lai dung nguon von nude, neu cac cong trinh phu trq chua hoan thi cac cong trinh dung von dau tu nude ngoai se trien khai cham Do vay viec huy dong va sir dung nguon von ddi umg nude thuc hien nhanh cac du an dau tu la didu kien quan quyet dinh den viec thu hut va sir dung hieu qua nguon von dau tu nude ngoai Viec sir dung nguon von ddi ung nude ddi vdi cac du an thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cd y nghia rat quan trong, qua dd the hien su cam ket cua phia ddi tac nhan von dau tu nude cung ganh chiu rui ro va trach nhiem cao hon ddi vdi cac du an dau tu cd nguon von true tiep nude ngoai Viec ton tai ddng thdi hai nguon von va ngoai nude cho du an 93 thdi gian qua d Viet Nam da chung minh duqc tinh hieu qua cao cua du an 2.3.7- Da dang hoa cac hinh thurc thu hut va sir dung nguon von dau tu nude ngoai nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Viet Nam Nhu da dd cap d tren, hien linh vuc buu chinh, vidn thong chi mdi ton tai hai hinh thurc dau tu true tiep nude ngoai la lap cac lien doanh san xuat thiet bi buu chinh, vidn thong va hinh thurc Hop ddng hop tac kinh doanh Viec chi ton tai hai hinh thurc dau tu nhu hien nay, da phan nao han che ngudn von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cac linh vuc buu chinh, vidn thong Viec nha dau tu nude ngoai chi duqc tham gia gop von dudi hinh thurc Hop ddng hop tac kinh doanh vao du an dau tu buu chinh, vidn thong se khdng khuyen khich ho dau tu, hoac dau tu vdi sd von nho, ho khong duqc true tiep tham gia vao qua trinh khai thac va cung cap dich vu buu chinh, vidn thong cd thd dan den rui ro doi vdi von dau tu cua ho d mure cao, ho khdng the biet duqc ddng von cua ho bo cd dem lai hieu qua cao nhat hay khdng Ddng thdi ho cung cd tam ly chua tin tuong tuyet doi vao phia doi tac Viet Nam viec sir dung von dau tu cua ho De cd thd huy dong ngudn von dau tu nude ngoai vdi sd luong ldn, dap umg nhu cau phat trien nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Doi hoi phai da dang hoa huy dong ngudn von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai Trudc mat can thuc hien tot lo trinh md cira linh vuc buu chinh, vidn thong phu hop vdi Phap lenh buu chinh, vidn thong, va cam ket theo hiep dinh thuong mai Viet - My Cho phep cac nha dau tu nude ngoai duqc tham gia true tiep vao kinh doanh cac dich vu buu chinh, vidn thong Dac biet khuyen khich cac nha dau 94 tu nude ngoai dfiu tu vdi cung cap cac dich vu, giai phap, san pham cd ky thuat cao, cdng nghe mdi tien tien tren the gidi Thuc hien co phan hoa mot so doanh nghiep buu chinh, vidn thong theo hudng lap tap doan buu chinh, vidn thong Day manh su tham gia thi trudng von, cung nhu thi trudng chung khoan cua cac doanh nghiep buu chinh, vidn thdng qua cac hinh thurc phat hanh co phieu, trai phieu thdng qua thi trudng chung khoan thu hut cac nha dau tu cd to churc nude ngoai Dong thdi thuc hien md hinh co phan hoa cac doanh nghiep cd von dau tu nude ngoai linh vuc buu chinh, vidn thdng Ben canh Nha nude can sdm hinh mot thi trudng von dong bo, tao dieu kien de cac nha dau tu nude ngoai tham gia rong rai hoat dong thi trudng von nude cung nhu thi trudng chtrng khoan 95 KET LUAN Hoat dong dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cang tro bien tren the gidi Nd khong nhung cd vai tro quan doi vdi cac non kinh te dang phat trien ma doi vdi ca cac nen kinh te phat trien Xu the tang nhanh ve khoi luong va cac luong dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tren the gidi la mot tat yeu kinh te, la su bat buoc vd didu kien phat trien cua thdi dai Luan van da: He thong hoa vd nhung van de co ban vd dau tu true tiep nude ngoai, vai tro va tam quan cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi su phat trien kinh te, xa hoi va CNH, HDH cua Viet Nam, gop phan tao nhung nang luc san xuat mdi, nganh nghe mdi, san pham mdi, cong nghe mdi, phuong thurc san xuat kinh doanh mdi; Hoat dong dau tu true tiep nude ngoai da tao mot so luong ldn chd lam viec true tiep va gian tiep cd thu nhap cao, ddng thdi thuc day viec nang cao nang luc cho ngudi lao dong Viet Nam, thuc day qua trinh hoi nhap va md cua kinh te Viet Nam vdi the gidi Nganh buu chinh, viSn thong la nganh kinh te mui nhon, chu luc cua nen kinh te Viet Nam, cd vai tro quan trong nen kinh te quoc dan, su nghiep CNH-HDH dat nude Buu chinh, vidn thong khdng chi la cac phuong tien dan dat thay doi ma la cac phuong tien giai phong tiem nang sang tao va tri thuc tiCm an ngudi Vdi cong nghe buu chinh, vidn thong phat trien, ngudi cd the tiep thu tim tdi duoc ngudn tri thurc cua nhan loai due ket qua hang ngan nam qua cac thong tin tren mang Internet duoc noi mang toan cau, va chua bao gid ngudi lai duoc tiep can mot khoi luong dd so tri thuc cua nhan loai nhu the, cong nghe thong tin giup ngudi tiet kiem duqc thdi gian giai quyet cong viec va sang tao tri thurc mdi De phat trien nganh buu chinh, vidn thong Viet Nam, viec thu hut va sir dung ngudn von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai la mot 96 yeu to quan va da duqc nganh buu chinh, vien thong khang dinh chien luqc phat trien buu chinh, vien thong Viet Nam th den het nam 2010 Luan van da phan tich, danh gia thuc trang cua dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai thdi gian qua, nhung mat tuu da dat duqc va han che can khac phuc cua hinh thurc dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai doi vdi su phat trien nganh buu chinh, vien thong Viet Nam Luan van da dua cac giai phap nham thu hut va su dung nguon von dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai nganh buu chinh, vien thong Viet Nam mot cach hieu qua la: - Hoan chinh he thong phap ly va moi trudng kinh doanh buu chinh, vien thong - To churc va co cau lai Tong cong ty buu chinh vien thong Viet Nam theo hudng tap doan kinh te manh - Phat trien co sd tang vien thong de thu hut von dau tu truc tiep cua nudc ngoai - Phat trien nguon nhan luc cong nghe thong tin, nang cao hieu qua nang luc can bo quan ly, dieu hanh - Nghien curu phat trien va Ung dung khoa hoc cong nghe mdi - Thu hut, su dung nguon von dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai song song nguon von doi Ung nudc - Da dang hoa cac hinh thuc thu hut va su dung nguon von dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai nganh buu chinh, vien thong Viet Nam./ 97 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Tai lieu tieng Viet [01] Vu Tuan Anh, (1997).Thuc trang va nhung vSn de van dung cac hinh thuc kinh te tu ban Nha nudc khu vuc co von dau tu nudc ngoai Tu lieu Vien Kinh te hoc, Ha noi [02] Bao cao tinh hinh san xuat kinh doanh khoi lien doanh cua Tong cong ty Buu chinh Vien thong Viet Nam cac nam 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 [03] Le Van Chau (1995) Von nudc ngoai va chien luoc phat trien kinh te' Viet Nam NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha noi [04] Mai Ngoc Cudng (chu bien) (1993) Cac khu che xuat chau a-Thai binh duong va Viet Nam NXB Thong ke, Ha noi [05] Mai Ngoc Cudng (chu bien) (1994).Mot so van de phat trien kinh te' thi trudng o Viet Nam NXB Thong ke, Ha noi [06] Cong nghiep hoa va chien luoc tang truong dua tren xuat khau, (1997) NXB Chfnh tri quoc gia, Ha noi t [07] Cuoc khung hoang tai chfnh tien te o khu vuc, nguyen nhan va tac dong, (1999) NXB Chfnh tri quoc gia, Ha noi [08] Cai cach kinh te' o cac nudc dang phat trien, (1994) NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha noi [09] Nguyen Huu Cat - Nguyen Thi Thu Ha (1996) Thu hut von dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai qua trinh cong nghiep hoa o cac nudc ASEAN va bai z hoc cho Viet Nam Tap chf Nghien cuu Dong Nam A 98 [10] Ddu tu true tiep cua cac cong ty xuyen quoc gia d cac nudc dang phat trien, (1996) NXB khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha noi [11] DO Dure Dinh (chu bien) 1993 Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai d mot sd nudc Dong Nam a NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha noi [12] Doi mdi kinh te Viet Nam va chinh sach kinh te doi ngoai (1995) NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi [13] DiOu le ve dau tu cua nudc ngoai d nudc Cong hoa xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam (1977) [14] Hiep dinh thuomg mai Viet My Website Bao nhan dan dien tu [15] Kinh nghiem phat trien cua Singapore (1996) NXB Thdng ke, Ha noi [16] Ket qua dieu tra thuc trang doanh nghiep Nha nudc, doanh nghiep co von ddu tu true tiep nudc ngoai (5-1999) NXB Thdng ke, Ha noi [17] Vo Dai Luqc (chu bien) (1996) Cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa Viet Nam den nam 2000 NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha noi [18] - Luat ddu tunudc ngoai tai Viet Nam (1987, 1990, 1992, 1996) [19] - Lenin, toan tap, (1992) NXB Su that, Ha noi [20] - Lenin Chu Nghia de quoc giai doan tot cung cua chu nghia tu ban (1957) NXB Su that, Ha noi [21] - Dd Hoai Nam - Trinh Tat Dat (5-1994) Dau tu true tiep cua nudc ngoai va cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc Tap chi' Nhung van de Kinh te the gidi, trang 3-6 [22] - Nien giam thdng ke Buu dien: 1986-1995; 1996-1998 99 [23] - Pham Thai Quoc (1999) Qua trinh cong nghiep hoa d Trung Quoc Luan an tien si kinh te hoc, Ha noi [24] - Pual A.Samuelson - D.Nordhaus (1989) Kinh te hoc Vien Quan he quoc te, tap [25] - Dd Trung Ta (6/2002) Tham luan tai Hoi thao " Kinh te tri thurc va phat trien kinh te tri thurc tai Viet Nam [26] - Tap chi Nghien curu Kinh te cac nam 1995, 1996, 1997,1998, 1999, 2000 [27] - Nguydn Khac Than - Chu Van Cap (chu bien)(1996) Nhung giai phap chfnh tri, kinh te nham thu hut co hieu qua dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha noi [28] - Thdi bao kinh te Viet Nam cac nam 1995, 1996, 1997,1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 [29] - Ngo Thi Trinh (2/2001) Cac ndn kinh te mdi cong nghiep hoa chau a trudc thdm the ky XXI Nguon tap chi Kinh te Chau a - Thai Binh Duong, so [30] - Trung Tam thong tin buu dien - Tdng Cong ty buu chinh vidn thong Viet Nam: " Phap lenh Buu chfnh Vidn thong gop phan thuc day qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, Ha noi 7-2002 [31] - Trung Tam thong tin buu dien - Tdng Cong ty buu chinh vidn thong Viet Nam: " Dao tao, boi dudng nguon nhan luc d Tdng Cong ty Buu chinh Vidn thong Viet Nam" (Ha noi- 6/2002) 100 [32] - Tong cong ty Buu chinh Vi6n thong Viet Nam: "Bao cao tom tat chien luoc hoi nhap va phat tri^n cua Tong cong ty Buu chinh Vi£n thong Viet Nam den 2010 (Ha noi-2001) [33] - Nguyen Trong Xuan (9/2000) Dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai vdi cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa o Viet Nam tap chi Nghien cuu Kinh te The gidi, so 268 [34] - Nguyen Trong Xuan, (10/1997) Chinh sach dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai cua cac nudc ASEAN va doi mdi chinh sach dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam Tap chi Nhung van da kinh te the gidi so [35] - Nguyen Trong Xuan, (12/1996) Chuyen dich co cau kinh te thdi ky cong nghiep hoa o Singapore Tap chi Nhung van da kinh te the gidi, so Tai lieu tieng Anh: [36] - Developrnent report t 1999) - World dank [37] - Report of Organization of Co-ojopration Economic DDe^loi^mm^t (1998) [38] - Vietnam Economic Time 1996 [39] - Vietnam Economic Time 1997 [40] - Vietnam Economic Time 1998 [41] - Vietnam Economic Time 1999 [42] - World Investment Report 1996 [43] - World Investment Report 1997 [44] - World Investment Report 1998 [45] - World Investment Report 1999 101