Một số giải pháp chủ yếu nhằm tăng cường thu hút khách du lịch đến nước nhdcnd lào

TRUdNG DAI HOC KINH Te' QUo’c DAN *** KHONESAVANH BOUTSADY JW _ g gj? M ^g ^g MOT SO GIAI PHAP CHO YEU NHAM TANG CUUNG gf gjr THU HUT KHACH DU LICH QUGC TE DEN NUOTC CHUCNU LAU ChuyGn nganh KINH T< DU LjCH LUAN VAN THAC SYKINHTE • • AI H _D DAI HOC OC kKTQD thong TIN THUi/IEN Ngtfdi htf&ng dSn khoa hoc: TS TRAN TH{ MINH HOA HA NOI -2007 MUC LUC • • DANH MVC (Hl VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG, BIEU, SO DO TOM TAT LUAN VAN LCJI Md DAU CHlTONG 1: CO sd LY LU AN VE KHACH DU LICH VA CAC • • GIAI PHAP NHAM THU HUT KHACH DU LICH 1.1 Mot so ly luan co ban ve khach du lich 1.1.1 Khai niem ve khach du lich 1.1.2 Phan loai khach du lich X X 1.1.3 Nhung noi dung nghien cuu ve dac diem cua nguon khach 1.2 Cac dieu kien de thu hut khach du lich 15 1.2.1 Tai nguyen du lich 15 1.2.2 Dieu kien ve nen kinh te 21 1.2.3 Dieu kien ve chinh tri - van hoa - xa hoi 22 1.3 Cac giai phap nham thu hut khach du lich 24 X 1.3.1 Giai phap ve quan ly nha nude 24 1.3.2 Giai phap ve co sd vat chat ky thuat ; 26 1.3.3 Giai phap ve nguon nhan lire du lich 27 1.3.4 Giai phap da dang hoa loai hinh, san pham du lich 28 X z 1.3.5 Giai phap ve xue tien quang ba 29 Chirong 2: DANH GIA TIHC TRANG THU HUT KHACH DU LICH QUOC TE DEN NUOC CHDCND LAO 31 2.1 Ket qua kinh doanh du lich quoc te den nude CHDCND Lao 31 2.1.1 Doanh thu cua du lich Lao 31 r r r •> 2.1.2 Doanh thu cua du lich quoc te so vdi cac nganh xuat khau khac cua Lao 33 So luong cua kHob du lich., 34 2.2 Nghlen ccrn dac diem cua thi truong Ik^iic^ti du lich quoc te den nucrc CHDCND Lao 35 2.2 Dae diem cua nguon khach 35 2.2.2 Co cau khach du lich quoc te den Lao theo quoc rich 37 2.2.3 So luong khach du lich den Lao theo thang 43 2.2.4 So luong khach du lich den tham Lao theo cac Tinh 44 2.2.5 Dac diem tieu dung cua khach du lich quoc te den Lao 46 2.3 Danh gia dieu kien de thu hut khach du lich quoc te den nuoc CHDCND Lao 53 X X 2.3.1 Dieu kien nguon tai nguyen du lich 55 2.3.2 Tinh hinh an ninh, chinh tri va dieu kien an toan cho du khach tai Lao 69 2.3.3 Dieu kien phat trien kinh te o Lao 70 r 2.3.4 Dieu kien ve co so vat chat ky thuat tang xa hoi 73 X X x X 2.4 Danh gia cac giai phap nham thu hut khach du lich cua Lao 80 X 2.4.1 Giai phap ve quan ly nha nuoc 80 2.4.2 Cac giai phap ve co so vat chat ky thuat du lich cua Lao thoi gian qua 86 2.4.3 Cac giai phap ve nguon nhan luc du lich cua Lao 91 X 9 2.4.4 Cac giai phap ve phat trien cac loai hinh va san pham du lich 93 2.4.5 Cac giai phap ve xuc tien du lich 94 2.5 Nhung nhan xet rut tu phan tich thuc trang thu hut khach du lich quoc te cua nuoc CHDCND Lao 96 2.5.1 Thuan loi 96 2.5.2 Kho khan 97 2.5.3 Nhung mat da lam duoc 97 2.5.4 Nhung mat han che 98 2.5.5 Nhung nguyen nhan 100 Chuong 3: MQT SO GIAI PHAP CHU YEU NHAM TANG CUONG THU HUT KHACH DU LICH QUOC TE DEN NlTOC CHDCND LAO 101 3.1 Phuong hudng va muc tieu phat trien du lich cua nuoc CHDCND Lao 101 3.1.1 Phuong hudng phat trien du lich 101 3.1.2 Muc tieu phat trien du lich 101 F r \ r 3.2 Mot so giai phap chu yeu nham tang cuong thu hut khach du lich quoc te den Lao thoi gian toi 103 3.2.1 Hoan thien cong tac to chuc quan ly nganh du lich Lao 103 3.2.2 Tang cuong dau tu cho co so vat chat ky thuat tang xa hoi 106 3.2.3 Phat trien cac co so vat chat ky thuat du lich 108 3.2.4 Dao tao, boi duong phat trien nguon nhan luc du lich 109 3.2.5 Da dang hoa cac loai hinh, san pham du lich 110 3.2.6 Day manh hoat dong tuyen truyen quang ba du lich 112 KET LU AN .114 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 116 PHU LLC DANH MUC CAC CHU* VIET TAT ADB Ngan hang phat trien Chau A (Asian Development Bank) ASEAN Hiep hoi cac Quoc gia Dong Nam A (Association of r r heast Asian Nations) ATF Dien dan Du lich ASEAN ((Asean Tourism Forum) DL Du lich JICA Co quan hop tac quoc te Nhat Ban (Japan International Cooperation Agency) KDL Khach du lich ODA Hiep trq von phat trien chinh thuc / (Official Development Aids) PATA Hiep hoi Du lich chau A Thai Binh Duong (Pacific Asia Travel Association) UBND Uy ban nhan dan 10 UNDP Chuong trinh phat trien Lien Hiep Quoc r (United Nations Development Program) 11 UNESCO < To chuc giao due, khoa hoc va van hoa cua Lien Hiep Quoc (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization) 11 WTO To chuc Du lich the gidi (World Tourism Organization) 13 WTO To chuc thuong mai the gidi (World Trade Organization) DANH MUC, BANG, BIEU, SO DO Trang Bans 2.1 : Doanh thu va so luong khach du lich den Lao tir giai doan 2001-2005 31 Bans 2.2: Doanh thu cua nam 2005 31 Bans 2.3 : Doanh thu nganh du lich va nganh xuat khau khac 32 Bans 2.4: giai doan 2001 - 2005 A Ty phan thi truong theo theo khu vuc giai doan 35 Bans 2.5 2001-2005 z r Toe tang truong cua khach du lich theo quoc tich giai doan 2001 - 2005 38 Bans 2.6: Ty phan thi trucmg cua khach du lich theo quoc tich giai doan 1999 - 2005 Bans 2.7: 40 So luong khach du lich den Lao theo thang giai doan 2002-2005 Bans 2.8: 42 Ca cua khau khach du lich vao Lao giai doan 2001 - 2005 (Lao co 14 cua khau) r Bans 2.9: 43 r So luong khach du lich den tham Lao theo cac tinh giai doan 2001-2005 Bans 2.10\ 44 Ket qua dieu tra doi vdi khach du lich quoc te den Lao nam 2002-2005 46 Bans 2.11: Su phan bo nhung co so luu tru va so luong phong theo cac 87 Bans 2.12' tinh tai Lao giai doan 2001 - 2005 r A Cong suat su dung buong theo cac tinh tai Lao giai doan 2001 -2005 83 Bans 3.1: Du bao mot so chi tieu ve khach du lich quoc te den Lao giai doan 2007 - 2010 102 So luong khach du lich den Lao tu giai doan 1990 - 2005 Bang 4.1: 117 r So luong khach du lich vao Lao theo khu vuc giai doan Bang 4.2: 118 1991 -2005 Nhung hinh thuc khach du lich vao Lao theo cac thang giai Ban< g 4.3: doan 2003-2005 119 r a r Batng 4.4: Ty phan hi tiurong dung dau khach du lich quoc te vao Lao Bang 4.5: Khach du lich noi dia cac tinh di du lich nuoc ngoai giai doan 2003-2005 122 So luong khach Uu lich dur had tu gi doan 1993-2010 Bang 4.6: 121 193 So luong khach du lich den tham then cac thang va du doan Bang 4.7; theo cac nam toi 124 Bieu 2.1: Ty le khach du lich vao Lao theo cac cua khau 43 Bieu 4.1 Bieu tang truong cua khach du lich quoc te den Into 119 Bieu 4.2: So luong khach du hch vao Lao 120 y yr Ban so 2.2: Brin cac diem du lich cua Lao yr Ban so 2.3: a a Ban cac diem du ljch cua Lao r Ban so 2.4: yr Sa so 2.1 52 r a r Ban diuc/ng lang thong quoc te va noi dia cua Lao r 53 73 Co cau to chuc cua nganh Du llch Lao 82 TRl/dNG DAI HOC KINH TE QUdC DAN *** KHONESAVANH BOUTSADY MOT SO GIAI PHAP CHU YEU NHAM TANG Cl/ONG THU HUT KHACH DU LICH QUOC TE DEN NUfiC CHDCND LAO ChuySn nganh- KINH TE DU L|CH t6m tAt luan vAn thac sy • • HA NOI-2007 i LOI M0 DAU Trong nhung nam gan day, Dang va Nha nudc nude Cong Hoa Dan Chu Nhan Dan Lao (CHDCND Lao) da quan tam den viec phat trien nganh DL de trd mot nganh kinh te quan cua nen kinh te quoc dan Nude CHDCND Lao la mot quoc gia co nhieu tiem nang ve du lich Tuy nhien, van de khai thac va danh thuc day cac tiem nang han che Trong boi canh cua nudc CHDCND Lao hien nay, viec md rong thi truong nhan khach duqc xem la giai r phap tot de thuc day viec khai thac cac tiem nang DL von co Nganh DL Lao co nhieu diem yeu trudc nhung yeu cau doi hoi mdi hoi nhap DL the gidi va khu vuc Trinh cua nganh DL Lao thap so vdi nhieu nudc khu vuc, tiem nang ve DL Lao la rat ldn va phong phu, hap d§n khu vuc Dieu dat mot van de la phai xac dinh nhung dieu kien va giai phap chu yeu de tap trung moi nguon luc va ngaOi nudc nham dap ung yeu cau phat trien nganh DL Lao De khai thac hop ly tiem nang DL cua Lao nham de thu hut duoc KDL va phat trien r DL can phai nghien cuu mot cach co he thong va day du nhung tiem nang, dieu kien va cac giai phap, vi the viec chon de tai: " Mot so giai phap chu yeu nham tang cwd'ng thu hut KDL qudc te den nud'c CHDCND Lao " la xuat phat tu yeu cau phat trien nganh DL Lao Muc tieu nghien cuu Muc tieu nghien cuu cua de tai la nghien cuu tong quan nhung ly luan co ban ve dac diem nguon khach va cac giai phap nham thu hut khach du lich Phan tich, danh gia thuc trang phat trien cua nguon khach va cac dac diem cua nguon KDL r r r quoc te den Lao, cac dieu kien de thu hut KDL quoc te den Lao cac giai phap ma Lao da thuc hien nham thu hut KDL quoc te den Lao nhung nam gan day.Vdi co sd tren de cac giai phap nham phat huy cac the manh san co, nham tang cuong thu hut KDL den vdi Lao giai doan tdi va nham de phat trien DL Lao Doi tuoug nghien cuu Nghien cuu dac diem nguon khach; cac dieu kien de thu hut KDL noi chung va d Lao noi rieng; cac giai phap nham tang cudng thu hut KDL quoc te de tao dieu kien cho su phat trien DL Lao Pham vi nghien cuu Nghien cuu ve hoat dong DL quoc te nhan khach cua Lao tu nam 2001 - 2005 tu de xuat cac giai phap de thu hut KDL quoc te va phat trien DL Lao nhung nam tdi Phu’oug phap nghien cuu Cac phuong phap duoc ap dung de nghien cuu gom: phuong phap luan, phuong phap nghien cuu ly thuyet, phuong phap thu thap thong tin thu cap va xu ly thong tin, phuong phap thong ke tu dua ket luan va tim cac giai phap Ket cau cua luan van Luan van co ket cau chuong f 7 a A A a A f A A FA r A F A f f ii Chirungl CO SO LY LU AN VE KHACH DU LICH VA CAC GIAI PHAP NHAM THU HUT KHACH DU LICH 1.1 Mot so ly luan co' ban ve khach du lich 1.1.1 Khai niem ve khach du lich Do co nhieu khai niem khac ve KDL cua cac to chuc va cac nha nghien cuu Cac dinh nghTa neu deu mang tinh phien dien, chua day du Chu yeu mang tinh chat phan anh su phat trien cua DL duong thdi va xem xet khong day du, han che ve noi dung thuc cua khai niem KDL Tuy nhien, xet mot each tdng quat co the thay: KDL (Tourist): la ngudi rod khdi noi cu tru thudng xuyen cua minh den mot noi nao va co quay trd lai, khai hanh vdi cac muc dich khac nhau, loai tru muc dich lam cong va nhan thu lao d noi den; co thoi gian luu lai d noi den tu 24 gia trd len (hoac co su dung dich vu luu tru qua dem) va khong qua mot khoang thdi gian quy dinh tung quoc gia 1.1.2 Phan loai khach du lich Ngoai viec nhan thuc ro dinh nghia ve KDL quoc te viec nghien cuu su phan loai chinh xac, day du ve KDL cung rat quan Sau day la mot so each phan loai khach du lich - KDL quoc te (international tourist) KDL quoc te den (Inbound tourist) KDL quoc te nude ngoai (Outbound tourist) - KDL nude (Internal tourist) - KDL noi dia (Domestic tourist) - KDL quoc gia (National tourist) + Phan loai KDL theo nguon goc dan toe + Phan loai KDL theo tuoi, gidi tinh, nghe nghiep + Phan loai khach theo kha nang toan 1.1.3 Nhicng noi dung nghien cuu ve dac diem cua nguon khach Dac diem DL la yeu to quan giup ta cd the dua nhung chien luge, nhung chinh sach thu hut, khai thac cac nguon khach du lich Moi nhom thi trudng deu cd nhung dac diem khac nhu: Ve khu vuc cu tru, ve muc dich, dong co di du lich, kha nang toan, thdi diem di du lich, yeu cau ve chat lugng, sd thich, tarn ly, phong tuc tap quan Dudi day la nhung dac didm dugc nghien cuu dudi goc khoa hoc: 1.1.3.1 Dac diem khach du lich: * * r * Cor cau khach du lich: Theo vi tri dia ly ( khu vu cu tru); theo dan sd hoc; theo phuang tien di chuyen va cac tieu thuc khac * Nhu cau cua khach du lich: Nhu cau cu ban (thiet yeu): ve van chuyen, luu tru va an uong Nhu cau dac trurng (hudng thu cai dep, nghi ngai, tim hieu, giai tri ) Nhu cau bo sung (tham my,lam dep, thong tin, giat la ) Tuang ung vdi moi loai nhu cau, can thiet cd cac hoat dong dich vu nham dap ung nhu cau va thoa man cho khach du lich giao; du lich xem cac hang thu cong my nghe va cac ky thuat lam, du lich nong nghiep cho khach dupc tiep xuc va lam cung ngudi dan, Du lich the thao (to chuc cac cuoc thi dua xe oto, xe may, xe dap xuyen cac nudc Dong Nam r r r a A ), du lich ket noi giua cac tinh bien gidi cua cac nudc lang gieng, — - Ar Nhung hoat dong co the thu hut nhieu doi tuong du khach khac A nhau, dong thdi bo sung cho cac hoat dong giai tri cho khach du lich r a Dau tu san xuat hang luu niem mang tinh dac trung cua tung vung nhu: hang thu cong my nghe, go, ao in an tung diem cua khu du lich 3.2.6 Day manh hoot clong tuyen truyen quang ba du i