Chuyển dịch cơ cấu kinh tế nông thôn trong quá trình đô thị hóa ở huyện gia lâm thành phố hà nội

JI ' •' 11 111 ' — TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ BDBDfflGgGa | -DAI HOC KTQD TT.THdNG TIN THlfVltN PHONG LUAN AN-TVl4u TRAN HOAITRUNG CHUYEN DI CH CO CAU KINH TE NONG THON THONG QUA TRINH DO THIHOA HU YEN GIA LAM THANH PHO HA NOI CHUYfiN NGANH: KINH it CHINH TRI LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH it • I • w N gifdi htfdng dan khoa hoc: PGS.TS TRAN VlfiT TfliN HANOI, NAM 2011 Ldl CAM DOAN Tdi xin cam doan Lutin van la cong trinh nghien cuu cua cd nhtin toi, cac so lieu, trick dan luan van la koan toan trung thuc, co \ r nguon goc rd rang Tac gid luan van Tran Hoai Trung MUC LUC Trang PHAN MO DAU CHVONG 1: CO Sd LY LUAN VA KINH NGHIEM THlTC • • • TIEN VE CHUYEN DICH CO CAU KINH TE NONG THON TRONG QUA TRINH DO THI HO A NGOAI VI 1.1 Do thi hoa ngoai vi va tinh tat yeu chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh thi hoa ngoai vi 1.1.1 Quan niem, vai tro va dac diem cua thi hoa ngoai vi 1.1.1.1 Quan niem ve thi hoa va thi hoa ngoai vi 1.1.1.2 Dac diem va vai tro cua thi hoa ngoai vi den phat trien kinh te xa hoi 1.1.2 Tinh tat yeu chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua 11 trinh thi hoa ngoai vi 1.1.2.1 Co cau kinh te nong thon va chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh thi hoa ngoai vi 11 1.1.2.2 Su can thiet chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh thi hoa ngoai vi 15 r r •> r 1.2 Noi dung, nhung nhan to anh huong den chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh thi hoa ngoai vi z ' 1.2.1 Noi dung chuyen dich co cau kinh te qua trinh thi hoa 18 ngoai vi 18 1.2.1.1 Chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te 18 1.2.1.2 Chuyen dich co cau noi bo nganh kinh te 21 1.2.1.3 Chuyen dich co cau lao dong 28 1.2.2 Nhung nhan to anh huong toi chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh thi hoa 30 1.2.2.1 Nhom nhan to ve dieu kien tu nhien 30 1.2.2.2 Nhom nhan to ve kinh te xa hoi 31 1.2.2.3 Nhom nhan to ve to chuc, ky thuat 34 1.3 Kinh nghiem ve chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh thi hoa cua mot so huyen nude 35 1.3.1 Tong quan kinh nghiem 35 1.3.1.1 Kinh nghiem cua huyen Me Linh - Ha Noi 35 1.3.1.1 Kinh nghiem cua huyen Tir Liem - Ha Noi 37 1.3.2 Bai hoc rut cho huyen Gia Lam 39 CHlTONG 2: THlTC TRANG CHUYEN DICH CO CAU KINH • • • TE NONG THON HUYEN GIA LAM TRONG QUA TRINH DO THI HOA 2.1 41 Dac diem ve dieu kien tu nhien, kinh te - xa hoi cua huyen Gia Lam, Thanh Ha Noi A 41 A 2.1.1 Dac diem ve dieu kien tu nhien cua Huyen 41 2.1.2 Dac diem ve dieu kien kinh te - xa hoi cua Huyen 43 2.2 Thue trang chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon huyen Gia Lam 50 qua trinh thi hoa 2.2.1 Thue trang chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te 50 ' < 2.2.2 Thue trang chuyen dich co cau noi bo nganh kinh te 53 2.2.2.1 Chuyen dich cof cau nganh nong nghiep huyen Gia Lam 53 2.2.2.2 Chuyen dich co cau nganh cong nghiep huyen Gia Lam 60 2.2.2.3 Chuyen dich co cau nganh thucmg mai - dich vu huyen Gia 61 Lam 2.2.3 Thue trang chuyen dich co cau lao dong a r 63 r 2.3 Danh gia chung ve chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon huyen Gia Lam qua trinh thi hoa 65 2.3.1 Nhung tuu da dat duoc 65 2.3.2 Nhung ton tai va nguyen nhan cua nhung ton tai 68 2.3.2.1 Nhung ton tai 68 2.3.2.2 Nguyen nhan cua nhung ton tai 69 CHlTONG 3: PHlTONG HlTONG VA GIAI PHAP THUC DAY CHUYEN DICH CO CAU KINH TE NONG THON O HUYEN GIA LAM TRONG QUA TRINH DO THI HOA 71 3.1 Phuong huong chuyen dich co cau kinh te huyen Gia Lam Ha Noi qua trinh thi hoa 71 3.1.1 Nhung can cu de xuat phuong huong 71 3.1.1.1 Quan diem ve thi hoa nong thon cua Dang, Nha nude 71 3.1.1.2 Xu huong phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua Ha Noi va huyen Gia Lam thdi gian tdi 73 3.1.1.3 Muc tieu chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon huyen Gia Lam 78 3.1.2 Phuong huong thuc day chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon huyen Gia Lam qua trinh thi hoa 80 r 99 r 3.2 Nhung giai phap thuc day chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon huyen Gia lam Ha Noi qua trinh thi hoa 84 3.3.1 Hoan thien qui hoach tong the cua Huyen 84 3.3.2 Tang cudng dao tao, phan bo lai va giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao dong phu hop vdi chuyen dich co cau kinh te qua trinh thi hoa 88 3.3.3 Phan bo von va co cau dau tu hop ly vdi qua trinh chuyen dich co cau kinh te 91 r a 3.3.4 Phat trien co so tang kinh te, xa hoi va xay dung cac trung 9 tarn thuong mai, dich vu de thuc day nhanh qua trinh chuyen dich co cau kinh te 94 3.3.5 Gan chuyen dich co cau kinh te vdi bao ve moi trudng sinh thai 97 KET LUAN 100 DANH MUC • TAILIEU • THAM KHAO PHU• LUC • KEM THEO 101 104 DANH MUC CAC IL VIET TAT Giai thich Chfr cai va ky hieu viet tat r r CCKT Co cau kinh te CNH-HDH Cong nghiep hoa - Hien dai hoa CN-TTCN-XD Cong nghiep - Tieu thu cong nghiep - Xay dung DTH Do thi hoa DH Dai hoc GDP( Gross Domestic Product) Tong san pham quoc noi HBND Hoi dong nhan dan HTX Hop tac xa MTTQ Mat tran to quoc ND-CP Nghi dinh - Chinh phu NQ/TW Nghi quyet/Trung uong QD-UBND Quyet dinh - Uy ban nhan dan RAT Rau an toan THCS Trung hoc co sb TT Thi tran TTLB Thong tu lien bo UBND Uy ban nhan dan WTO To chuc thuong mai the gibi XDCB Xay dung co ban DANH MUC BIEU BANG Trang \ Bang 2.1 r a Hien trang va nhu cau dau tu he thong dudng giao thogg 48 nong thhn hayhn Gia Lam (sh liha dieu tta nam 2010) Bang 2.2 Hinn trang co can kinh tn odng hidg huyen Gin Lam 51 Bang 2.3 Toe dg tngg ttucmg ccc nvsng gmg te treg dig bni aLiyon 52 Gia Lam Bang 2.4 Tog (dg taing truong cug ngnm]! nong nggiep hyh9n Gig 53 Lam giai darn 2006 - 2010 Bang 2.5 Hinn trang dien tihh (Cat nong nghiep huyen Gia Lum giai 54 darn 2006 - 2010 Bang 2.6 Sg tuqng d^n gig sue , gia cmm huyen Gig iLmg giii dong 57 2006-2010 Bang 2.7 (jig tri vg co cau gig tri nganh cong nghiep huycr1 Gig 60 Lam giai darn 2007 - 2010 Bang 2.8 Gia tri va co cau gia tri ngnth! tituong mni - dihh vu huyen 62 Gia Lam giii darn 2007 - 2010 Bang 2.9 Co cau iao dong huyen Gia Lam nam 2005 va 2010 64 Bang 3.1 Gia tri phag tiien kmh tg huyen Gia Lam heeo nganh 79 thoi gian toi r Bang 3.2 t r x Von va phan bo von dau tu o huyen Gia Lam cho cac giag 91 darn r / Phu luc 2.1 Tmh hmh dag dai va dan so huyen Gia Lam qua cac nam 104 Phuluc 2.2 Hien trang cac roa1 cay huyen Gia Lam nam 2006 va 105 2010 i TOM TAT LUAN VAN Chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon co vai tro quan trong phat trien nong thon Gia Lam la mot huyen ngoai Ha Noi, co vi tri dia ly thuan loi de phat trien cac mat kinh te - van hoa - xa hoi Tuy vay huyen Gia Lam hien khong can thiet dat van de an toan luong thuc len hang dau ma can tap trung vao phat trien cong nghiep thuong mai, dich vu, du lich va nong nghiep chat lupng cao Gia Lam phai da dang hoa san xuat theo co che thi trubng, phuc vu cho nhu cau thu Ha Noi, huyen Gia Lam co nhieu tiem nang can dupe khai thac, lai nam khu vuc cong nghiep Ha Noi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh, day la dau moi giao thong thuan loi, lao dong doi dao, co trinh ky thuat, co so tang dune nang cap va tirng budc dupe hoan thien Von dan cua huyen Gia Lam de dau tu cho san xuat Ion Vdi nhung dieu kien do, Gia lam co nhung thuan loi chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon theo hudng tang dan ty cong nghiep, thuong mai, dich vu Trude yeu cau cap bach va nhan thuc dupe tarn quan cua viec chuyen dich kinh te nong thon doi vdi qua trinh thi hoa ngoai vi, la ly tac gia chon de tai: "Chuyen dich eff cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh dd thi hod ff huyen Gia Lam, phd Ha Noi ” lam de tai nghien cuu tot nghiep Luan van su dung cac phuong phap nghien cuu cua kinh te chinh tri lam co so Phuong phap luan cua luan van la Chu nghia vat bien chung va vat lich su lam nen tang cho viec thuc hien cac phuong phap nghien cuu; cac quan diem chu truong cua Dang va Nha nude ve chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh thi hoa Luan van cung su dung cac phuong phap tong hop, thong ke, suu tarn tai lieu va phuong phap khao sat thuc te de danh gia lam sang to van de Luan van gom cd cac chuong sau : Chuong 1: Co1 sd ly luan va kinh nghiem thuc tien ve chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh thi hoa ngoai vi 1.1 Do thi hoa ngoai vi va tinh tat yeu chuyen dich co- cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh thi hoa ngoai vi Trong phan luan van da trinh bay khai quat cac quan niem ve thi hoa va thi hoa ngoai vi Co cau kinh te; co cau kinh te nong thon; chuyen dich co cau ii kinh te nong thon va chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh thi hoa ngoai Ttr nhung quan niem tren luan van di vao phan tich su can thiet chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh thi hoa ngoai vi: Thu nhat, chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh DTH ngoai vi nham dat duqc mot co cau kinh te nganh hop ly, ty giua cac nganh tong the nen kinh te xa hoi dat duqc su can bang; Thu hai, chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh DTH ngoai vi se thuc day phat trien va tang truong kinh te; Thu ba, chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh DTH ngoai vi tao su thay doi co cau dan cu va xa hoi Nhu vay, chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh DTH ngoai vi co vai tro het sue quan doi vdi qua trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Vi vay, qua trinh thi hoa 1.2 Noi dung, nhirng nhan to anh huong den chuyen dich co1 cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh thi hoa ngoai vi Luan van di vao nhung noi dung cua chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thong qua trinh thi hoa ngoai vi gom co: chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te; chuyen dich co cau noi bo nganh kinh te; chuyen dich co cau lao dong Tu nhung noi dung cua chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te; chuyen dich co cau noi bo nganh kinh te; chuyen dich co cau lao dong Luan van da di vao phan tich cac nhan to anh hubng den chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh thi hoa ngoai vi la: - Nhom nhan to ve dieu kien tu nhien: Nhom anh huong den co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh DTH ngoai vi nhat la anh huong true tiep den co cau nganh nong nghiep (theo nghia rong) gom: vi tri dia ly, dat dai, dia hinh, hau, tai nguyen, khoang san co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh DTH ngoai vi bao gom thi truong (trong va ngoai nuoc), he thong cac chinh sach vi mo cua Nha Nuoc, von, co so tang 91 Nang cao chat luong dao tao can bo quan ly tren dia ban Huyen, mu rong hinh thuc dao tao dai hoc tai chuc nham sum co mot doi ngu can bo du manh: gioi ve chuyen mon, vung ve chinh tri, am hieu luat de dap ung yeu cau mui qua trinh chuyen dich cu cau nong thon dia ban Huyen kinh te Muon phat trien kinh te xa hoi ben vung ngoai cac giai phap mang tinh dinh huong, ke hoach, chu truong thi giai phap ve von dau tu la mot dieu kien quan de day nhanh qua trinh phat trien Toc phat trien thi phu thuoc rat nhieu vao viec quan ly va phan bo von dau tu Viec phan bo va su dung von dau tu hup ly se co tac dong tich cue den qua trinh chuyen dich cu cau kinh te, nguuc lai se lam cham qua trinh phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua dia phuong Huyen Gia Lam da co ke hoach su dung nguon von dau tu nhu sau: Bang 3.2: Von va phan bo von dau tu- d’ huyen Gia Lam cho cac giai doan Dem vi tinh: trieu dong Noi dung Giai doan Giai doan 2011-2015 2016-2020 Tong von dau tu 17.100 17.100 2.732.808,97 2.194.137,38 538.671,60 Phat trien Kinh te san xuat 403.300 258.075 145.225 Phat trien nong nghiep hang hoa 341.750 211.525 130.225 Phat trien cong nghiep dich vu 61.550 46.550 15.000 Van hoa-Xa hoi-Moi trudng 414.776 331.715,60 83.060,40 66.500 58.600 7.900 Quy hoach Phat trien tang KTXH He thong chinh tri - , -Ly - - Nguon: Bao cao chuang trinh phat trien kinh te toan dien huyen Gia Lam giai doan 2011-2020 Ghi chu: Nguon von uac tinh huy dong giai doan 92 Huyen tung budc dau tu von cho nong nghiep va nong thon trudc het la von de xay dung co sd tang (dudng, thuy loi, dien, trudng hoc, tram xa) khuyen khich nhan dan, cac nha dau tu va ngoai nudc tham gia dau tu vao cac linh ' vuc truc tiep phuc vu phat trien nong nghiep va nong thon Huyen can nghien cuu phuong an de lai ty le thoa dang cac nguon thu tu thue su dung dat nong nghiep cho cac xa, de thuan tien viec tai dau cho nong nghiep va nong thon Co chinh sach quy dinh cu the huy dong von hop ly cac nguon von nhan dan dac biet la nguon von dong gop vao viec xay dung nong thon Md rong tin dung tang dan von vay trung han va dai han dap ung yeu cau ve von cho Cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa nong nghiep nong thon tren dia ban Huyen The hien chinh sach uu dai ve lai suat va co thdi han tra no rieng doi vdi tin dung cho cac chuong trinh uu tien ve phat trien giao thong nong thon Thdi han cho vay von phai phu hop vdi chu ky sinh trudng cua cay trong, vat nuoi va thdi gian khau hao may moc nong nghiep Khuyen khich va thuc day cac to chuc trung gian ve tin dung phoi hop cac ngan hang dac biet la ngan hang ngudi ngheo, ngan hang nong nghiep de dua von xuong cac xa phuc vu nhu cau vay von cua nhan dan Doi vdi nguon thu tien su dung dat tu cac du an tren dia ban xa, de nghi ngan sach Thanh va ngan sach huyen ho tro xa 100% so thu da thuc hien (sau tru chi phi den bu giai phong mat bang, chi phi dau gia, chi phi dau tu tang tren dat dau gia) bang hinh thuc cap lai du an cho ngan sach xa theo de an duoc duyet theo co che quy dinh hien hanh cua Thanh Theo thong ke tai 17 xa (xa Ninh Hiep, xa Trung Mau va xa Dinh Xuyen khong co dat xen ket) va dat xin chuyen doi de gian dan tai xa Da Ton gom 121 lo vdi tong dien tich 196.852 m2, de nghi Thanh cho phep huyen thu hoi va to chuc dau gia quyen su dung dat Tong so tien dau gia quyen su dung dat du kien thu duoc sau tru chi phi dau gia, den bu giai phong mat bang la 669.584,16 trieu dong, de nghi UBND bao cao HDND xem xet, quyet dinh de lai cho ngan sach huyen 100% Huyen se phan bo 93 cho cac xa theo hinh thuc “cap lai du an” theo du toan duyet de tao nguon von xay dung nong thon Tang cuong cong tac tuyen truyen van dong cac doanh nghiep, hop tac xa, cac to chuc kinh te va tu nhan dau tu xay dung cac cong trinh dien, buu dien, cho, nude sach, ve sinh moi truong, chuyen doi co cau cay trong, xay dung mo hinh nong nghiep sinh thai, phat trien cac hinh thuc to chuc san xuat Tuyen truyen van dong tao su dong thuan, thong nhat cao de cac doanh nghiep, chu du an tu nguyen hudng ung, ho tro dau tu truc tiep vao cac du an nhu cac cong trinh van hoa; cac cong trinh co sd tang ngoai hang rao phuc vu cho viec phat trien san xuat kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep Nhung viec co kha nang thuc hien xa hoi hoa can duoc van dung triet de nham huy dong nguon von tu doanh nghiep dau tu theo cac du an, chuong trinh Khong ngung tang cuong cong tac thong tin, tuyen truyen de nang cao nhan thuc va tao su hudng ung, dong thuan cua cac tang lop nhan dan ve noi dung, nhiem vu va trach nhiem phoi hop vdi cac cap, cac nganh va trach nhiem dong gop tien cua, cong suc de xay dung cong nong thon mdi tren dia ban Viec huy dong dong gop cua nhan dan ket hop chat che giua viec huy dong bang tien vdi viec dong gop cong lao dong tham gia truc tiep xay dung, viec dong gop cong lao dong la chinh Dong thoi, xay dung co che linh hoat viec huy dong dong gop cua nhan dan theo phuong thuc: “Nhung ho co dieu kien kinh te duoc phep dong gop 100% bang tien thay cho viec dong gop bang r \ \ \ •> cong suc, doi vdi cac ho kho khan ve nguon tien mat co the huy dong dong gop them cong suc va giam mot phan dong gop bang tien Cac ho ngheo duoc mien phan dong gop bang tien, chi dong gop bang cong suc ’ MTTQ va cac doan the chinh tri tang cuong cong tac van dong em nhan dan dia phuong dang song va lam viec tu cac dia phuong khac nudc hoac dang song va lam viec d nudc ngoai phat huy tinh than dan toc, uong nudc nhd nguon de cung tham gia dong gop xay dung que huong 94 Trong qua thuc hien moi can soat toan bo cac chuong trinh, du an dang dau tu, du an chuan bi dau tu de xay dung phuong an va ke hoach long ghep cac du an, chuong trinh muc tieu quoc gia voi viec thuc hien cac nhiem vu dau tu xay dung nong thon mdi De nang cao hieu qua dau tu tren co sd long ghep cac chuong trinh du an chuong trinh muc tieu cua Trung uong, Thanh vdi nhiem vu dau tu xay dung \ r r r > nong thdn mdi, de nghi Thanh uu tien bo tri von long ghep tir cac chuong trinh muc tieu cua Trung uong, Thanh va co che huy dong, ho tro tir ngan sach cap tren theo Quyet dinh 381/QD-UBND 04/08/2010 cua UBND Thanh thuong mai, dich vu de thuc day nhanh qua trinh chuyen dich cff cau kinh te Huyen Gia Lam het sue coi viec phat trien co sd tang kinh te, xa hoi Trong giai doan 2011 - 2020, Huyen coi day la dieu kien tien quyet, nhiem vu chien luge de phat trien kinh te xa hoi va chuyen dich co cau kinh te tren dia ban Thuc hien muc tieu Huyen de cac nhiem vu cu the giai doan tdi nhu sau: Phat trien tang kinh te: Day la dieu kien co ban va quan de day nhanh qua trinh chuyen dich co cau kinh te tren dia ban Huyen Neu duoc dinh hudng phat trien co sd tang tot se tao dieu kien thuan loi cho cac nganh kinh te cua Huyen phat trien keo theo su phat trien dong bo cua kinh te xa hoi Tu Huyen da de giai phap phat trien tang nong thdn cu the sau: Xay dung mdi cac trung tam thuong mai lon tai hai thi tran cua Huyen la thi tran Trau Quy va thi tran Yen Vien Hinh cac sieu thi kinh doanh tong hop va chuyen doanh, cua hang tu chon d xa Kieu Ky, Bat Trang, Kim Son Phil Dong, Yen Thuong va xa Co Bi, vira phuc vu ngudi dan dia phuong, vira dap ung nhu cau mua sam cua khach tham quan du lich Xay dung Trung tam thuong mai Co Bi ket hop vdi xay dung van phong cho thue dap ung nhu cau thuong mai va dich vu cua cac khu cong nghiep mdi lan 95 can Xay dung chp dau moi Dong Du ket hop lam trung tam thuong mai Cai tao nang cap cho dau moi thuoc Nam thuoc Bac d Ninh Hiep Xay dung mdi chp dan sinh tai cac xa: Duong Quang, Le Chi, Duong Ha, Van Due Cai tao nang cap 13 chp tai cac xa: Phu Thi, Duong Quang, Dang Xa, Kim Son, Duong Xa, Phu Ddng, Trung Mau, Ninh Hiep, Yen Thudng (2 chp) Bat Trang, Ddng Du Ve giao thong: Lam mdi 12,93 km duong true xa, lien xa, 70,67 km duong true thon, lien thon, 93,48 km duong ngo xom va 265,66 km duong true chinh noi ddng Nang cap 24,53 km duong true xa, lien xa; 59,73 km duong true thon, lien thon; 140,7 km duong ngo xom va 2,07 km true chinh noi ddng Nang cap, lam mdi cac true duong chinh phu hpp vdi quy hoach co yeu cau va theo dieu kien cu the Ve thuy lpi: Xay dung mdi 15 tram bom tudi, 11 tram bom tieu, kien cd hoa 237,22 km kenh muong cap xa quan ly Nang cap 38 tram bom tudi, tram bom tieu, nang cap 12,17 km muong xay xuong cap Cai tao, nang cap cac tuyen tieu chinh cua vung Nam Duong nhu: tieu vao song Cau Bay cong Xuan Thuy; Tieu vao song Kien Thanh cong Tan Quang; Tieu cong Hoang Xa Lam mdi: 56 tram bien ap, lap dat mdi 31,42 km duong day cao the, 68,21 km duong day the, lap dat he thong chieu sang cong cong d cac xa Cai tao nang cap: 43 tram bien ap; nang cap 24,16 km dudng day cao the va 186,35 km dudng day the Phat trien ca sa tang xa hoi: Ben canh phat trien co sd tang kinh te viec phat trien tang xa hoi cung la mot dieu kien het sue quan de huyen Gia Lam chuyen dich nhanh co cau kinh te theo hudng thi Lanh dao huyen dac biet quan tam den viec phat trien cac cong trinh dich vu cong Huyen de mot so giai phap, muc tieu phat trien cu the giai doan 2011-2020 nhu sau: Xay dung mdi: trudng mam non, trudng tieu hoc, trudng trung hoc co sd dat chuan (gom 266 phong hoc, phong chuc nang cua cac trudng mam non, 237 96 phong hoc, phong chuc nang cua cac truong tieu hoc va 214 phong hoc, phong chuc nang cua cac truong trung hoc co so) Cai tao nang cap: truong tieu hoc (gom 108 phong hoc, 12 phong chuc nang cua cac truong mam non; 97 phong hoc, 48 phong chuc nang cua cac truong tieu hoc; 83 phong hoc, 51 phong chuc nang cua cac truong trung hoc co so Nang cap cac cong trinh bo tro va mua sam bo sung trang thiet bi day va hoc cho tat ca cac truong Co so van hoa: Xay dung moi 19 nha van hoa, khu the thao xa; 41 nha van hoa, 44 khu the thao thon Nang cap 56 nha van hoa thon Cai tao nang cap duong day va hoac trang thiet bi may moc cho he thong dai truyen tai cac xa Trung tu, ton tao dot cho 105 di tich van hoa da xep hang Dao tao nghe cho 9.500 lao dong tre de chuyen sang san xuat kinh doanh phi nong nghiep Tap huan ky thuat san xuat cho 10.000 nong dan Dao tao boi duong kien thuc to chuc san xuat, kien thuc quan ly, kinh te thi truong cho can bo hop tac xa cac chu trang trai Dao tao kien thuc quan ly, to chuc thuc hien xay dung nong thon moi cho can bo Dang, chinh quyen, cac doan the tu xa den cac thon, dac biet la hoi dong nhan dan xa Xay dung cac trung tam y te tuyen xa, tang cuong cac hoat dong cong tac y te xa Xay dung cac giai phap tri qua dat chuan quoc gia ve y te xa, thong tin tuyen truyen ve cong tac y te, ke hoach hoa dan so va gia dinh khong che ty le tang dan so tu nhien o muc 1,2% Van dong nhan dan tich cuc tham gia uc bao hiem y te tu nguyen Xay dung cac trung tam van hoa thon, ho tro dao tao 100 can bo lam cong tac van hoa phuc vu thuc hien cong tac phat trien van hoa o nong thon Tang cuong cong tac thong tin tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thuc cua nguoi dan ve y thuc giu gin ve sinh moi truong nong thon, an toan thuc pham, van hoa giao thong, van de binh dang gioi va trach nhiem cua nguoi dan viec trien khai thuc hien chuong trinh xay dung nong thon moi Xay dung cac qui uoc lang xa ve xay dung nep song van minh; phong chong hu tuc va te nan xa hoi Phat dong phong trao toan dan doan ket 97 xay dung ddi song van hoa, tam la xay dung gia dinh van hoa, lang van hoa, khu dan cu tien tien Phat trien manh cac hoat dong van hoa, the thao, phat dong phong trao toan dan tham gia ren luyen sue khde, to chuc cac cuoc thi dau the thao Day manh viec thuc hien xa hoi hoa cac hoat dong van hoa, the thao, du lich, dich vu d nong thon Bao ve va cai thien moi trudng ndng thon: Xay dung nha may cap nudc sach tai xa Dinh Xuyen va Thi tran Trau Quy de cung cap nudc sach cho dan Van dong nhan dan cai tao 4.940 be nudc, 7.771 nha tam, 7.695 nha tieu dat tieu chuan ve sinh, cai tao 1.948 cong trinh xu chat thai chan nuoi Xay dung 2.496 ham Biogas de xu ly chat thai chan nuoi Xay dung 110 diem thu gom rac thai d cac thon de chd di xu ly Chinh trang quy hoach 70 nghia trang nhan dan dat tieu chuan ve sinh mdi trudng va cd quy che quan ly r r r 3.3.5 Gan chuyen dich ca cau kinh te vdi bao ve mdi truong sinh thdi Cung vdi qua trinh thi hoa huyen Gia Lam la sue ep ve mdi trudng thi Van de o nhiem moi trudng thi la mot van de ma hau het cac vung ven qua trinh thi hoa hoac cac thi da hinh md rong nhanh chong phai ganh chiu O khu vuc ven vdi luong ldn to va xe may, vdi nhieu nha may san xuat cac thi, cac khu dang thi hoa da day mdi trudng thi trd len ngot ngat va nhiem O nhiem tu thai, ttr bui, nhiem am thanh, luong chi khong cua cac phuong tien d nhieu thi da gia tang dang ke Lupng thai gay hieu ung nha kinh qua trinh cong nghiep hoa gay cung cd xu hudng tang len Cac van de nhiem khong khi, d nhiem nguon nudc, van de chat thai sinh hoat dang la van de dat quan ly thi qua trinh thi hoa Tren dia ban huyen Gia Lam cd rat nhieu lang nghe truyen thong nhu gom str Bat Trang, dupc lieu d Ninh Hiep, nghe quy vang d Kieu Ky, che bien go va san xuat moc d Ninh Hiep mang lai thu nhap cho mot bo phan dan cu kinh doanh gan bo vdi nghe, tao cong an viec lam cho ngudi lao dong Ben canh nhung mat tich cue tren su phat trien cua cac lang nghe keo theo van de nhiem mdi trudng nudc thai, nhiem khong khoi bui, nhiem nguon nudc hoa chat doc hai Cac lang nghe can co bien phap bao ve moi truong, xay dung mo hinh cac lang nghe truyen thong ket hop bao ve moi truong sinh thai Nguon nuoc thai truoc thai moi truong can duoc xu ly, cac lo nung nau ap dung cong nghe san xuat lo tuynel han che den muc thap nhat cac kieu lo nung truyen thong Qua trinh thi hoa nong thon co nhung anh hudng dang ke den moi truong va tai nguyen thien nhien, den su can bang sinh thai: tai nguyen dat bi khai thac triet de de xay dung thi, lam giam dien tich cay xanh va mat nuoc, gay ung ngap, cung voi nhu cau nuoc phuc vu sinh hoat, dich vu, san xuat cang tang lam suy thoai nguon tai nguyen nuoc; nhieu xi nghiep, nha may gay o nhiem moi truong lon truoc day nam d ngoai thanh, da lot vao giua cac khu dan cu dong duc; md rong khong gian thi ddn den chiem dung dat nong nghiep, anh hudng den van de an toan luong thuc quoc gia va den doi song cua nhan dan ngoai thanh; san xuat cong nghiep phat trien manh lam phat sinh mot luong lon chat thai, chat thai nguy hai cang gia tang; bung no giao thong co gioi gay o nhiem moi truong khong va tieng on nghiem Mot nhung nguyen nhan chinh cua tinh trang o nhiem moi truong tai cac thi la cac van de moi truong chua duoc de cap day du va quan tam dung muc quy hoach xay dung thi Ngoai viec quy hoach su dung dat va phan khu chuc nang, cac van de co sd tang ky thuat thi, nhu he thong thoat nuoc, thu gom va xu ly rac, xu ly nuoc thai, giam o nhiem khong va tieng on, phai duoc quan tam dung muc Giai quyet nhung bat cap cua moi truong sinh thai qua trinh thi hoa gay la mot nhung giai phap quan cua Huyen Bdi le chi giai quyet duoc van de ve moi truong thi viec chuyen doi co cau kinh te moi trd len thuan loi huong toi su phat trien thi ben vung Cac giai phap ve moi truong tao dieu kien thuan loi hon phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, Huyen can tap trung nhom cac giai phap bao ve moi truong nhu sau: Giai quyet o nhiem moi truong nuoc: Tranh tinh trang khai thac nuoc ngam tran lan, gay o nhiem va can kiet nguon nuoc, vay can tap trung quan ly tot nguon nuoc ngam phuc vu san xuat va sinh hoat cua thi Giai phap lau dai la bao 99 dam chat luong nguon nudc va moi trudng sinh thai cua cac song va ao ho tren dia ban Huyen, lam sach cac nguon nudc song ho Ddi vdi cac nha may xi nghiep, cac co sd san xuat can cd bien phap bat buoc ve xu ly nudc thai trudc cac song nham dam bao chat luong nudc song khoi cac chat thai, hoa chat doc hai Ddi vdi cac khu cong nghiep mdi xay dung, he thong xu ly nudc thai cong nghiep phai dupe xay dung dong thdi cung vdi viec phat trien du an khu cong nghiep Vdi cac xi nghiep, co sd san xuat nam rieng re phai xay dung cac tram xu ly nudc thai cue bo Ddi vdi cac khu dan cu, he thong thoat nudc cua cac khu vuc can thiet ke tach rieng vdi he thong nudc mua Ddi vdi van de o nhiem rac thai: Phat trien cong nghiep va thi se lam gia tang luong ldn rac thai cac loai Cac loai rac thai cong nghiep doc hai can phai tach khoi cac rac thai thong thuong va dupe xu ly theo yeu cau rieng re phu hop vdi tung loai rac thai O khu vuc ndng thdn rac thai can dupe xu ly theo hai hinh thuc nhu: Xu ly tai cho: Ddi vdi cac ho gia dinh ndng nghiep, rac thai sinh hoat va rac thai chan nuoi can dupe khuyen khich theo dang be biogas tai cac gia dinh, qua vua giai quyet dupe van de rac thai, vua cd the thoa man nhu cau ve nang luong Huyen can ho tro mot phan kinh phi de cac ho chan nuoi quy md trang trai dau tu cong trinh xu ly nudc thai Xu ly tap trung: Ddi vdi khu vuc lang nghe hoac cac khu cong nghiep, cum cong nghiep ndng thdn va cac khu vuc tap trung dan cu nhu cac trung tam dich vu ndng thdn, rac thai se dupe xu ly tai cac nha may xu ly rac thai hoac chon lap tai cac bai rac cua Huyen Day la linh vuc dem lai lpi ich cho ca cong dong nen can dupe nha nudc tao co che dau tu phu hop, can cd su bao tro va ho tro cua nha nudc Nhu vay, cung qua trinh chuyen dich co cau kinh te, huyen Gia Lam can het sue coi van de bao ve mdi trudng Vai trd cua cac cap chinh quyen tu Trung uong den dia phuong la het sue quan Cd chinh sach va bien phap dung dan bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai se thuc day phat trien kinh te - xa hoi ben vung 100 KET LUAN Chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thon qua trinh thi hoa la mot van de can thiet giai doan hien cua nudc ta, dac biet la nen kinh te thi trudng Trong nhung nam gan day, qua trinh va toe do thi hoa dien vdi nhip nhanh tren toan lanh tho dac biet la cac huyen ngoai ven nhu huyen Gia Huyen, dac biet la doi vdi khu vuc san xuat nong nghiep Huyen Gia Lam la huyen cd nhieu tiem nang ve tai nguyen, nguon lao dong, cd nhieu lang nghe truyen thong va trung tam cong nghiep cua trung uong va dong tren dia ban da tao dieu kien cho kinh te xa hoi huyen Gia Lam kha phat trien so vdi cac huyen ngoai khac Toe do thi hoa cua huyen Gia Lam tuong ddi cao se dan den mot bd phan nong dan bi mat dat canh tac Chuyen dich co cau kinh te va co cau lao dong nhanh vuc cong nghiep va dich vu - gop phan thuc hien cong muc tieu chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thdn huyen Gia Lam Nhung nam qua, co cau kinh te nong thdn cua Huyen da cd su chuyen dich theo hudng tich cue, phu hop vdi dieu kien cua vung va dat duoc muc tieu de cua Huyen Tuy nhien ben canh nhung tuu dat duqc van mot sd ton tai ma thdi gian tiep theo qua trinh chuyen dich co cau kinh te nong thdn huyen Gia Lam cd duqc, de qua trinh thi hoa nong thdn Gia Lam dat duqc nhung tuu va nhung budc phat trien vung chac gop phan chung vao qua trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua thu Ha Noi va ca nudc 101 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Dai hoi Dang bo huyen Gia Lam (khoa 20), Bao cao chinh tri Bao cao dur thao, Quy hoach tong the phat trien kinh te xa hoi huyen Gia Lam den nam 2020 Bao cao du thao, Quy hoach tong the phat trien kinh te xa hoi Thanh Ha Noi den nam 2020 Bo Giao due va Dao tao (2007/ Kinh te Chinh tri Mac - Le Nin, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi Cong thong tin dien tu Bo Nong nghiep va phat trien nong thon C.Mac va Ph.Angghen (1994), Toan tap, tap 25, phan II, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi Chi cue Thong ke huyen Gia Lam, Nien giam thong ke huyen Gia Lam cac nam 2005-2010, NXB Thdng ke, Ha Noi Cue Thong ke Ha Noi, Nien giam thong ke Thanh Ha Noi cac nam 2005- 2010, NXB Thdng ke, Ha Noi Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, Giao trinh Kinh te Phat trien, Nha xuat ban Lao dong - Xa hoi, Ha Noi 2008 10 Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, Giao trinh Kinh te Do thi, Nha xuat Giao due, Ha Noi 2002 11 Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan - Uy ban nhan dan Thanh Ha Noi: Ky yeu hoi thao khoa hoc, Day nhanh qua trinh cong nghiep hod - hien dai hod thu do, NXB Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, Ha Noi 2010 12 Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ldn thu: VII, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, nam 1991 13 Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ldn thic VIII, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, nam 1996 ■> r a 14 Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ldn thu IX, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, nam 2001 102 15 Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien hoi nghi lan thu VIIBan chap hanh Trung uong khoa X ve ndng nghiep, nong dan, ndng thdn, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, nam 2008 16 Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ldn thuX, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, nam 2006 17 Do Hoai Nam (chu bien), Chuyen dich co cau kinh te nganh va phat trien cac nganh diem mui nhon d Viet Nam, NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi nam 1996 18 Giao trinh Kinh te nong nghiep - Khoa kinh te nong nghiep va phat trien nong thon nam 1996 19 Giao trinh Kinh te nong nghiep - Nha xuat ban thong ke Ha Noi nam 2004 20 Giao trinh Kinh te chinh tri Mac - Lenin, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi nam 2007 21 Le Du Phong, Nguyen Thanh Do, Chuyen dich CCKT dieu kien hoi nhap vdi khu vuc va the gidi, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, nam 1999 22 Nguyen Dinh Phan (chu bien), Pham Khiem Ich, Tac dong cua Nha nudc nham chuyen dich CCKT theo hudng cong nghiep, HDH d nudc ta hien nay, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, nam 1997 23 Nghi quyet dai hoi Dang VIII ve kinh te nong nghiep Viet Nam 24 Pham Khiem Ich va Nguyen Dinh Phan (chu bien), CNH va HDH d Viet Nam va cac nudc khu vuc, NXB Thong ke Ha Noi, nam 1994 25 Pham Xuan Nam, Qua trinh phat trien cong nghiep d Viet Nam, trien vong CNH, HDH dat nudc, NXB khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi, nam 2002 26 PGS TS Le Dinh thang, TS Pham Van Khoi, Ddi mdi va hoan thien chinh sach ndng nghiep ndng thdn, NXB nong nghiep HN nam 1995 27 PGS.TS Ngo Doan Vinh, Ban ve phat trien kinh te (nghien cuu dudng dan den giau sang), NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, nam 2005 28 PGS-TS Vu Van Phuc, TS Mai The Hon, Tim hieu mon hoc kinh te chinh tri Mac - Lenin, Nha XB ly luan chinh tri nam 2004 29 Tap chi kinh te phat trien so thang 10 nam 2011 103 30 Uy ban nhan dan huyen Gia Lam, De an xay dung nong thdn mai huyen Gia Lam giai doan 2010-2020, dinh hudng 2030 31 V.I Lenin (1963), Toan tap, tap 22, NXB Su that, Ha Noi 104 Phu luc 2.1 : Tinh hinh dat dai va dan so huyen Gia Lam qua cac nam Nam 2006 Ten don vi hanh chinh Dien tich Km2 D.so (Ng) Toan huyen M.dQ ng/km Nam 2007 D.so (Ng) Nam 2008 M.do ng/km D.sd (Ng) M.do ng/km Nam 2009 D.so (Ng) M.do ng/km 114,79084 219.450 1.912 224.760 1.958 229602 2.000 234485 2.043 TT Yen Vien 1,01646 12.435 12.234 12.594 12.594 13.495 13.276 13.470 13.252 TT Trau Quy 7,24784 18.929 2.612 19.616 9.808 20.032 2.764 20.812 2.871 Yen Thuong 8,62150 16.662 1.817 16.033 5.344 16.316 1.892 16.688 1.936 Yen Vien 3,61077 12.097 3.350 12.336 3.084 12.565 3.480 12.876 3.566 Ninh Hiep 4,88860 15.075 3.084 15.410 3.082 15.714 3.214 16.183 3.310 Dinh Xuyen 3,14514 9.242 2.939 9.410 1.568 9.554 3.038 9.755 3.102 Duong Ha 2,67420 5.409 2.023 5.564 795 5.665 2.118 5.787 2.164 Phu Ddng 11,65653 12.224 1.049 12.370 1.546 12.683 1.088 12.952 1.111 Trung Mau 4,28200 5.209 1.216 5.264 585 5.328 1.244 5.412 1.264 Le Chi 8,10110 10.617 1.311 11.120 1.112 11.325 1.398 11.574 1.429 Co Bi 5,02911 8.870 1.764 9.118 829 9.265 1.842 9.416 1.872 Dang Xa 5,87199 8.423 1.434 8.568 714 8.733 1.487 8.859 1.509 Phu Thi 4,70271 7.270 1.546 7.531 579 7.693 1.636 7.871 1.674 Kim Son 6,29983 11.165 1.772 11.457 818 11.620 1.844 11.778 1.870 D Quang 5,28671 10.500 1.986 10.686 712 10.904 2.063 11.153 2.110 Duong Xa 4,87673 10.579 2.169 10.901 681 11.213 2.299 11.474 2.353 Dong Du 3,53614 4.374 1.237 4.496 264 4.593 1.299 4.756 1.345 Da Ton 7,22140 11.025 1.527 11.255 625 11.497 1.592 11.732 1.625 Kieu Ky 5,61019 10.430 1.859 10.743 565 10.790 1.923 11.002 1.961 Bat Trang 1,64030 7.436 44.533 7.544 377 7.650 4.664 7.774 4.739 Kim Lan 2,91929 5.720 1.959 5.802 276 5.904 2.022 5.981 2.049 Van Dire 6,55230 6.759 1.032 6.942 316 7.063 1.078 7.180 1.096 Nguon: Phong thong ke huyen Gia Lam 105 Phu luc 2.2: Hien trang cac loai cay huyen Gia Lam nam 2006 va 2010 Nam 2006 Chi tieu TDTGT cd nam Nam 2010 D Tich N Suat S luong D Tich NSuat S luong Ta/ha Tan Ta/ha Tan 11.414 10.906,9 Tong SLLT qui thoc(tan) 3.8619,5 41.085,7 Trong do: thoc 3.0262,7 30.226 Cay luong thyc 8.540 Lua ca nam 6.554 46,2 3.0262,7 6.332,4 47,7 30.226 Lua dong xuan 3.119 51,0 15.897,5 3.025,9 50,7 15.347 Lua mua 3.435 41,8 14.365,2 3.306,5 45,0 14.879 Ngo ca nam 1.986 42,1 8.356,8 2.089,7 52,0 10.859,7 1.950 42,2 8.229,0 1.926,7 52,9 10.197,9 36 35,5 127,8 163 40,6 661,8 Khoai lang 64 85 544 36,9 92,0 339,5 Khoai so 12 230 276 231,4 162 Vu dong xuan Vu he thu Cay thirc pham Rau cac loai 8.466 1.222 1.189,0 1.277,9 179,6 21.356,4 1.269,9 186,3 23.663,9 Rau dong xuan 920 184,3 16.958 1.004,9 189,9 19.083,3 Rau he thu 269 163,5 4.398 265 172,9 4581 33 10,1 33,4 11,5 9,2 Dau cac loai Cay cong nghiep 1.413 926,1 Dau tuong 799 14,2 1.135,4 514,1 17,3 891,9 Lac 611 16,9 1.035,2 409 18,1 741 Mia 300 90 300,0 90 Cay hang nam khac 163 Cay lam thuoc 15 Hoa cac loai 28 Cay thuc an gia sue 120 236,9 285 333,3 427,5 4.000 285,0 85,5 21,3 155,4 330,9 144 341,8 4.922,6 Nguon: Phdng thong ke huyen Gia Lam