Đầu tư phát triển kinh tế tỉnh bắc giang thực trạng và giải pháp

TRUdW DAI HOC KINH TE QIOC DAN » £9 DANG TH| H6NG NHUNG daThoc ktqd~~ I TT.THdNGTINTHlfVIEN PHO NG LUAN AN • TV LIEU] bAu wphAt triAn kinh 1A tInh bAc giang: THUG TRANG VA GIAIPHAP ■ ■ ChuySn ngtinh: KINH TE * OAU TU LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE ■ ■ Ngudi hitting ddn khoa hoc: PGS.TS NGUYEN BACH NGUYET w /rfoo Hal^i’XOlO MUC LUC • • Trang MCI DAU CHtTONG I: MOT SO VAN DE LY LU AN CHUNG VE DAU TU PHAT TRIEN KINH TE DIA PHUONG 1.1 Khai niem, dac diem va vai trd cua dau tu- phat trien kinh te dia phuoug 1.1.1 Khai niem dau tuphat trien 1.1.2 Dac diem cua dau twphat trien .4 1.1.3 Vai trd cua dau ticphat trien ddi vdi tang truong va phat trien kinh te dia phuo'ng 1.2 Nguon von dau tu phat trien 11 1.2.1 Nguon vdn dau tw nwd'c 11 1.2.2 Ngudn von dau tw nude ngoai 13 ph iro n g 14 1.3.1 Cacyeu to kinh te chuyeu anh h ud'ng den boat dong dau tw 15 1.3.2 Anh hudng cua mdi during chinh tri, the che, phong tuc, tap quan, vdn hod den hoqt dong ddu tw 16 phuo’ng 17 r 1.4.1 Cac chi tieu danh gid ket qua hoqt dong dau twphat trien kinh te dia r phuong 17 1.4.2 Cac chi tieu danh gid hieu qua hoqt dong ddu twphat trien kinh te dia phuong 20 1.5 Kinh nghi$m dau tu phat trien cua Da Nang 24 CHUONG II: THUG TRANG DAU TU * PHAT TRIEN KINH TE TiNH BAC GIANG GIAI DOAN 2001 - 2009 .29 2.1 Dac diem tu * nhi@n, kinh te - xa hoi anh huo *ng den hoat dong dau tu phat trien kinh te tinh Bac Giang 29 2.1.1 Vi tri dia ly va dieu kien tw nhien tinh Bac Giang 29 2.1.2 Bac diem kinh te - xa hoi tinh Bae Giang 31 2.2 Thue trang dau tir phat trien kinh te tinh Bac Giang giai doan 2001 - 2009 35 2.2.1 Tinh hinh thuc hien tong mice von dau tiephat trien 36 2.2.2 Tinh hinh dau tuphat trien phan theo ngudn huy dong 38 2.2.3 Tinh hinh dau tu phat trien phan theo nganh, linh vice 47 2.2.4 Tinh hinh dau tiephat trien phan theo vung, lanh thd 55 2.3 Danh gia tinh hinh dau tir phat trien kinh te tinh Bac Giang giai doan 2001-2009 58 2.3.1 Ket qua cua boat dong dau tiephat trien kinh te 58 2.3.2 Hieu qua boat dong dau tiephat trien kinh te 74 2.3.3 Mot so han che va nguyen nhan 78 CHUONG III: MOT SO GIAI PHAP NHAM TANG CLONG DAU TU PHAT TRIEN KINH TE TiNH BAC GIANG 86 3.1 Dinh hirong phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tinh Bac Giang den nam 2020 86 3.1.1 Quan diem phat trien 86 3.1.2 Muc tieu phat trien 86 3.2 Phirong hirong dau tir phat trien tinh Bac Giang 2011 - 2015 89 3.2.1 Phieang huerng dau tiephat trien 89 3.2.2 Nhiem vu 90 3.2.3 Kha nang huy dong va nhu cau vdn doi vdi dau tiephat trien 91 3.3 Mot so giai phap nham tang cuong dau tir phat trien kinh te tinh Bac Giang 92 3.3.1 Giaiphap ve huy dong vdn dau tu phat trien kinh te 92 3.3.2 Nang cao chat Iuong cong tac quy hoach 98 3.3.3 Giai phap phan bo vdn dau tie hop ly 100 3.3.4 Giai phap quan ly boat dong dau tie hieu qua 104 3.3.5 Nhom giai phap khac 107 KET LUAN 110 DANH MVC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 111 DANH MUC CHIT VIET TAT CNH - HDH: Cong nghiep hoa - Hien dai hoa DTPT: Dau tu phat trien FDI: Von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai GPMB: Giai phong mat bang GS: Giao su HTX: Hop tac xa KCN: Khu cong nghiep MTQG: Muc tieu quoc gia NGOs: To chuc phi chinh phu NSNN: Ngan sach Nha nude NXB: Nha xuat ban ODA: Vien tro phat trien chinh thuc QL: Quoc 16 QLNN: Quan ly nha nude PGS: Pho giao su TNHH: Trach nhiem huu han TSCD: Tai san co dinh TTCN: Tieu thu cong nghiep TS: Tien sy TW: Trung uong UBND: Uy ban nhan dan XDCB: Xay dung co ban DANH MUC BANG, BIEU Trang BANG BANG 2.1: TONG VON DAU TU PHAT TRIEN TINH BAC GIANG GIAI DOAN 2001-2009 36 BANG 2.2: VON DAU TU PHAT TRIEN PHAN THEO NGUON HUY DONG GIAI DOAN 2001-2009 39 BANG 2.3: CO CAU VON DAU TU’ PHAT TRIEN PHAN THEO NGANH, LINH VU”C GIAI DOAN 2001 - 2009 47 BANG 2.4: CO CAU VON DAU TU PHAN THEO DIA BAN TINH BAC GIANG GIAI DOAN 2001 - 2009 55 BANG 2.5: KHOI LU0NG VON DAU TU THUC HIEN CUA TiNH BAC GIANG GIAI DOAN 2001 - 2009 59 BANG 2.6: GIA TRI TAI SAN CO DINH M0I TANG TREN DIA BAN PHAN THEO NGANH KINH TE GIAI DOAN 2001-2005 60 BANG 2.7: MOT SO CHt TIEU TANG TRU0NG KINH TE CUA_TiNH BAC GIANG GIAI DOAN 2001 - 2009 63 BANG 2.8: GIA TRI SAN XUAT CAC NGANH KINH TE CHU YEU CUA TINH BAC GIANG GIAI DOAN 2005 - 2009 65 BANG 2.9: CO CAU KINH TE THEO NGANH KINH TE TINH BAC GIANG GIAI DOAN 2001 - 2009 69 BANG 2.10: CO CAU KINH TE THEO THANH PHAN KINH TE TINH BAC GIANG GIAI DOAN 2001 - 2009 70 BANG 2.11: MOT SO CHI TIEU XA HOI CUA TINH BAC GIANG.GIAI DOAN 2001 -2009 .71 BANG 2.12: MOT SO CHI TIEU DANH GIA HIEU QUA KINH TE CUA HOAT DONG DAU TU TINH BAC GIANG GIAI DOAN 2002 - 2009 74 BANG 2.13: SO LAO DONG CO VIEC LAM SO VC)I VON DAU TU TiNH BAC GIANG GIAI DOAN 2002 - 2009 78 BANG 3.1: MOT SO MUC TIEU PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI TINH BAC GIANG DEN NAM 2020 .87 BIEU BIEU 2.1: VON DAU TUPHAT TRIEN GIAI DOAN 2001-2009 38 BIEU 2.2: CO CAU VON DAU TU PHAT TRIEN PHAN THEO NGANH, LINH VUC GIAI DOAN 2001 - 2009 48 BIEU 2.3: HE SO HIv(G0) TiNH BAC GIANG GIAI DOAN 2002 - 2009 75 BIEU 2.3: HE SO HIv(GDP) TiNH BAC GIANG GIAI DOAN 2002 - 2009 76 BIEU 2.4: HE SO ICOR TINH BAC GIANG GIAI DOAN 2002 - 2009 77 TRl/dW DAI HOC IilMI TE QUOC DAA * £21 fy dAng TH) h6ng nhung dAu TUPHAT TRlftl KINH it TINH BAC GIANG: THUC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP ■ ■ T6M TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY ■ HA AoJ - 8010 ■ TOM TAT LUAN VAN Bac Giang la mot tinh mien nui, dia hinh phuc tap, gom nhieu huyen vung cao Sau horn 20 nam phat trien, kinh te Bac Giang lien tuc phat trien, GDP tang deu qua cac nam, ty le ho doi ngheo giam dang ke, cor s6r tang phat trien Mot r r a r nhung yeu to gop phan lam nen sir cong cua Bac Giang chinh la hoat dong dau tu Su no lire cua tinh viec gia tang dau tu da dem lai cho kinh te Bac Giang nhtrng ket qua dang khich le Tuy nhien, phat trien kinh te cua tinh van co nhung han che nhu: tang trudng kinh te chua dat chi tieu, chat luong tang trudng cham dupe cai thien, thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi thap, chuyen dich cor cau edn han che; phu thuoc vao nguon von dung tarn gay su lang phi nguon lire, cong tac quan ly hoat dong dau tu nhieu yeu kern Chinh vi vay tac gia da lira chon de tai “Dau tie phat trien kinh te tinh Bac Giang: thuc trang va giai phdp" vdi muc dich phan tich, danh gia thuc trang hoat dong dau tu phat trien tai tinh Bac Giang nhung nam qua Tu dua cac giai x \ r t phap nham tang cudng dau tu phat trien kinh te cua tinh thdi gian tdi Ket cau de tai bao gom phan vdi nhung noi dung cu the sau: CHVONGI MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN CHUNG VE DAU TlT PHAT TRIEN KINH TE DIA PHlTONG phuong A r? 1.1.1 Khai niem dau twphat trien Dau tu phat trien la mot bo phan co ban cua dau tu, la viec chi dung vdn hien tai de tien hanh cac hoat dong nham tang them hoac tao nhung tai san vat chat (nha xudng, thiet bi ) va tai san tri tue (tri thuc, ky nang ), gia tang nang lire san xuat, tao them viec lam va vi muc tieu phat trien ii •? X 1.1.2 Dac diem cua dau tu’ phat trien - Quy mo tien von, vat tu, lao dong can thiet cho hoat dong dau tu phat trien thuang rat ldn - Thai ky dau tu keo dai; Nhieu cong trinh dau tu phat trien co thai gian dAu tu keo dai hang chuc nam, thoi gian nhieu yeu to cua du an da thay doi - Thai gian van hanh cac ket qua dau tu keo dai Trong suot qua trinh van hanh, cac qua dau tu chiu su tac dong hai mat, ca tich cue va tieu cue, cua nhieu yeu to tu nhien, chinh tri, kinh te, xa hoi - Cac qua cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien la cac cong trinh xay dung se hoat dong tai nai chung duqc tao dung nen va co gia tri su dung lau dai - Hoat dong dau tu phat trien co rui ro cao tinh chat lau dai cua no r a f 1.1.3 Vai tro cua dau tw phat trien ddi vdi tang truong va phat trien r kinh te dia phuong Dau tu phat trien co vai tro quan den tang trudng va phat trien kinh te dia phuang, the hien: r ? a r ? Dau tu phat trien tac dong den tang truemg va phat trien kinh te dia phuong Dau tu vua tac dong den toe tang truang kinh te dia phuang, vua tac dong den chat luang tang truang kinh te dia phuang Tang quy mo von dau tu va su dung von dau tu hop ly la nhung nhan to rat quan gop phan nang cao hieu qua dau tu, tang nang suat nhan to tong hap, tac dong den viec chuyen dich ca cau kinh te, r r nang cao sue canh tranh do, nang cao chat luang tang truemg kinh te cua dia phuang •> a ? r r r Dau tu phat trien tac dong den viec chuyen dich ca cau kinh te dia phuang r \ t r r Dau tu co tac dong quan den chuyen dich co cau kinh te dia phuang a a ? r r Dau tu gop phan lam chuyen dich ca cau kinh te dia phuang phu hap vdi qui luat va chien luac phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua dia phuang do, cu the: - Chuyen dich ca cau nganh kinh te cua dia phuang - Chuyen dich ca cau vung, lanh tho cua dia phuang - ChuySn dich ca cau phan kinh te * s * ■ ■A 97 xuat kinh doanh Tao chuyen bien nhan thuc va hanh dong cua cac cAp, cac nganh, can bo cong chuc va nhan dan viec tao moi truang dau tu thuan lai, thong thoang, cai ma va than thien vdi nha dau tu Khan truang soat, bo sung, sua ddi cac trinh tu, thu tuc hanh chinh, bi An cong khai tai cac dia phuong, co quan chuc nang dd thong nhat thuc hien Ddi mdi thai ung xu cua cac cap, cac nganh, cua can bo, cong chuc vdi cac nha dau tu va doanh nghiep Dan gian hoa cac trinh tu, thu tuc va giam thdi gian xem xet, giai quyet cac van de lien quan den cap phep dau tu, lap doanh nghiep, giao dat, cho thue dat theo cac quy dinh hien hanh cua Nha nude Ddi mai va nang cao chat litang cong tdc van dong dau tu tren co sd nghien cuu thi trudng va nhu cau cua cac nha dau tu, nhat la cac nha dau tu nude ngoai Lua chon, van dong, thu hut cac du an dau tu cd quy mo ldn, san xuat an toan cho mdi trudng vao cac khu, cum cong nghiep Xay dung danh muc du an keu goi vdn ODA va FDI, cong bd tren cac phuong tien thong tin, tang cudng cong tac tuyen truyen, tu van khdi su doanh nghiep, nang cao nhan thuc, xoa bd moi rao can, tao mdi trudng kinh doanh thuan lqi cho doanh nghiep r \ \ Xay dung bo phan xuc tien dau tu chuyen nghiep, co nang luc Ddng thdi thiet lap dien dan dau tu tren trang thong tin dien tu va website cua tinh, Sd Ke hoach va Dau tu, tiep tuc nghien cuu lap quy xuc tien dau tu r A Tang cudng cong tdc doi thoai vdi cac nha dau tu, kip thdi trg giup, thao gd kho khan, vudng mac cho cac nha dau tu va doanh nghiep Day nhanh tien boi thuong giai phong mat bang cho cac khu, cum cong nghiep va cac du an ldn; uu tien bd tri du vdn ddi ung de tiep nhan vdn ODA cua cac bo, nganh dau tu tren dia ban Tap trung cao cho cong tdc boi thuang giai phong mat bang, day nhanh tien thi cong mot so du dn dau tu diem: Tap trung cao cho cong tac boi thuong giai phong mat bang, dac biet la KCN Quang Chau, cac khu, cum cong nghiep, cac du an cd vdn dau tu ldn cua cac doanh nghiep va bo, nganh Trung uong Day nhanh tien dau tu tang ky thuat Khu cong nghiep Quang Chau, Van Trung, cac cum cong nghiep, nha may nhiet dien Luc Nam, Du an md rong nha may phan dam va 98 hoa chat Ha Bac, khuyen khich phat trien cac nganh cong nghiep phu trg, dich vu gan cac khu cong nghiep 3.3.2 Nang cao chat luong cong tac quy hoach Tang cudng cong tac quy hoach va quan ly theo quy hoach chu doi mdi noi dung va phuang phap lap quy hoach phu hgp vdi dieu kien kinh te thi trudng va hoi nhap kinh te qudc te la nhiem vu quan doi vdi bat ky dia phuang nao Lam tot cong tac se gop phan huy ddng va phan bd ngudn luc kinh te dia phuang dat hieu qua cao nhat De lam tot cong tac can doi hoi cd cac giai •> phap cu the: A A A A Dau tien, nang cao nhan thuc ve tam quan cua cong tac quy hoach, ke hoach hoa hoat dong dau tu phat trien kinh te: Coi cong tac quy hoach tdng the phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cac nganh, huyen, xa, vung nong thon mot each nhat quan, tranh trudng hop phoi hop khong chat che nen thdi gian tinh toan khong thong nhat, noi dung va phuang phap lap quy hoach mang tinh chu quan nen dua a A r r x nhieu muc tieu, nhieu mui nhon ma chua tinh den tinh can doi theo nhu cau thi trudng dan den su sai lech giua quy hoach nganh va vung Chi dao thong nhat den dia phuang va nang cao chat lugng cong tac quy hoach la budc cu the hoa cua chien luge, thuc su trd cong cu huu hieu cho ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, nang cao hieu qua su dung vdn dau tu Thu hai, can bd sung, hoan chinh quy hoach tdng the phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, quy hoach thi, cac quy hoach nganh, linh vuc vdi tam nhin xa; cong khai quy hoach, quan ly va thuc hien theo quy hoach Cdn cd quy hoach tdng thd, quy hoach vung nong thon, quy hoach phat trien nong nghiep, cong nghiep, dich vu, de du bao ke hoach dai han, trung han, ngan han ke ca thang, qui, nam phuc vu cho dinh hudng kinh te phat trien Lap quy hoach chi tiet cac khu cong nghiep va khu thi de lam ca sd cho viec thu hut va bd tri dau tu Thu- ba, chat lugng cong tac quy hoach phai co tinh kha thi, dap ung va phuc vu nhu cau phat trien cua dia phuang, cua nganh; phat huy dugc lgi the cua tinh Quy hoach phai cd trgng tam, trgng diem theo thdi ky dam bao theo muc tieu phat 99 trien kinh te cua tinh theo hudng CNH - HDH Tidp tuc ddi mdi cong tac xay dung ke hoach, bam sat noi dung quy hoach tdng the phat trien kinh te-xa hoi Cac du an dau tu mdi phai dam bao thu tuc quy dinh, kien quyet dinh hoan, khong bd tri vdn dau tu cho du an kem hieu qua hoac chua thuc su cd nhu cau buc xue, tap trung ddu tu cho cac du an chuyen tiep, du an cd hieu qua kinh te - xa hoi Quy hoach phai gan lien vdi ke hoach quan ly va su dung dat Dat dai la mot nguon tai nguyen quy gia, vay can su dung quy dat hop ly, tranh lang phi Can cd ke hoach bd tri va su dung mat bang hop ly trudc tien hanh xue tien dau tu de thu hut cac nha dau tu Day la van de vo cung quan trong cong tac quy hoach Quy hoach ' r r a a r khong the hoan thien neu van de giai phong mat bang chua duoc giai quyet 77?zr tu, dam bao thuc hien theo quy hoach Can thuc hien dung quy trinh cong tac ke hoach hoa dau tu: bat dau bang chien luge den quy hoach, roi cu the bang cac ke hoach nam va hang nam, du an Nhung du an dau tu ldn va du an hop tac dau tu phai xem xet phu hop vdi quy hoach da dugc duyet Can cd su quan tam dung muc chi dao, don doc cua lanh dao tinh; phoi hgp chat che giua cac co quan ban nganh tinh; xac dinh ro nhiem vu cua cac ben tham gia Cong tac kiem tra, giam sat qua trinh thuc hien quy hoach la het sue quan trgng va can thiet Viec cong khai quy hoach rong rai den mgi ngudi dan la quan trgng, tranh tinh trang tranh chap, khieu kien, dac biet khau giai phong mat bang Ddi vdi cac du an hien dang gap kho khan khau giai phong mat bang, can co su phoi ket hgp giua chinh quyen tinh va can bo dia ban, vira giai thich, dong vien cac ho dan, quan trgng hon la thuc hien nhanh chdng chinh sach den bu thoa dang cho cac ho dan pham vi du an Cudi cung, doi ngu can bo lam cong tac quy hoach la vo cung quan trgng Do vay, can tang cuong dao tao nhan luc, ke ca cac can bo cap cao de cd the nam bat kip thdi nhung thay ddi va ap dung cd hieu qua vao quy hoach cua dia phuong Hon nua, cong tac quy hoach se dat dung tien va chat lugng neu trinh cua can bg quy hoach dugc nang cao 100 3.3.3 Giaiphap phan bd vdn dau tir horp ly Sau thu hut duac toi da cac nguon lire kinh te cho dau tu phat trien, nhiem vu dat het sue quan vdi hoat dong dau tu la lam the nao dd su dung va phan bd ngudn vdn mot cac hup ly, khai thac toi da hieu qua cua cac ngudn vdn ddng gop vao tang trudng va phat trien kinh te dia phuang Chinh vi vay ddi hoi tinh can cd cac bien phap phan bd dau tu hap ly vao cac nganh, cac linh vuc; 3.3.3.1 Phan bd cac ngudn vdn dau tu phat trien dia phuang r r f * Vdn ngan sach nha nude: Nang cao hieu qua su dung vdn NSNN gan vdi thuc hanh tiet kiem, chong lang phi va phong chong tham nhung Nang cao chat luang va tang cudng rang buoc trach nhiem ca nhan cong tac tham dinh, phe duyet du an, thiet ke ky thuat - tdng dau tu, dau thau Tang cudng cong tac giam sat thi cong, giam sat, danh gia dau tu Cong khai rong rai thong tin cua cac dir an dau tu va cac quy hoach Nang cao trach nhiem ngudi dung dau cac co quan, dan vi cd su dung vdn NSNN, vdn trai phieu Chinh phu, tir td chuc kiem tra, soat viec thuc hien cac nhiem vu ve quan ly vdn, tai san nha nude va cong tac quan ly can bo cua don vi minh, kip thdi phat hien nhung yeu kem, ton tai; cd bien phap xu ly nghiem cac td chuc ca nhan de say sai pham Chu dau tu phai chiu trach nhiem trudc phap luat ve chat luong cong trinh, phai boi thuong thiet hai cong tac quan ly du an kem Ra soat cac chu dau tu de cd ke hoach nang cao nang lire quan ly du an, khong giao chu dau tu cho nhung don vi nang lire quan ly yeu kem, khac phuc tinh trang khoan trang cho dan vi tu van va nha thau, tich cue phong chong tham nhung, tang cudng chat luang giam sat ky thuat cua chu dau tu qua trinh td chuc thi cong, nghiem thu, quyet toan cong trinh Tang cudng cong tac tham dinh, dac biet la tham dinh du an dau tu, thiet ke ky thuat - tdng dau tu va quyet toan cong trinh * Nguon vdn cua cac doanh nghiep se tap trung dau tu md rong san xuat kinh doanh tren dia ban, dac biet khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep dau tu ddi vdi cac linh vuc thuoc cong nghiep che bien va du lich Ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep da di vao hoat dong 101 on dinh va co doanh thu, can khuyen khich va tao dieu kien uu dai ve tin dung dd doanh nghiep tang cudng dau tu theo chieu sau vdi day chuyen may moc cong nghe hien dai, gop phan lam tang kha nang canh tranh cua san pham va cua doanh nghiep tren thi trudng De lam duoc dieu can co su phoi hop giua chinh quyen tinh va cac to chuc tin dung nhu ngan hang, quy ho tro phat trien , ddng thdi tuyen truyen rong rai den cac doanh nghiep tren dia ban cac chinh sach uu dai, khuyen khich dau tu cua tinh de cac doanh nghiep co the lua chon linh vuc dau tu kinh doanh phu hop * Ngudn vdn cua ddn cu va ho gia dinh, thong qua kenh huy dong vdn la cac td chuc tin dung, se duoc tan dung cho dau tu cho cac nganh san xuat kinh doanh cd kha nang thu hoi vdn nhanh va sinh loi cao nhu dau tu vung nguyen lieu cho che bien, dau tu cho cong nghiep nhe va tieu thu cong nghiep Dieu dat cho cac ngan hang nhiem vu cai thien thu tuc vay vdn nhanh chong, nang cao chat luong ngudn nhan luc de dam bao vdn vay dupe su dung dung muc dich va cd hieu qua * Vdn dau tu nudc ngoai Tang cudng hon ntra cong tac quan ly nha nudc doi vdi cac du an FDI tren dia ban nham nam rd nhung kho khan, vudng mac cua cac chu dau tu tu cd cac giai phap cung nhu kien nghi giai quyet nhung kho khan qua trinh trien khai thuc hien du an, dac biet la cac du an cd vdn ldn nhu: du an tang KCN Van Trung cua Tap doan Hong Hai; du an san xuat cac linh kien va thiet bi dien tu cua cong ty TNHH Sanyo; du an xay dung tang KCN Viet Han Tang cudng day r r r manh khuyen khich doanh nghiep giai ngan sd vdn da dang ky Day nhanh tien thuc hien cac du an ODA va NGOs nhat la cong tac giai phong mat bang, lam gia tang thdi gian an han vdi lai suat uu dai, tang hieu qua, tranh gay lang phi 3.3.3.2 Phan bd vdn dau tu hap ly vao cac nganh, cac linh vuc tinh Hieu qua dau tu dupe the hien viec phan bd dau tu vao cac nganh, linh vuc cua tinh cd hop ly hay khong; cd dam bao phat huy toi da cac the manh cua dia phuong hay khong Can dieu chinh co dau tu hop ly giua cac nganh de thuc hien muc tieu chuyen dich co cau kinh te theo hudng CNH - HDH: chu dau 102 tu cho linh vuc cong nghiep, dich vu de phat trien ben vung; dau tu hop ly cho nong A A nghiep, chuyen nong nghiep sang san xuat hang hoa vdi cay trong, vat nuoi co hieu qua kinh te cao; chu dau tu tang ky thuat, doi moi cong nghe; cu the vdi tung nganh: Dau tu cho nganh nong, lam nghiep va thuy san: can day manh hon nua dau tu cho chan nuoi gia sue Tinh Bac Giang rat co loi the viec chan nuoi trau bd, heo dieu kien hau thuan lgi va thuc an chan nuoi phong phu Do vay, can xue •> t r r tien chuyen giao khoa hoc cong nghe mdi doi vdi chan nuoi, xay dung mo hinh kinh a r A A r r te trang trai; long ghep nguon vdn thuoc cac chuong trinh vdi huy dong vdn nhan roi cua nhan dan vao tang gia san xuat Ngoai ra, dau tu cho trdng trot nen tap trung vao cac vung nguyen lieu phuc r r r vu cho cong nghiep che bien nhu mia, thuoc la, vai Cay vai da tra dac san r r r \ cua tinh Bac Giang dugc biet den va ngoai nudc Do vay can cd bien phap dau tu hgp ly tang nang suat va chat lugng cay trdng ; xay dung cac nha may che bien nguyen lieu, san xuat cac san pham tir vai cho hieu suat cao Ddi vdi nghe a < a a truyen thdng lau ddi la trdng lua can day manh tham canh tang vu, khong chi dam bao van de an ninh luong thuc cho tinh ma phai hudng tdi xuat khau Dau tu co sd tang cho nong nghiep cung can dugc quan tam, dac biet la he thdng thuy lgi Kien cd hoa kenh muong se gop phan rat ldn ddi vdi viec dam bao nudc tudi cho nong nghiep, dem lai nang suat mua vu cao hon Trong linh vuc nay, cd thd tan dung tdi da nguon vdn tir cac chuong trinh nudc sach nong thon, chuong trinh kien cd hoa kenh muong, chuong trinh 135 Dau tu cho nganh cong nghiep: Tao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep cd tiem luc ve vdn, cong nghe, cd kha nang ddng gop nhieu cho ngan sach cua tinh vao cac khu cong nghiep Khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep sir dung nhieu lao dong; doanh nghiep che bien nong, lam san dau tu vao cac cum cong nghiep huyen va dia ban nong thon Tiep tuc hoan thien, thuc hien tot cac co che, chinh sach pha trien cong nghiep cua tinh Quan tam phat trien cong nghiep phu trg Khuyen khich, hd trg doanh nghiep md rong quy md, dau tu ddi mdi cong nghe, xay dung phat trien 103 thuang hieu, nang cao chat luang, tang sue canh tranh Nang cao hieu qua cac nganh khuyen cong; ma rong nganh nghe d khu vuc nong thon Quy hoach va tung budc dau tu phat trien dich vu, tang xa hoi phuc vu cac khu, cum cong nghiep Tiep tuc phat trien cac nganh cong nghiep co lai the nhu che bien nong, lam san, san xuat vat lieu xay dung, may mac, giay da, thu cong my nghe can tang cudng uu tien thu hut cac dir an thuoc nganh cong nghiep "sach", su dung cong nghe cao, it gay nhiem mdi trudng, cd gia tri tang them ldn Khuyen khich thu hut ca sd san xuat cong nghiep su dung nguyen lieu tai cho, su dung nhieu lao dong va cac du an phuc vu nong nghiep, nong thon Chu xay dung chuong trinh, du an phat trien vung nguyen lieu rau, qua cac loai, chan nuoi gia sue, gia cam, thuy san cd chat luang cao, gan vdi dau tu xay dung ca sd cong nghiep che bien phu hap Huy dong va sir dung hieu qua cac ngudn vdn Vdn ngan sach uu tien cho dau tu phat trien tang ngoai tuong rao cac khu cong nghiep Lira chon ddi tac cd tiem lire tai chinh, du nang luc ky thuat, co kinh nghiem va uy tin tham gia xay dung, quan ly cac khu cong nghiep Cac huyen, can chu lam tdt cong tac van dong, xuc tien dau tu, huy dong ngudn vdn danh cho dau tu co sd tang cum cong nghiep Khuyen khich doanh nghiep, td chuc, ca nhan dau tu, quan ly cum cong nghiep, dap ung yeu cau phat trien Dau tu xay dung ca ban va giao thong lien lac: day la nhom nganh ddi hoi r *\ r r r \ r rat nhieu vdn ddi tuong chu yeu la cac cong trinh tang co sd, cac tuyen dudng giao thong Mac du khong tao doanh thu nhu cac nganh khac nhung lai ddng vai a r r r ' r tro vo cung quan trong, la dieu kien, la huyet mach ket noi giua ca sd san xuat va noi tieu thu san pham Do vay, viec su dung vdn dau tu cho linh vuc doi hoi sir tinh toan, xem xet ky luang, dau tu cd tam, diem tirng giai doan, tranh tinh trang ton dong vdn qua lau, gay that thoat, lang phi a r ~ r \ Dau tic cho thuang mai dich vu: Cd ca che hd trg, thu hut vdn dau tu cua \ r \ moi phan kinh te, dudi nhieu hinh thuc khac nhau; khai thac co hieu qua ca sd vat chat hien cd cua nganh thuang mai; quan ly tdt phan vdn cua Nha nude d cac doanh nghiep nha nude da cd phan hoa; sir dung cd hieu qua nhat vdn dau tu cua 104 Nha nudc doi vdi cac cong trinh thuong mai, tren co sd uu tien dau tu cac cho dau mdi, cho loai va cac cho d vung sau vung xa Phat trien da dang cac loai hinh thuong mai tren dia ban nham dap ung day du va kip thdi nhu cau tieu dung, vat tu phuc vu san xuat cho nhan dan, ddng thdi md rong thi trudng tieu thu san phim cho nong dan Hinh cac cum kinh te - thuong mai - dich vu gan vdi cac huyen ly, trung tam cum xa vdi nhieu chu the kinh doanh Ngoai ra, can dieu chinh co cau dau tu giua cac dia phuong, cac vung dam bao phat trien kinh te cac dia phuong dua tren tiem luc san cd cua tung dia phuong De dat duoc dieu can cd quy hoach dia phuong, quy hoach vung hop ly dua tren nhung the manh cua tung dia phuong, cd vay cong tac phan bd vdn dau tu vao cac nganh mdi dat hieu qua cao 3.3.4 Gidiphap quan ly hoat dong dau tu? hieu qua Cong tac quan ly hoat dong dau tu bao gom cong tac xay dung ke hoach dau tu, hudng dan cac nha dau tu thuoc nganh, dia phuong lap du an dau tu, tham dinh cac du an dau tu, cong tac dau thau, cong tac quan ly qua trinh thuc hien dau tu va quan ly van hanh sau dau tu De quan ly hoat dong dau tu duoc tot, cac co quan cd tham quyen nen tang tinh on dinh cua cac van ban ban hanh, han che thay doi cac van ban quy pham phap luat nham ap dung thdi gian dai; neu cd su thay doi cua Chinh phu ve chinh sach dau tu can nhanh chong trien khai cac bien phap ho tro va on dinh tinh hinh theo hudng dan tridn khai cua nha nudc r a Cai tien cong tac quan ly qua trinh thuc hien dau tu r r y y y Hoan thien cong tac dau thau, cong tac dau thau can phai duoc cong khai, minh bach va tuan thu theo cac quy trinh cua Luat dau thau Can tang cudng hinh r y r y t thuc dau thau canh tranh rong rai, han che chi dinh thau de cac doanh nghiep cd co hoi tham gia vao qua trinh quan ly va thuc hien dau tu Tuy nhien, nang luc nha thau can phai dupe lua chon ky cang Doi vdi nha thau thi cong cong trinh thi nang luc tai chinh dong vai tro quan vi neu khong huy dong du so vdn nhu cac nha 105 thau thuang cam ket (ung trudc khoang 60-70%) cho cong trinh thi cong trinh de bi dinh tre, keo dai Nang cao chat luong cong tac tu van, khao sat thiet ke va cong tac tham dinh phe duyet cac du dn dau tu Nang cao chat lugng du an kha thi: Phai co thdi gian can thiet du cho cac nha tu van co dieu kien thu thap nghien cuu khao nghiem cac so lieu lien quan den du an Phai dam bao cho cac nha tu van co vi tri doc lap khach quan lam tu van du an va chiu trach nhiem trudc phap luat ve nhung ket luan cua minh, ve du an minh lam chu nhiem Cai tien cong tac chon thau tu van va khao sat thiet ke: dua vao nang luc thuc te va ket qua tu van cua cac du an tuong tu ma cac to chuc tu van lam tdt de chon Doi vdi cac cong trinh dac thu nhu thiet ke thi cong cac cong trinh xay dung, cac cong trinh my thuat, tugng dai, tranh hoanh trang to chuc thi sang tac, theo quy mo cong trinh de lua chon phuong an thich hgp, co hoi ddng cham thi gom cac nha khoa hgc, cac chuyen gia linh vuc de lua chon tac pham co gia tri nhat Nang cao chat lugng xay dung, tham dinh phe duyet cac du an cua cap co tham quyen quyet dinh dau tu Cong tac tham dinh du an thuoc ve trach nhiem cua ca quan quan ly hoat dong dau tu tren dia ban Do do, cac co quan quan ly nha nudc tham gia vao qua trinh tham dinh du an can co su lien ket va tao dieu kien de du an nhanh chdng dugc cap phep neu dap ung day du yeu cau cua dan vi tham dinh Ca quan tham dinh du an chiu trach nhiem xem xet cac yeu to, cac so lieu can va du de nha tu van khang dinh tinh kha thi cua du an Khi co nhung van de chua xac dinh ro co quan tham dinh phai yeu cau nha tu van giai thich lam ro hoac phai phuc tra lai trudc trinh co quan co tham quyen phe duyet du an \ r \ Giai phap ve dau thau Cong cuoc dau tu muon co hieu qua se chiu tac dong rat ldn cua viec lua chon nha thau va cong tac dau thau Neu cong tac dau thau dugc thuc hien rong rai, cong khai, minh bach se dem lai nha thau co chat lugng tot de thuc hien dau tu va qua hieu qua dau tu se dugc dam bao 106 De cong tac dau thau dat duoc hieu qua cao can phai thuc hien dung cac quy dinh, quy trinh ve viec dau thau, tuan thu nghiem tuc luat dau thau ap dung cac hinh thuc dau thau, dac biet khuyen khich su dung hinh thuc dau thau canh tranh rong rai de lira chon nha thau tot Thuc hien dau thau tren co sd thidt kd, lira chon nha thdu co nang lire, kinh nghiem; dam bao cac chu the lien quan den hoat dong dau thau phai doc lap, khong duoc rd ri thong tin va thong thau qua trinh dau thAu Giai phap ve cong tdc giam sat thi cong Co quan giam sat thi cong cua chu dau tu phai dam bao co trach nhiem cao cong viec, viec giam sat phai duoc thuc hien thuong xuyen bang each co mat lien tuc tai cong trudng qua trinh thi cong de theo ddi tien Doi ngu giam r r sat phai dam bao chat luong cong trinh: thi cong dung tien do, theo dung ky thuat, r thuc hien theo dung khoi luong; tranh nhung tinh trang cau ket giua cac ben lam anh hudng den chat luong cong trinh va that thoat vdn Bo phan giam sat phai dupe bd tri luc luong phu hop, dap ung yeu cau va phai day du nang luc theo quy dinh cua Nha nude; dam bao tinh khach quan, doc lap qua trinh thi cong cong trinh va co nhung phan hoi kip thdi, hop ly cho a r r a chu dau tu giai quyet nhung van de phat sinh Giai phap ve quyet toan, nghiem thu cong trinh hoan Khi du an hoan thanh, vong sau thang phai quyet toan de danh gia tai san va ban giao tai san cho ngudi su dung Trong thuc te rat nhieu du an cua cac nganh Trung uong va dia phuong chua thuc hien tot quy dinh Hien nay, nhieu du an dau tu da thuc hien xong va dua vao su dung tu lau nhung vdn chua quyet toan Viec chan chinh va tang cudng ky luat quyet toan cong trinh la can thiet va dupe coi nhu mot giai phap quan gop phan nang cao hieu qua su dung vdn dau tu Hudng chan chinh va tang cudng ky luat quyet toan du an dau tu dua vao su dung tu lau nhung van chua quyet toan Viec chan chinh va tang cudng ky luat quyet toan cong trinh la can thiet va dupe coi nhu mot giai phap quan gop phan nang cao hieu qua su dung vdn dau tu 107 Do vay, can phan dinh ro trach nhiem cua cac co quan chu quan dau tu doi vdi cong tac to chuc, chi dao kiem tra, kiem soat, cong tac lap bao cao quyet toan vdn dau tu cac du an hoan giai doan thuc hien ca ve noi dung va thdi gian Nang cao trach nhiem cua chu dau tu cong tac lap va bao cao quydt toan mot each khoa hoc, kip thdi, chinh xac, td chuc thim tra bao co quydt toan trudc phe duyet doi voi nhung du an thuoc tham quyen cua minh Gan tranh nhiem ca nhan cong tac quyet toan vdn dau tu va cd che khen che rd rang Rieng doi vdi du an nhom A, voi tu each la co quan chu quan dau tu cua chu dau tu cd trach nhiem xem xet, nhan xet va de nghi co quan dupe Thu tuong Chinh phu uy quyen tham tra, phe duyet Td chuc thudng xuyen cong tac tham tra, tra viec chap hanh trinh tu XDCB noi chung, cong tac quyet toan vdn dau tu du an hoan giai doan thuc hien dua vao khai thac noi rieng Doi vdi cong tac can cd ky luat nghiem minh va kip thdi cd su vi pham che 3.3.5 Nhom giai phap khac * Tdng cuang dau tic cho khoa hoc cong nghe r \ Dau tu cho khoa hoc cong nghe la mot nhung quyet sach hang dau cua a Dang va Nha nudc ta Nhung nam qua cong nghe ap dung doi vdi cac nganh thudng lac hau va khong dupe chu nang cap cung nhu doi mdi Qua trinh san xuat san pham thudng dua chu yeu vao kinh nghiem ma chua dua vao cong nghe Van de dat la lam the nao de vira cd dupe nhung cong nghe tien tien, hien dai ma van phai phu hop vdi dieu kien, trinh tiep thu cong nghe cua tinh Sau A day la mot sd giai phap nham dat dupe muc tieu tren: - Ngudn vdn Ngan sach Nha nudc nen tap trung mot phan cho cong tac nghien cuu va ung dung md hinh tien bo ky thuat, sau nhan rong ket qua nghien cuu vao san xuat Doi vdi nong nghiep la giong mdi, ky thuat canh tac mdi, co hoa san xuat, ung dung cong nghe bao quan, che bien Doi vdi cong nghiep la day chuyen san xuat hien dai, dat tieu chuan chat lupng nganh 108 - Tinh cung can thuc day va tao dieu kien thuan loi cho qua trinh chuyen giao cong nghe bang each lap Trung tam chuyen giao, ung dung cong nghe thuoc So khoa hoc va cong nghe tinh vdi nhiem vu: ho tro chuyen giao cong nghe cho doanh nghiep vira va nhd, lien ket, thu hut du nhap cong nghe tir cac dia phuong khac cung nhu ca nudc, dac biet la ngudn cong nghe thdng qua cac du an dau tu nudc ngoai U”u tien nhap cong nghe tien tien, hien dai phuc vu cho cac san pham chu yeu cua tinh nhu: cong nghe san xuat xi mang, ghach ngoi, khai thac quang, - Day manh viec dau tu nghien cuu, ung dung cac tien bo khoa hoc - cong r r r nghe vao san xuat va ddi sdng Uu tien ung dung cong nghe tien tien, cong nghe sach, ton it nguyen lieu ( cong nghe sinh hoc, san xuat vat lieu mdi, cong nghe thdng tin, che bien lam san, ) de tang nang suat, chat luong va hieu qua hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh - Dau tu cho khoa hoc cong nghe cung la noi dung chinh cua dau tu theo chieu sau ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep Tinh can khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep ung dung tuu khoa hoc ky thuat vao san xuat, ddi mdi cong nghe thdng qua hd tro thue thu nhap doanh nghiep, thue gia tri gia tang cd them ddi mdi cong nghe; thudng cho cac doanh nghiep nang cao chat luong san pham va hd trq ddi san pham mdi tren dia ban 5 * Chu dau tu: phat trien nguon nhan luc bao gdm Nang cao nang luc doi ngu can bo tham gia vao qua trinh dau tu xay dung Dao tao va dao tao lai doi ngu can bo quan ly Nha nudc ve dau tu xay dung: Ddi mdi chuong trinh dao tao lai Chuang trinh dao tao phan nhieu linh vuc chuyen mon khac de cong chuc nao dang cong tac thuoc linh vuc chuyen mon nao thi duoc dao tao lai theo linh vuc chuyen mon Dao tao lai can bo quan ly du an dau tu Cd thd noi cong tac quan ly du an dau thau hien nhieu bat cap Nguyen nhan chu yeu la vi tu trudc tdi chua thuc su cd trudng hoac ldp nao dao tao can bo quan ly du an dau tu Cung nhu nhieu hoat dong khac cong tac quan ly du an dau tu can duoc coi la mot nghe va vi 109 A A vay can phai co nhung can bo chuyen nghiep, do can phai dao tao can bo chuyen nghiep thuoc linh vuc Dao tao can bo tu van, thiet ke ky thuat va ky su xay dung theo hudng chuyen nghiep hoa dam bao thuc hien tot cong viec duoc giao Dau tu nang cao chat luang ngudn nhan luc tinh Trinh dan tri cua Bac Giang nhung nam qua da co nhieu cai thien Tuy nhien, so vdi mat bang chung cua ca nude thi trinh van edn thap kem, vay nang luc cua doi ngu lao dong chua cao De giai quyet duoc tinh trang thi dau tu cho giao due dao tao la mot dieu thiet yeu Ben canh viec day nhanh tdc cap giao due d cap trung hoc thong, can tang cudng dau tu cho cac trudng day r a r •> r nghe va cd chinh sach uu dai, khuyen khich ddi vdi ddi tuong hoc dai hoc de sau tdt nghiep cd the quay ve phuc vu cho su phat trien cua tinh Ddi vdi doi ngu lao dong tinh hien nay, can tang cudng cac ldp boi dudng, dao tao ve tay nghe cung nhu y thuc ky luat de dat duoc trinh qudc gia; md dong cac nganh nghe dao tao mdi, gan ket cong tac hudng nghiep thong va nhu cau dao tao cua doanh nghiep; dau tu dua cong nghe thong tin vao giang day Huy dong moi ngudn vdn hoan viec dau tu xay dung trudng dai hoc, \ r \ trudng day nghe cua tinh va nang cap cac trung tam day nghe, trung tam dich vu viec lam , nham dap ung yeu cau hoc nghe cho em cac dan toe tinh Dao tao, giao due cho cong nhan nang cao y thuc ngudi lao dong, thay ddi thdi quen tien, khac phuc tinh trang vo y thuc ki luat Ben canh do, can tang cudng cong tac cham soc sue khoe cong ddng thong qua cac hoat dong dau tu cho y te, van hoa the thao Lao dong can phai cd day du ca tri va luc thi mdi cd the dong gop vao su phat trien cua xa hoi 110 KET LUAN Bac Giang la mot nhung tinh mien nui co nhieu kho khan, nhung nam qua duoc su ho tro cua Dang va Nha nuuc, cung vui n6 luc cua chinh minh Bac Giang da thuc hien tot cac muc tieu phat trien kinh te va da dat dupe nhung tuu nhat dinh Cung vui su gia tang khoi luung von dau tu vao cac nganh, cac linh vuc qua cac nam da giup cho cu cau kinh te cua tinh duuc chuySn dich dung huung, tang truong kinh te kha so vui ca nuuc, cu su tang kinh t6 - xa hoi duuc tang cuung Ben canh do, nguon von duuc dau tu vao cac vung kinh te da gop phan quan trong cong cuoc xoa doi, giam ngheo; giai quyet viec lam; cai thien doi song cua nhan dan yeu to lac hau, cham phat trien, doi hoi tinh Bac Giang can phai co sy nghien cuu, xem xet mot each nghiem tuc den cu che, chinh sach, va viec thuc hien, trien khai cac hoat dong dau tu tren dia ban tinh Tir dua duuc nhung quyet sach phu ' ' •> r hop va dung dan dua hoat dong dau tu noi rieng va hoat dong phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua tinh noi chung len mot tam cao mui; dat duuc nhung muc tieu da de thoi gian tui Ill DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • Cue thong ke tinh Bac Giang (2005), Niem giam thdng ke, NXB Thong Ke, Ha Noi Cue thong ke tinh Bac Giang (2006), Niem giam thdng ke, NXB Thong Ke, Ha Noi Cue thdng ke tinh Bac Giang (2007), Niem giam thdng ke, NXB Thong Ke, Ha Noi Cue thong ke tinh Bac Giang (2008), Niem giam thdng ke, NXB Thong Ke, Ha Noi Cue thong ke tinh Bac Giang (2009), Niem giam thdng ke, NXB Thong Ke, Ha Noi Dang bo tinh Bac Giang (2010), Nghi quyet dai hoi Dai bieu Ddng bo tinh Bac Giang lan thuXVII, Bac Giang PGS.TS.Nguyen Bach Nguyet, TS Tu Quang Phuong (2007), Giao trinh Kinh te dau tu, NXB Dai hoc KTQD, Ha Noi So Ke hoach va dau tu tinh Bac Giang (2009), Bao cao ket qua dau tu phat r ’ r trien giai doan 2001 - 2008, nhiem vu va mot sd bien phap chu yeu giai doan 2011 - 2015, Bac Giang So Ke hoach va dau tu tinh Bac Giang (2009), Bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi va cong tac ke hoach nam 2009; phuong hudng, nhiem vu va noi dung chu yeu cong tac chi dao trien khai thuc hien ke hoach Nha nudc nam 2010, Bac Giang 10 So Ke hoach va dau tu Bac Giang (2010), Bao cao tinh hinh kinh te xa hoi r a thang dau nam 2010, Bac Giang r \ r r 11 So Ke hoach va dau tu Bac Giang (2010), Bao cao tinh hinh kinh te thuc hien r r Traiphieu Chinh phu, Bac Giang 12 UBND tinh Bac Giang (2009), Quy hoach tdng the phat trien kinh te xa hoi tinh Bac Giang den nam 2020, Bac Giang 13 UBND tinh Bac Giang (2009), Ke hoachphat trien kinh te xa hoi nam 2011 - 2015, Bac Giang 14 Website: www.bacgiang.gov.vn; www.bacgiangdpi.gov.vnwww.baobacgiang.com.vn