Tăng cường thu hút vốn đầu tư trực tiếp của hàn quốc vào công nghiệp việt nam

6646 LOI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan noi dung luan van la toi tir tim hieu va nghien curu tai lieu cung vdi su huong dan tan tinh cua TS Ngo Thi Tuyet Mai Neu co gi sai voi loi cam doan tren, toi xin chiu hoan toan trach nhiem Ha Noi, 25 thang 12 nam 2011 Hoc vien Nguyen Thi Chung MUC LUC • • LOI CAM DOAN DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT DANH MUC CAC BANG, HINH LOI MO DAU CHUONG 1: NHUNG VAN DE CO BAN VE THU HUT VON DAU TU TRUC TIEP CUA HAN QUOC VAO CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM 1.1.VAI TRO CUA CONG NGHIEP DOI VCH SU* PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI VIET NAM 1.1.1 Giai doan trade nam 1986 1.1.2 Giai doan t£r nam 1986 den 1.2 DAC DIEM VA VAI TRO CUA DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI TRONG CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM 1.2.1 Dae diem cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cong nghiep Viet Nam 1.2.2 Vai tro cua nguon von FDI cong nghiep Viet Nam 12 1.3 CAC HINH THUC DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI TRONG CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM 15 1.3.1 Doanh nghiep 100% von nude ngoai 15 1.3.2 Doanh nghiep lien doanh 16 1.3.3 Hinh thuc hop tac kinh doanh tren co sd hop dong hop tac kinh doanh 16 1.3.4 Dau tu theo hop dong BOT, BTO, BT 17 1.3.5 Mua co phan hoac gop von de tham gia quan ly hoat dong dau tu 19 1.3.6 Hinh thuc dau tu mua lai va sap nhap (M&A) 19 1.4 SU* CAN THIET VA CAC NHAN TO ANH HUONG DEN THU HUT VON DAU TU TRUC TIEP CUA HAN QUOC VAO CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM 20 Viet Nam 20 1.4.2 Nhan to anh hurong den thu hut dau tu true tiep cua Han Quoc vao cong nghiep Viet Nam 27 CHVONG 2: II ICC TRANG THU HUT VON DAU TV TRVC TIEP CUA HAN QUOC VAO CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM TRONG THOI GIAN QUA 32 2.1 TONG QUAN VE QUAN HE HOP TAC VIET NAM - HAN QUOC 32 2.1.1 Quan he ve chlnh tri ngoai giao 32 2.1.2 Quan he ve thuong mai va dau tu 34 2.2 TINH HINH THU HUT VON DAU TV TRUC TIEP CUA HAN QUOC VAO VIET NAM TRONG THOI GIAN QUA 41 2.2.1 Quy mo von dau tu va du an 41 2.2.2 Co cau von dau tu 45 2.3 PHAN TICH THUC TRANG THU HUT VON DAU TV TRVC TIEP CUA HAN QUOC VAO CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM TRONG THOI GIAN QUA 50 2.3.1 Von dau tu va du an 50 2.3.2 Co cau von dau tu phan theo nganh 57 2.3.3 Co cau von dau tu theo dia ban 62 2.3.4 Co cau von dau tu theo hinh thuc dau tu 64 2.4 DANH GIA KET QUA THU HUT VON DAU TV TRVC TIEP CUA HAN QUOC VAO CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM 65 2.4.1 Nhung ket qua dat duoc 66 2.4.2 Nhung han che 68 2.4.3 Nguyen nhan cua nhung han che 70 CHVONG 3: DINH HUONG VA GIAI PHAP, KIEN NGHI NHAM TANG CUONG THU HUT VON DAU TV TRVC TIEP CUA HAN QUOC VAO CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM DEN34 NAM 2020 73 3.1 DINH HVONG THU HUT FDI CUA HAN QUOC VAO CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM 73 3.1.1 Trien vong hop tac dau tu giua Viet Nam va Han Quoc thoi gian toi 73 3.1.2 Dinh huong thu hut von dau tu true tiep cua Han Quoc vao cong nghiep Viet Nam 75 3.2 MOT SO GIAI PHAP CHU YEU NHAM TANG CUONG THU HUT VON DAU TU* TRUC TIEP CUA HAN QUOC VAO CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM 77 3.2.1 Hoan thien khung kho phap ly 77 3.2.2 Cai each thu tuc hanh chfnh 78 3.2.3 Da dang hoa hinh thuc thu hut .80 3.2.4 Dao tao nguon nhan luc 81 3.2.5 Cai thien co so tang 82 3.2.6 Day manh hoat dong xue tien dau tu 83 3.2.7 Phat trien cac nganh cong nghiep phu tro 85 3.3 MOT SO KIEN NGHI 87 r AX 3.3.1 Kien nghi ve cac dieu kien thuc hien giai phap 87 3.3.2 Kien nghi doi vdi cac doanh nghiep co von dAu tu true tiep cua Han Quoc 89 KET LUAN 94 TAI LIEU TH AM KHAO 96 DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT Tieng Viet TT Chu viet tat Nghia day du CGCN Chuyen giao cong nghe CNH - HDH Cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa DT Dau tu DTNN Dau tu nudc ngoai DTTT Dau tu true tiep 19 TNHH Trach nhiem huu han 2.Tieng Anh TT Chu viet tat > £ Nghia day du tieng Anh ASEAN Korea Free Trade Area Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation The Association of Southeast Asia Nations Nghia day du tieng Viet Khu vuc mau dich tu ASEAN - Han Quoc Dien dan Hop tac Kinh te chau A - Thai Binh Duong -7 -Hiep hoi cac Quoc gia Dong Nam A Hop dong xay dung - kinh doanh - chuyen giao Hop dong xay dung chuyen giao kinh doanh -y Hop dong xay dung chuyen giao AKFTA APEC ASEAN BOT Build-Operate-Transfer BTO Build-Transfer-Operate BT Build - Transfer FDI Foreign Direct Investment Dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai GDP Gross Domestic Product Tong san pham quoc noi IT Information Technology Cong nghe thong tin 10 IMF 11 KOTRA International Monetary Fund Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency Quy tien te quoc te z -Van phong xuc tien thuong mai dau tu Han Quoc Hiep hoi Ngoai thuong Han Quoc LED Korea Chamber of Commerce & Industry Light Emitting Diodes 14 M&A Mergers and Acquisitions Mua lai va sap nhap 15 NICs New Industrial Countries Cac nude cong nghiep mdi 12 KCCI 13 Den didt phat sang Organization Economic To chuc hop tac va phat and Cooperation trien kinh te Development Official Development Ho trq phat trien chinh thuc Assistance Transnational National Cac cong ty xuyen quoc gia Corporations United Nations Conference To chuc thuong mai va on Trade and Development phat trien Lien Hiep Quoc 16 OECD 17 ODA 18 TNCs 19 UNCTAD 20 USD The United States of Dollar Dong dola My 21 WTO World Trade Organization To chuc Thuong mai the gidi DANH MUC CAC BANG Bang 2.1: Ca cau (%) ODA cua Han Quoc tai Viet Nam 40 Bang 2.2: 10 nude co von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao Viet Nam 42 Hinh 2.1: Cor cau von dau tu vao Viet Nam theo quoc gia va vung lanh tho 42 Bang 2.3 : Tinh hinh dau tu cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam phan theo nganh 46 Bang 2.4: Von dau tu true tiep cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam theo hinh thuc dau tu 49 Bang 2.5: Tong von dang ky va so du an FDI vao nganh cong nghiep 51 Bang 2.6 : Mot so du an dau tu ldn cua Han Quoc tai Viet Nam 52 Bang 2.7: Tinh hinh dau tu cua Han Quoc vao cong nghiep Viet Nam 58 Bang 2.8: 10 dia phuong Han Quoc dau tu vao Viet Nam nhieu nhat 63 DANH MUC CAC HINH • Hinh 1.1: Co cau tong von dau tu nude ngoai cua Han Quoc phan theo khu vuc 21 Hinh 1.2: Co cau 10 nganh thu hut chu yeu von dau tu true tiep cua Han Quoc 24 Hinh 2.2: Von dau tu true tiep cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam giai doan 1992-2010 43 Hinh 2.3: Dau tu true tiep cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam theo nganh .46 Hinh 2.4: Co cau von dau tu true tiep cua Han Quoc theo hinh thuc dau tu 49 83 r •> x y r r x tang Tranh thu toi da cac nguon luc de dau tu phat trien ket cau tang, i j-w • i ' X 'ii' > • X ' dac biet la nguon von ngoai ngan sach nha nuoc ' r r r Truoc mat tap trung chi dao, giai quyet tot viec cung cap dien, moi trudng hop khong de xay tinh trang thieu dien doi voi cac co so san r y r \ xuat bang cach huy dong toi da cac nguon dien nuoc va mua dien cua nuoc ngoai, day manh tien xay dung cac cong trinh dien Tang cudng nghien cuu xay dung chinh sach va giai phap khuyen khich san xuat va su dung dien tu va cac loai nang luong moi nhu suc gio, thuy trieu, nhiet nang tu mat trdi •> r r Khan truong xay dung va ban hanh co che khuyen khich cac ' ' r •> y ? phan kinh te ngoai nha nuoc tham gia phat trien cac cong trinh ket cau tang co cac cong trinh giao thong, cang bien, cac nha may dien doc lap bang cach dau tu xay dung mot cang trung chuyen container quoc te, xay dung he thong dudng cao toc va phat trien dich vu van tai da phuong thuc 3.2.6 Day manh hoat dong xuc tien dau tir Nghien cuu, de xuat chinh sach van dong, thu hut dau tu doi voi cac tap doan da quoc gia cung nhu co chinh sach rieng doi voi tung tap doan "> r •> r y va cac doi tac diem, co Han Quoc de keu goi dau tu vao cac du r f y fyt an lon la rat quan Chu dong tiep can va ho tro cac nha dau tu cua Han r y y Quoc co nhu cau dau tu vao Viet Nam Tang cudng phoi hop hoat dong xuc tien dau tu giua trung uong va dia r r phuong Cac Bo, Nganh va Uy ban nhan dan cap tinh tiep tuc soat, cap nhat bo sung danh muc keu goi dau tu phu hop voi nhu cau dau tu va quy hoach phat trien dia phuong, nganh, linh vuc, san pham Phoi hop chat che giua Bo r x Ngoai Giao, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu, Bo Cong Thuong viec nghien cuu x r r t r thi trudng dau tu the gioi va khu vuc, phoi hop trao doi thong tin: tien hanh r y cac hoat dong xuc tien dau tu va thuong mai tu ben ngoai thong qua cac co 84 quan dai dien ngoai giao va thuong mai nude ngoai cua Viet Nam o cac nuoc va dia ban diem de nang cao hieu qua va dam bao tiet kiem Tranh thu su hop tac, giup lan voi cac to chuc xuc tien dau tu nudc ngoai quoc f r r te; trudc het la khuon kho cua ASEAN, APEC, hop tac A-Au, hop tac • r ' ' vdi cac co quan xuc tien dau tu cua Han Quoc, Nhat Ban, My, cac nudc thuoc lien minh chau Au va cac to chuc quoc te khac Nghien cuu viec xay dung Van ban phap quy ve cong tac Xuc tien dau tu nham tao co so phap ly thong nhat cho cong tac quan ly nha nudc, co che phoi hop va to chuc thuc hien cac hoat dong Xuc tien dau tu Nhanh chong r r •> ? ban hanh qui che phoi hop va trien khai nhanh viec lap bo phan xuc tien dau tu tai mot so dia ban diem Xay dung quy che phoi hop chat che giua cac co quan xuc tien dau tu, xuc tien thuong mai va xuc tien du lich cac \ F A ~ A cap, bao gom ca nudc lan dai dien o nudc ngoai nham tao su dong bo va r phoi hop nang cao hieu qua giua cac hoat dong Tang cudng cong tac dao tao boi duong can bo lam cong tac xuc tien dau tu noi rieng va quan ly dau tu noi chung Van dong va phoi hop vdi cac to chuc quoc te ho tro mo cac lop dao tao ve xuc tien va quan ly dau tu r • y r r nudc ngoai; tiep tuc ket hop cac hoat dong xuc tien dau tu ket hop cac chuyen tham va lam viec tai cac nudc cua lanh dao cap cao Dang, Quoc hoi, Chinh > r phu nham quang ba moi trudng dau tu Viet Nam Phoi hop chat che va nang cao hieu qua hoat dong xuc tien dau tu- thuong mai - du lich; khan truong trien khai viec lap cac bo phan xuc tien dau tu tai cac dia ban r diem theo ke hoach Tao dieu kien thuan loi cho viec lap hiep hoi hoac cau lac bo cac r a r doanh nghiep co von dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam; tang cudng phoi hop chat che vdi cac co quan xuc tien thuong mai cua cac nudc o Viet Nam de gidi thieu luat phap, chinh sach, quang ba cac chuong trinh, du an dau tu; to 85 A A chuc dinh ky cac cuoc gap cong dong dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam de tim hieu tinh hinh, thao go kho khan va ho tro cho cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai e r a noi chung va doanh nghiep Han Qudc noi rieng dang dau tu tai Viet Nam Cong bo danh muc du an keu goi dau tu nudc ngoai; soan thao in tai lieu,sach , r r a bien luat phap, chinh sach thu hut FDI bang cac thu tieng thong dung nhu /■ A Anh, Phap, Nhat, Trung Qudc Dong thdi, cac bo cac nganh, Uy ban nhan dan tinh phai chu dong to chuc, tham gia cac dien dan, cac cuoc hoi A A thao d nudc va nudc ngoai nham quang ba mdi trudng dau tu Viet Nam, cd trach nhiem hudng dan, chi dao dam phan, ky ket hop dong cac du an FDI r r \ Ket hop van dong cong ty vira va nho cua Han Qudc vdi viec tao dieu r e r kien thu hut cac cong ty ldn, tap doan xuyen qudc gia cd tru sd d Han Qudc dau tu vao Viet Nam r a Tang cuong van dong cac du an dau tu mdi cua Han Qudc, dong thdi r a tiep tuc van dong cac nha dau tu da hoat dong d Viet Nam thuc hien cac du an dau tu mdi va (hoac) md rong qui md du an da dupe cap phep: coi nhung tien bo cai thien mdi trudng dau tu va nhung md hinh cong hoat A r ' dong dau tu nudc ngoai d Viet Nam la nhan to quan trong, cd sue thuyet phuc nhat de thu hut cac nha dau tu mdi Ar a Ngoai ra, viec thu hut dau tu cua Han Qudc vao Viet Nam can hudng r vao cac du an ma Viet Nam cd the manh va kinh nghiem, chu vao du an r co ham luong cong nghe cao, san xuat gia dung dien tu a 3.2.7 Phat trien cac nganh cong nghiep phu tro* r a a r Ket qua cua mot cuoc dieu tra gan day cho thay, cd tdi 75% cac doanh nghiep FDI cua Viet Nam van phai nhap nguyen vat lieu tu nudc ngoai nen e r r r kinh te la het sue quan trong, song thuc trang nganh d Viet Nam rat 86 r •> r x f yeu kem, khong dap ung noi nhu cau cua cac doanh nghiep san xuat, nhat la r x cac doanh nghiep FDI Dac biet, ve phia Han Quoc, cac quan chuc cung nhu r xx •> doanh nghiep deu cho rang Viet Nam muon day manh cong nghiep hoa va giu chan cac nha dau tu thi can phai phat trien cac nganh cong nghiep phu tro Vi vay, phat trien nganh cong nghiep phu tro trd mot nhiem vu vo cung r i r f cap bach cua Viet Nam va co vai tro quyet dinh doi voi viec phat trien kinh te r r dat nuoc Sau day la mot so giai phap co ban: Cac co quan quan ly cua Nha nuoc can co khai niem ro rang va xac X dinh duoc tam quan cua nganh cong nghiep phu tro tu lua chon nhung nganh diem de dau tu, co chinh sach ho tro doanh nghiep vua va nho nganh cong nghiep phu tro Truoc het, nen uu tien phat trien cong nghiep phu tro cho nhung nganh hang co kim ngach xuat khau lon, tao nhieu cong an viec lam nhu o to, det may, da giay, dien tu, dien gia dung Hoan thien, ban hanh moi nhung tieu chuan ky thuat doi voi cac san pham cong nghiep, tranh tinh trang san xuat tu khong theo mot khuon mau nao, xay dung cac rao can ky thuat khong trai voi quy dinh cua WTO cho tung nganh va tung chung loai san pham Can phai co su ho tro cua Chinh phu, truoc mat can thiet lap mot co x r •> x quan dau moi tao su chuyen nghiep ve cong nghiep phu tro chang han nhu Hiep hoi hoac co quan truc thuoc Chinh phu, nham tang cudng ho tro ky thuat, chuyen giao cong nghe Mac du Viet Nam da co trung tam ho tro ky thuat cho cong nghiep phu tro tai Ha Noi, Da Nang, Thanh Ho Chi Minh voi muc tieu ho tro cac doanh nghiep vua va nho nham dap ung yeu cau cua cac doanh nghiep lap rap, tang cudng ho tro ky thuat, tao uu dai cho cac nha X • ' r ' dau tu vao linh vuc nhung day khong phai la dau moi chinh thuc Dieu khien cac doanh nghiep gap khong it kho khan Vi vay, Chinh phu nen nhanh chong lap mot co quan dau moi cho cong nghiep phu tro 87 A ' Don moi kha nang de thu hut FDI dau tu vao nganh cong nghiep phu tro Dac biet, nganh cong nghiep phu tro cung la mot nganh cong nghiep mui r x r \ nhon cua Han Quoc Vi vay, can thu hut cac doanh nghiep Han Quoc dau tu vao nganh nay, sau se chuyen giao ky thuat cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam Vdi nhung chi tiet de che tao, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam co du kha f \ ro) nang dam nhan duoc Dieu rat quan trong, boi viec ho tro cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam phat trien trinh ky thuat, san sang don nhan chuyen giao ky thuat, san xuat tu cac doanh nghiep co von nuoc ngoai la rat A r \ A \ can thiet Dong thdi, can quy dinh ro cac chinh sach uu dai dau tu; xay khu cong nghiep danh rieng cho cong nghiep phu tro Vdi cac doanh nghiep nudc can doi xu binh dang nham thuc day chuyen doi co che san xuat cua cac doanh nghiep Cac du an dau tu vao cac khu cong nghiep, khu che xuat, khu kinh dac biet kho khan Han Quoc lai cd nhung nganh cong nghiep mui nhon nhu: nganh cong nghiep dien tu so, nganh cong nghiep thong tin vien thong, nganh chat ban dan, nganh cong nghiep oto, nganh cong nghiep dong tau, nganh cong nghiep det, nganh cong nghiep phu tung nguyen lieu Vi vay, Nha nudc phai cd nhung chinh sach uu dai, tao mdi trudng dau tu thong thoang de thu hut duqc nhung doanh nghiep nam cac nganh cong nghiep mui nhon cua Han Quoc day manh dau tu vao Viet Nam 3.3 MOT SO KIEN NGHI • • 3.3.1 Kien nghi ve cac dieu kien thuc hien giai phap - Coi phat trien thuong mai song phuong Day manh dam phan va thuc thi FTA Viet Nam - Han Quoc, trudc mat lay FTA Han Quoc - Asean r r \ r lam don bay Thuyet phuc Han Quoc cong nhan day du dia vi “kinh te thi e A trudng” cua Viet Nam va loai bo nhung rao can thuong mai ton tai 88 - Thuc day gia tang dau tu truc tiep Han Quoc vao Viet Nam Cai thien moi trudng dau tu Dinh hudng khuyen khich cac nha dau tu Han Quoc tiep tuc dau tu vao cac nganh co gia tri gia tang cao nhu cong nghe thong tin, cac A nganh cong nghiep khai khoang, dau mo A A A - Can chu phat trien cac nganh su dung nhieu lao dong, song dieu khong co nghia la khong chu thu hut FDI vao phat trien cac nganh r r r •> san xuat tu lieu san xuat, cong nghiep nang de dam bao san xuat hieu qua, r r r nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua san pham hoi nhap kinh te quoc te r _ Bai hoc quan nhat cua cac nudc NIC nhung nam qua la phai xay r z •> dung duoc mot co cau san pham hop ly, mot co cau san pham phai tu san xuat cac tu lieu san xuat cung cap cho toan bo nen kinh te, tap trung thu hut ft FDI vao cac san pham co ham luong ky thuat, von cao cac san pham cong nghiep nhe su dung nhieu lao dong mat kha nang canh tranh quoc te, suc lao dong khong la loi the nua A - Can co chinh sach uu tien phat trien nganh tung tinh va khu ZA • ZA AA A Z r rp Z r ZA a ZA • A cong nghiep ma vua qua chung ta chua co Trudc het can coi va nang cao hieu qua dau tu nudc ngoai dua tren loi the cua tung tinh va khu r r a cong nghiep Doi vdi mot so vung can neu bat dinh hudng thu hut FDI vao r ZA ZA Al r Al r ZA • ZA r ZA f Al ZA • ZA r mot so nganh, cac nganh san xuat tu lieu san xuat, cac nganh cong nghiep co ham luong khoa hoc va von cao, cac nganh ho tro va lien quan A - Chinh sach noi dia hoa cua ta can phai tich cuc hon va phai duoc giai Z Z A quyet tu goc, the hien duyet cac du an dau tu nudc ngoai va quy dinh thdi gian noi dia hoa ngan Vua qua Bo tai chinh dua chinh sach ty le noi dia r r r hoa cang cao, thue suat cang giam Ty le noi dia hoa tren 65-80% thi thue nhap khau phu tung chi 5-7% va tren 80% thi thue nhap khau chi 3­ 5%, 40% thi thue nhap khau linh kien la 15% Khuyen khich noi dia hoa r r chinh sach noi dia hoa doi vdi FDI dua ty le thap, mat khac nang luc 89 san xuat phu tung, may moc de lap rap xe may cua doanh nghiep nude yeu, gia cao thi cung van chi tiep tuc lam sinh gian lan - Nha nudc chu truong khong chay theo so luong ma chu vao chat luong du an Thuc hien thu hut FDI theo hudng chon loc hon vdi tam *> A diem la thu hut cac du an co so tang, du an su dung cong nghe cao, cong nghe sach va tao cac san pham co suc canh tranh; cac du an phat trien nganh cong nghiep ho tro; cac du an co kha nang tham gia vao chuoi gia tri toan cau r r - Tiep tuc nang cao hieu qua viec phong chong tham nhung, tieu cuc va tinh trang nhung nhieu doi vdi nha dau tu De cao tinh than trach nhiem ca r r nhan xu ly cong viec, thuc hanh tiet kiem, chong lang phi o cac co quan quan ly nha nudc - Duy tri co che doi thoai thuong xuyen giua lanh dao chinh phu, cac Bo, nganh vdi cac nha dau tu Han Quoc, dac biet la cac Dien dan doanh nghiep giua hai quoc gia nham giai quyet kip thoi cac kho khan, vudng mac qua trinh thuc hien cac thu tuc phap ly hien hanh ve dau tu, dam bao cac r r \ r du an hoat dong hieu qua Tiep tuc cung co long tin cua cac nha dau tu doi vdi moi truong dau tu kinh doanh tai Viet Nam, tao hieu ung lan toa va tac A dong tich cuc tdi cac nha dau tu mdi - Dau tu tai Viet Nam, Han Quoc co dieu kien thuan loi viec chuyen hudng xuat khau de dang sang nudc thu ba nhu My, Chau Au va cac r r nudc ASEAN khac Vdi loi the chi phi thap hon, Viet Nam cung la noi don nhan thuan tien dich chuyen dau tu tu Trung Quoc sang - Tang curing kha nang san xuat kinh doanh De thu hut cong nha dau tu nudc ngoai vao hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep, trudc het, doanh nghiep phai chung 90 X Z minh voi nha dau tu nhung uu the va kha nang canh tranh cua san pham, muc lai nhuan va doanh thu tang manh qua cac nam cua minh Nhung yeu x to se giup nha dau tu tin tudng vao lai ich nguon von ho bo San r r \ pham doc dao, chiem uu the va co kha nang canh tranh tren thi truong x x Hau het cac nha dau tu deu muon dau tu vao nhung doanh nghiep co uu x r r a r •> the canh tranh tren thi truong, san pham mang nhung net rieng, doc dao Vi vay de thu hut nha dau tu, doanh nghiep can chung minh uu diem cua san pham bang cach so sanh chung voi cac san pham cua doi thu canh r tranh va cac san pham thay the San pham cua doanh nghiep co kha nang sinh loi cao Ty le lai nhuan la mot nhung dau hieu ve mat tai chinh cho thay san pham va dich vu cua doanh nghiep co cho dung tren thi truong Theo nghien cuu cua cac giao su dai hoc Stanford, cac cong ty deu bat dau co lai vao nam thu sau lap Do do, nhung nha dau tu khon ngoan- nguoi hieu duqc nhan /■ r a to chu chot se khong de y toi nhung cong ty tuyen bo lqi nhuan sau ba den nam nam Doanh thu tang manh qua cac nam Doanh thu tang trudng manh qua X cac nam se lam nha dau tu tin tuang vao tinh hinh kinh doanh cua doanh x x r nghiep, dong nghia voi viec nguon von ho bo thu duqc hieu qua Nhu mot r •> r r r nguyen tac chung, neu mot doanh nghiep khong the cho thay so doanh thu vao nam thu ba va gap doi so vao nam thu nam, thi khong mot nha dau tu nao quan tam toi du an kinh doanh x r - Lap ke hoach kha thi ve twang lai san pham r i •> Mot ke hoach phat trien san pham va kinh doanh tung giai doan chung to doanh nghiep hoat dong chuyen nghiep, co tinh toan Phan tich kha x nang phat trien cua san pham, du bao ve san pham moi, tim kiem nhung yeu x to tiem tang san pham, phan tich thi truong va doi thu canh tranh chinh r 9 r r r 91 X X la cac viec doanh nghiep nen lam de giup nha dau tu yen tam vao viec dau tu cua minh San pham co the loi keo khach hang thuong xuyen va lau dai e x r x tucmg lai Cac san pham chi co the ban mot lan va it co nhu cau dung lai iw r x x thuong khong hap dan cac nha dau tu Cac doanh nghiep can chung to cho r x x nha dau tu thay rang doanh nghiep minh co the tang quy md thi trudng, mb rong thi phan va tang trudng nhanh, lieu tuc voi nhung san pham tot, kieu dang va mau ma duoc thay doi thuong xuyen de thu hut khach hang Tinh hinh phat trien san pham mdi: khong nha dau tu nao thich dau tu r vao doanh nghiep chi cd nhat mot san pham Khi gioi thieu cac du bao tai chinh, doanh nghiep nen the hien ro rang nao mot san pham mdi dupe gidi thieu va nd se cd tac dong nhu the nao den doanh so ban va loi nhuan cua doanh nghiep Yeu to tiem tang san pham Nd lam cho san pham cua doanh nghiep trd nen hap dan, khac biet vdi cac san pham cua cac doi thu canh X r x x tranh Can lam cho nha dau tu biet rang doanh nghiep minh cd nhung bi quyet cong nghe noi bat dugc bao ve ky luong, do san pham co nhung net doc dao khac biet Ban than doanh nghiep la cong ty dau tien nghi y dudi kip Phan tich thi trudng va doi thu canh tranh tuomg lai Phan tich * r r thi trudng va doi thu canh tranh giup doanh nghiep xac dinh ro rang vi the r r r r r cua minh, tir cd nhung bien phap chien thang doi thu, chiem uu the thi trudng Doanh nghiep cung nen dua nhung gia thiet va phan ung cua doi x r thu canh tranh Thong tin ve doi thu canh tranh cang ro rang bao nhieu thi du an kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep cang dugc cac nha dau tu tin tudng bay nhieu 92 - Tang cucfng tinh chuyen nghiep cua bo may quan ly r Muc chuyen nghiep hoat dong quan ly, san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep luon luon la tieu chi hang dau ma cac nha dau tu xem xet ve doanh nghiep Su chuyen nghiep the hien viec quan tri cua doi ngu lanh dao doanh nghiep, su quan ly tai chinh minh bach, bao cao thong tin chinh xac, du toan ro rang day du y y Nhieu cac nha dau tu nuoc ngoai xem doi ngu quan tri doanh ■> r y r nghiep nhu mot tieu chuan co ban de quyet dinh dau tu Giam doc y dieu hanh doanh nghiep phai la ngudi co kha nang lam viec tren tinh y r 9 z r than hop tac, hieu biet sau sac thi truong, khach hang de biet duoc y z nhung bien dong thi truong va dieu hanh doanh nghiep di dung hudng, y z lam yen tam cac nha dau tu it lien quan den linh vuc hoat dong ma ho y y dau tu De lam duoc dieu nay, cac doanh nghiep can trien khai ap dung r r y y cac chuan muc quoc te ve dieu hanh va quan tri doanh nghiep Ban than doi ngu lanh dao doanh nghiep cung phai tich cue hoc tap de nang cao nang luc quan ly cua minh Tinh hinh tai chinh, cu the la su minh bach the hien qua cac bao cao tai chinh, thong tin cong bo cua doanh nghiep luon duoc cac nha dau tu quan tam Nha dau tu thuong dua cac cau hoi: "lieu cac so co sat vdi muc trung binh cua nganh khong?" Neu cac cau tra loi cua doanh nghiep la “khong”, ho se nhanh chong gat bo du an cua doanh nghiep Nguoc lai, cac bao cao minh bach va chinh xac se tang tinh hap dan cua doanh nghiep r y y r mat cac nha dau tu Do do, cac doanh nghiep can tuan thu che bao cao dac biet theo tieu chuan chat luong cao ve ke toan tai chinh cung nhu cong bo cac thong tin tai chinh va phi tai chinh 93 - Tang cudng ky nang dam phan, ky ket hop dong lien doanh Dam phan la hoat dong cuoi cung, sau nha dau tu da khao sat ve r r t a doanh nghiep va quyet dinh viec dau tu vao doanh nghiep De thuc hien tot qua trinh dam phan, doanh nghiep nen chu y nhung hoat dong sau: Xac dinh muc dich trade dam phan: Giup doanh nghiep khong mac ■> r \ sai lam hay bo qua nhung chi tiet quan trong qua trinh dam phan De lam tot dieu nay, doanh nghiep can phai biet doi tac nuoc ngoai se cam ket doanh nghiep r a a Lam ro nhung van de xung quanh hop dong: Tranh nhung xung dot co r r the xay hoac nhung can thiep qua muc cua doi tac nudc ngoai doi vdi hop r a r dong Doanh nghiep nen thue cac cong ty co van phap luat va cac chuyen gia A A co kinh nghiem nham dam phan nhung dieu khoan co loi cho minh Tinh toan ty le lpi nhuan hop ly cho nha dau tu Ty le loi nhuan danh cho cac nha dau tu la bao nhieu la hop ly: neu qua cao, nd cd the khien doanh i • nghiep nan long, neu qua thap se khien cac nha dau tu nan long Vi vay r r r a nhin chung, muc 1% den 5% la khong that su hap dan, neu la 30% cd the • r r ' lai qua cao Con so hop ly nen dao dong khoang 5% den 15% ty le phan r r a a tram loi nhuan tren so vdn dau tu ma nha dau tu nudc ngoai bo Vi du nhu du an lap cong ty lien doanh Fawoo-Kidi de xay dung nha may r r san xuat va phan phoi bong den LED, Fawoo nhan duoc 4% lpi nhuan lien r r quan den bong den LED Ly Fawoo nhan ty le thap vi Fawoo chi dong gop f A A A 35% tong vdn dieu le va lpi nhuan dupc coi nhu la tien ban quyen 94 KET LUAN nhu dien tu, vien thong, xay dung, dong tau, dich vu tai chinh, khach san ' ' Viet Nam la mot nen kinh te tang trudng nhanh, on dinh, mot thi trudng ldn qui md tren 86 trieu dan, co doi ngu lao dong tre, vi tri thuan loi ve dia chinh tri, giao thuong vdi khu vuc va co mdi trudng dau tu thong thoang, cang hoan thien Dieu quan hon het la nd luc cua hai Chinh phu quyet tam y y r t e day manh hop tac giua hai nudc Vdi viec lanh dao hai nudc nhat tri nang tam quan he len “Doi tac hop tac chien luoc”, viec thu hut dau tu true tiep cua Han Qudc vao cong nghiep Viet Nam thdi gian tdi se cang thuan loi Cd mat d Viet Nam tu nam 1992, cac nha dau tu Han Qudc da nhanh r y r r •> chong xac lap duoc vi the hang dau cua minh tong sd cac qudc gia va X • • r ' r vung lanh tho dau tu vao Viet Nam Vdi the manh ve von, cong nghe va nang luc quan ly, FDI cua Han Qudc tai Viet Nam da co nhung dong gop to ldn doi 9.r ■ r y r y vdi su phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua dat nudc nhu bo sung nguon von dau tu, x r r r •> gop phan chuyen dich co cau kinh te, chuyen giao cong nghe tien tien, giai r quyet viec lam va nang cao trinh cho ngudi lao dong Trong thdi gian e x r r qua, viec thu hut dau tu true tiep cua Han Qudc vao cong nghiep Viet Nam da dat duoc nhieu ket qua tich cue, song neu muon thu hut duoc nhieu hon nua r von FDI cua Han Qudc vao cong nghiep Viet Nam thdi gian tdi, Viet r Nam can phai giai quyet nhung kho khan bat cap dang can trd hoat dong dau x r tu cua cac nha dau tu Han Qudc 95 > r # r x Dau tu true tiep cua Han Quoc la mot bo phan hop cua nen kinh r te, dang cang dong vai trd quan trong sir nghiep cong nghiep hoa hien dai hoa dat nudc, dong gop mot nguon von ldn de giu vung nhip tang r trudng kinh te nhung nam qua va thdi gian tdi Nganh cong nghiep la mot nhung nganh chu chot cua nen kinh te nudc ta, vi vay r X r X nguon von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai Tuy nhien viec su dung va quan ly r x nguon von cho hieu qua doi hoi cac co quan chuc nang, cac Bo, Nganh thien va sua doi chinh sach lien quan den dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam X e X Dong thdi phai nang cao trinh quan ly cua cac can bo quan ly dau tu z Vdi nhung ket qua dat duoc thdi gian qua va truoc doi hoi mdi Z Z XX cua tinh hinh hoi nhap khu vuc va quoc te Chung ta tin tuong rang, dau tu z z e true tiep nudc ngoai cua Han Quoc vao cong nghiep Viet Nam se •> X cang phat trien, gop phan tich cue vao qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai z z z z hoa dat nudc cua Viet Nam va chinh sach kinh te doi ngoai cua Han Quoc, Z Z thuc hien cong chien luoc phat trien kinh te xa hoi giai doan 20112020 cua Viet Nam 96 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Tieng Viet Bo ngoai giao, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2010), Han Quoc dan dau danh sach cac quoc gia co von dau tu vao Viet Nam r r Co cau FDI theo nganh cua Han Quoc d Viet Nam Nghien cuu Han r Quoc (Korean Studies in Vietnam), July 2011 Cue Dau tu nuoc ngoai (2009), Nang luc dau tu cua Han Quoc d Viet Nam duqc danh gia cao X ' r Cue Dau tu nuoc ngoai (2009), Bao cao dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Han Quoc vao Viet Nam Cue Dau tu nudc ngoai (2011), Bao cao true tuyen tong ket dau tu Han Quoc - Viet Nam 1988 den thang nam 2011 Nguyen Khanh Doanh (2011), Quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Han r r •> r chi Nghien cuu kinh te, so 396 Quoc: trien vong va giai phap, FIA Viet Nam (2011), “56 lieu FDI cua Han Quoc tai Viet Nam tinh den 23/03/201 T\ Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu, Cue dau tu nudc ngoai, 29/6/2011 Ha Chan Ho (2011) - Han Quoc tang ho tro ODA cho Viet Nam, Bao Kinh te Viet Nam, 9/6/2011 Dinh Phi Ho, Le Ngoc Uyen, Le Thi Thanh Tung (2009), “Vai trd cua cong nghiep phat trien kinh te”, Nha Xuat ban Thong ke TP Ho Chi Minh 10 Ngo Thi Tuyet Mai (2011) - Dau tu cua Han Quoc tai Viet Nam: Thuc r x r r r trang va nhung van de dat ra, Ky yeu Hoi thao quoc te, thang nam 2011 11 Dang Xuan Quang (2010), “Thu hut vdn dau tu nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam nam 2010 va dinh hudng nam 2011”, Tap chi kinh te du bao, so 3/2010 12 Nguyen Sinh (2011), Quan he kinh te Viet Nam - Han Quoc: trien vong tot dep, Tap chi Dang Cong san 06/01/2011 97 13 Nguyen Quang Thai (2010), FDI nam 2010 va trien vong nam 2011, TCTC Online http://www.tapchitaichinh.vn/tabid/56/Key/ViewArticleContent/Articlel d/2860/Default.aspx 14 Phan Ngoc Trung (2010), “Giai phap thu hut dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai r r tien trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa”, Tap chi kinh te du bao, so 21/2010 Tieng Anh 15 Cheong, J (2010) - Korea’s economics cooperation with CLMV: Case of Vietnam, In Economic Relation of China, Japan and Korea with the Mekong River Basin Countries (MRBCs), BRC Research Report No.3, Bangkok, Thailand 16 Deok Ryong Characteristics Yoon.(2007) Korea’s and Prospects, Outward Korea Institute FDI in Asia: for International Economic Policy 17 Roger Ramp (2009), FDIN in Emerging Market - Vietnam and Korea, International Coperate Finance, Seminar Paper, GRIN Verlag 18 South Korea tops Sources of FDI in Vietnam, Asia Pulse News, 22 August 2007 19 Vietnam - Korea Bilateral Ties have room to Futher Developer Business News, July 2011