Tăng cường xuất khẩu lao động của việt nam sang các nước asean

BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAO TRl/ONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN NGUY&N Ti ll PHUONG QU# TANG Cl/dNG XUAT KHAU LAO DONG CUA VIET NAM SANG CAC NlfdC ASEAN ■ Chuyeti ngdnh: Kitih te Quoc te LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE ngUch hUcjng dAn KHOA HOC: PGS TS Nguyen Nhu Binh DAI HOC KTQD TRUNGTAMc THONG TIN Ha Noi - 2005 MUC LUC Trang LOl NOI DAU CHUONG I: Lt LUAN CHUNG Vp XUAT KHAU LAO DONG 1.1 Mot so khdi niem co' ban lien quail den xudt khdu lao dong 1.2 Sit hinh thdnh vd ph at trien ciia xudt khdu lao dong 1.2.1 Tfnh tat yeu khach quan va nguyen nhAn co ban cua xuat 9 khau lao dong 1.2.2 Cac giai doan phat trien cua xuat khau lao dong tren the gidi 1.3 Tac dong ciia xudt khdu lao dong 13 16 1.3.1 Tac dong tich cue 16 1.3.2 Tac dong tieu cue 18 1.4 Kinh nghiem quoc te ve xudt khau lao dong 1.4.1 Kinh nghiem xuat khfiu laodongd mot so nude Dong 18 18 Nam A: Philippines, Thai Lan, Indonesia 1.4.2 Nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem ddi vdi Viet Nam CHUONG II: THUC TRANG XUAT KHAU CUA VI$T NAM SANG CAC 23 26 NU0C ASEAN TIT 1995 DlsN NAY 2.1 Khdi quat ve quan he Viet Nam vdi cac nude ASEAN 26 2.1.1 Su ddi cua ASEAN 26 2.1.2 Khai quat quan he Viet Nam va cac nude ASEAN 27 2.1.3 Mot so net ve thi trudng cac nude ASEAN tiep nhan lao dong 30 Viet Nam 2.2 Mot so loi the va han che doi vdi xuat khau lao dong cua Viet Nam 34 sang cac nuoc ASEAN 2.2.1 Loi the 34 2.2.2 Han che 35 2.3 Chu truo'ng cua Dang vd Nha nuoc ve xuat khau lao dong 36 2.4 Thuc trang cua xuat khau lao dong cua Viet Nam sang cac nuoc 2P ASEAN th 1995 den 2.4.1 Tong quan thi tnrong lao dong ngoai niche 42 2.4.2 Tinh hinh va ket qua xuat khau lao dnng cua V/iet Nam aagg 43 cac nocc ASEAN th 1995 den 2.4.3 Mot so ton tai cca xuat khau laa dong cca Viet Nam sang cac 61 node ASEAN th 1995 den CHVONG III: CAC GIAI PHAP TANG CVONG XUAT KHAU LAO HONG CUA VIET NAM SANG CAC 69 NU6c ASEAN THdl GIAN T(H 3.1 Dinh huong xuat khau lao dong cua Viet Nam thoi gian toi 3.1.1 Thuan loi va thach thhc cca xua't khau laa dong cca Viet Nam 69 69 trang thhi gian tCi 3.1.2 Muc tieu xuat khau laa dong va chuyen gia cca Viet Nam 70 trang thoi gian tCi 3.2 Cac giai phap tang cudng xuat khau lao dong cua Viet Nam sang 75 cac nuoc ASEAN thoi gian toi 3.2.1 W phfa Nha nn6c 75 3.2.2 Ve phfa doanh nghiep xuat kh^u lao dong 86 3.2.3 VS phfa ngirdi lao dong 87 89 KfeT LUAN DANH MUC TAI LlfiU THAM KHAo 91 PHU LUC 94 PHU LUC 103 PHU LUC 108 CAC CHUT VIET TAT ASEAN Hiep hoi cac nude Dong Nani A DTN Dao tao nghfi KTXH Kinh te - xa hoi LDTBXH Lao dong - Thirang binh va Xa hoi NKLD NIiAp khftti lao dOng NNL Ngudn nhAn lire POEA Cue Quan ly viec lam ngoai nude QLNN Quan ly Nha nude QLLD Quan ly lao dong TCDN Tong cue day nghd TTLD Tlii trirdng lao dong XHCN XKLD Xa hoi chu nghia Xuat khau lao dong DANH MUC CAC BANG VA S(J DO, BI^U DO STT Ten cac bang Trang Bang 2.1 So luong lao dong viet Nam xuat khau sang mot so thi truong chfnh 45 Bang 2.2 Ty le lao dong viet Nam xuat khau sang mot so thi trubng chfnh 46 Bang 2.3 Phan bo lao dong Viet Nam xuat kha’u sang mot so thi trubng giai doan 1998-2005 47 Bang 2.4 Co ca'u nganh nghe cua lao dong Viet Nam tai cac quoc gia theo cac nhorn nganh chfnh giai doan 1998-2005 49 Bang 2.5 So ngoai te cua lao dong Viet Nam lam viec nude ngoai chuyen ve nude 50 Bang 2.6 Cd cau nganh nghe cua lao dong Viet Nam xuat khau tai Malaysia 59 Bang 3.1 Du bao so luong, co eft'u thi trubng lao dong xuat khau giai doan 2004 - 2010 71 Bang 3.2 Du bao so luong lao dong xuat khau efin dao tao den 2010 74 Ten so Sodd 1.1 10 So 1.2 Xuat khau lao dong ndn kinh te ke hoach hoa tap trung 38 Xuat khau lao dong co che thi trubng 39 Ten bieu 11 Bieu d6 2.1 Phan bo lao dong Viet Nam xuat khau sang mot so thi trubng giai doan 1998-2005 48 12 Bieu 2.2 Thu nhap hinh quAn cua lao dong Viet Nam xuat kh^u tai mot so qud'c gia giai doan 1995-2005 51 13 Bieu 2.3 So' krong lao dong xuA't kh£u sang Malaysia 50 14 Bieu dd 2.4 Co cau nganh nghe cua lao dong Viet Nam xuat khau tai Malaysia 58 Ldl NOI DAU Tinh cap thiet ciia de tai Tir nhieu thAp ky trirdrc day, xuA't khfhi lao dong (XKLD) hay goi la “di cur lao dong quoc te” da trdr mot xu the chung ciia the gidri va hoat dong dirge khAng dinh nhir mot tat yeu khach quan Nhieu nirdre da coi XKLD la mot nhiem vu chien krqc dudng loi phat trien kinh te xa hoi ciia minh vi ITnh virc dem lai ngudn thu rAt lorn cho quoc gia, giai quyct dirge viec lam cho mot so lirgng Idn lao ddng nirdre, dong thdri lire hrgng lao dong co the nAm bat dirge cac ky nang nghe, cong nghe tien tien Nhin chung, XKLD la mot “phirong sach” dAy hieu qua gop phAn day nhanli toe phat trien kinh te xa hoi ciia cac quoc gia, ke ca doi vdri cac nirdre co nen kinh te phat trien cao thi dieu vAn dung vi hg chu trgng XKLD co ham lirgng chat xam cao La mot nirdre dang phat triem, tir diiu nhirng nam 1980, Viet Nam cung da co nhirng birdre di dau tien gia nhap vao thi trirbng XKLD Tuy nhien, vao thdri diem do, chiu tac dong cua boi canh chfnh tri nen quan he XKLD ciia Viet Nam chi bo hep khoi cac nirdre xa hoi chu nghia anh em dirdri hinh thiic “hgp tac” lao dong theo Hiep dinh Chfnh phii vdri Lien Xo va cac nirdre Dong Au (trirdrc dAy) Trong mot thdri gian dai non kinh te nirdre ta gap kho khan cor che tap trung, quan lieu, bao cap, thi ro rang, thu nhAp ciia hang tram nghin lao dong tir nirdre ngoai giri ve bAng hang hoa da gop phAn on dinh thi trirang, cai thien dcri song ciia mot bo phan nhAn dAn Chuyen sang nen kinh te thi trirdrng theo dirdrng loi Doi mdri dirge thong qua tai Dai hoi Dang VT nam 1986, Viet Nam da mb mAm, tirng birdre dat chAn rbi hoi nhap thi trirdrng lao dong khu virc va quoc te Trai qua han 20 nam, XKLD da the hien dirge vai tro quan trgng doi vdri sir nghiep phat trien kinh te xa hoi ciia Viet Nam va chu trirong, dirbng loi ciia Dang vd XKLD cang khang dinh vai tro Gan dAy nhat, Van kidn Dai hOi Dang IX cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam da chi ro: “Mb rong thi trubng lao dong, dfiy manh XKLD co to chirc va hieu qua vdi sir tham gia cua cac ph&n kinh te.” Thue hien chu trirong do, Viet Nam da khong ngirng tiep can, tham nhap va mb long thi trubng XKLD, ben canh nhirng thi trubng truycn thong nhtr Han Quoc, Nhat Ban, Dai Loan, Trung Dong va mot so nude Chau Phi ta chu den thi trubng lao dong cua cac nude khu vuc ASEAN Tir lau Viet Nam da phat trien quan he hop tac vdi cac nude ASEAN tren nhieu linh vuc kinh td, thuong mai, d^u tu, biru chfnh viOn thong, ngftn hang, lao dong Dac biet ke tir gia nhAp ASEAN vao thang 7/1995 thi moi quan lie duoc nang len mot tarn cao mdi, phan dau vi mot Dong Nam A on dinh, hoa binh, thinh vuong va phat tridn Quan he lao dong giira Viet Nam va cac nude ASEAN cung nam xu the phat trien chung Cac nirdc ASEAN dupe coi la thi trirdng tiem nang, cd nhirng loi the nha't dinh ve mat dia ly, co nhirng net tirong ddng vd van hoa, lich sir, co nhu cdu nhap khau lao dong tirong doi cao de thay the cho nhirng lao dong xuat khau cua nirdc ho Chfnh vi vay, lam the nao de tang cirbng XKLD cua Viet Nam sang cac nirdc ASEAN cung la mot va'n dd dang duoc quan tarn Xuat phat tir nhan thirc do, tac gia da chon de tai “Tang cudng XKLD cua Viet Nam sang cac nude ASEAN” lam de tai nghien ciru cua luan van Muc dich nghien ciru Luan van tap trung nghien ciru ve thirc trang (tinh hinh tong quan, cac ket qua dat duqc va mot so tdn tai) cua hoat dong XKLD cua Viet Nam sang cac nude ASEAN, xac dinh cac nguyen nhan ciia nhirng ket qua va ton tai, dd tir do, vdi nhirng bai hoc kinh nghidm rut tir thuc te XKLD cua mot so nude cd didu kien tuong ddng vdi nirdc ta, tren co so chu trirong, chfnh sach, dinh hudng (sau day goi la cac Ca quan duac uy quyen) chiu trach nhiem lam dau moi quan ly, dieu hanh va theo doi thuc hien viec cu, tiep nhan chuyen gia theo Ban Thoa thuan Ca quan duac uy quyen phfa Viet Nam uy nhiem cho Dai suf quan Viet Nam tai Lao dam nhiem cOng tac quan ly chuyen gia Viet Nam tai Lao Cac ca quan duac uy quyen cua hai nudc lap cac nhom chuyen vien theo doi viec thuc hien Ban Thoa thuan de giai quyet nhung van de sinh qua trinh thuc hien Ban Thoa thuan 3: 3.1 Nhung quy dinh cua Ban Thoa thuan duac ap dung cho chuyen gia di theo ke' hoach hap tac cua Chfnh phu, nhung ngudi cac ca quan Nha nudc, cac to chuc kinh te', khoa hoc ky thuat, cong nghe, giao duc, van hoa, xa hoi cua Viet Nam cu sang Lao lam viec theo yeu cau cua phfa Lao Viec cu chuyen gia di theo dudng hap tac giua cac doanh nghiep va to chuc kinh te' cua hai nudc thuc hien theo Hiep dinh ve hap tac lao dong giua COng hoa xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam va Chfnh phu nudc Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan Lao ky 29 thang 06 nam 1995 va Nghi dinh thu sua doi bo sung Hiep dinh Hap tac lao dong ky 08 thang 04 nam 1999 3.2 Viec cu, tie'p nhan, su dung va quan ly chuyen gia Viet Nam lam viec tai Lao duac tien hanh tren ca sd Hap ddng cu va tiep nhan chuyen gia duac ky ket giua cac Bo, nganh, dia phuang cap tinh cua hai nudc phu hap vdi Phap luat hien hanh cua hai nudc va nhung quy dinh cua Ban Thoa thuan 3.3 Trong thdi han 15 sau ky ket Hap dong cu va tiep nhan chuyen gia, cac Bo, nganh, dia phuang cua hai nudc phai bao cao cho cac Ca quan duac uy quyen ve noi dung va ke hoach thuc hien hap dong 3.4 Hap ddng cu va tiep nhan chuyen gia phai co ndi dung phu hap vdi nhung quy dinh cua Ban Thoa thuan va cfin neu cu the: - So luang, nganh nghd, trinh chuyen mon cung nhu cong viec ya nhiem vu duac giao cua chuyen gia; - Thdi han hap ddng va bat dau lam viec, ca quan va dia phuang nai chuyen gia lam viec; 95 - Tien luong co ban tdi thieu va cac loai phu cap lien quan ciia chuyen gia; - Dieu kien an, d va nghi ngoi tdi thieu ciia chuyen gia va gia dinh; - Cac dieu kien vd bao hidm xa hoi, cham soc y te, vd chi phsi di lai tdi thieu ciia chuydn gia DI^U 4: 4.1 Tren co sd Hop ddng cir va tiep nhan chuyen gia cac Bd, nganh, tinh ciia hai nirdc ky kd't, co quan, td chirc Lao true tid'p nhan, sir dung va tra luong chuyen gia thirc hidn vide ky ket mot Hqp ddng lam vice vdi ca nhan chuyen gia Hqp ddng lam viec quy dinh nhirng cam ket cu the ciia hai ben tren co so Hqp ddng cir va tiep nhan chuyen gia da ky va la mot ho phan khong tach rdi ciia hqp ddng 4.2 Chuyen gia dirqc phan hai loai: - Chuyen gia ngan han thdi gian lam vide ghi hqp ddng cir va tiep nhan chuyen gia dirdi thang - Chuyen gia dai han thdi gian lam vide ghi hqp ddng cir va tiep nhan chuyen gia tir thang tro len 4.3 Chuydn gia dai han dirqc mang theo vq (chdng) va 4.4 Thdi han lam vide ciia chuydn gia cd the dirqc rut ngdn hoac kco dai so vdi hqp ddng lam vide da ky Viec rut ngifn hoac keo dai thdi han liim vide dirqc thirc hien sau cd thoa thuan giua cac ben ky ket hop ddng cir va tiep nhan chuyen gia Trong tnrdng hqp thdi gian lam viec ciia chuyen gia bi nit ngAn theo yen cdu ciia phia Lao khong loi ciia chuyen gia, phia Lao thirc hien mot khoan trq cA'p khong ft hon tien lirong ciia mot nira thdi han nit ngan so vdi thdi gian ghi hqp ddng cir va tiep nhan chuydn gia va Hqp ddng lam vide 4.5 Thdi han lam viec ciia chuyen gia dirqc tinh kd tir chuyen gia co mat tai Lao cho den cudi cung ciia Hqp ddng cir va tiep nhan chuyen gia PlLl 5: 5.1 Phia Lao thuc hidn cac thu tuc cu tru hqp phap (cho ngudi nudc ngoai) va che dd bao hidm xa hoi cho chuyen gia co mat tai Lao 96 5.2 Phfa Lao to chirc va tien hanh cac bien phap an ninli cftn thiet bao dam an toan cho chuyen gia va gia dinh thbi gian chuyen gia lam viec tai Lao Pl£u 6: 6.1 Thdi gian lam vide cua chuyen gia mot tufin la 40 gib, mdi gicr Chuydn gia giang day co so gib len Ibp dugc ap dung theo quy dinh hien hanh cua Nha nirdc Lao 6.2 Chuydn gia lhm vi^c thdm gib, lam vide nghi chinh thirc va thbi gian nghi phgep ydu c