Phát triển quan hệ thương mại giữa việt nam và canada

8470 LV.ThS DHKTOD TRUING DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN [)/\l HOC KTQD - - TT THONG TIN THlJVIEN PHONG LUAN AN-TU LIEU HOANG THI HONG CHI PHAT TRIEN QUAN HE TH L ONG MAI (.ILA VIET NAM VA CANADA Chuyen nganh: Kinh te the gicri va Quan he Kinh te quoc te LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • THS ■ NGLOI HIONG DAN KHOA HOC: PGS.TS NGUYEN NHl/BINH Ha Noi, nam 2013 LCD CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan luan van thac sy kinh te “Phat trien quart he thuomg mai giira Viet Nam va Ca-na-da” la cong trinh nghien cuu rieng cua toi dudi sir hudng dan true tiep cua PGS.TS Nguyen Nhu Binh cung vdi su chi bao cua mot sd thay co giao \ r r Toi xin cam doan rang so lieu va ket luan nghien cuu luan van la trung thuc, khong trung lap vdi de tai khac Moi so lieu duoc su dung da duoc tri ch dan day du danh muc tai lieu tham khao Hoc vien Hoang Thi Hong Chi LCH CAM ON Trude tien, toi xin gui ldi cam on tdi giao vien hudng dan luan van cua toi, PGS.TS Nguyen Nhu Binh Trong sudt qua trinh nghien cuu, thay giao da tao moi dieu kien giup dd, kien nhan hudng dan va dong vien toi rat nhieu Su hieu biet sau sac ve khoa hoc, cung nhu kinh nghiem cua thay chinh la tien de giup toi hoan tot luan van Toi cung xin gui ldi cam on chan tdi cac thay, cd giao Vien Thuong mai va Kinh te quoc te da gop y, truyen dat lai nhung kinh nghiem quy bau de tdi hoan luan van cua minh Cuoi cung, tdi xin chan cam on gia dinh, cac ban dong nghiep va cac ban Tdi xin chan cam on! Hoc vien Hoang Thi Hong Chi YEU CAU CUA HQI DONG CHAM LUAN VAN THAC SI VE ? ■S ? SThung diem can sua chua bo sung trade nop luan van chinh thuc oho Vien dao tao SDH z X' NHAN XET LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE Ten Luan van: Phat trien quan he thuong mai gi&a Viet Nam va Canada Hoang Thj Hong Chi (Dai hoc Kinh te Qud'c dan) Chuyen nganh: Kinh te The gidi va Quan he kinh te Quoc te Hoc vien: Tinh thiet thuc cua de tai: Day la de tai co y nghia thuc tien, vi no giup cho cac nha hoach dinh chinh sach va cac doanh nghiep xuat nhap khau hieu ro hon thi trudng Canada, nhung va'n de quan he thuong mai cua Viet Nam vdi Canada, de tren co sd co the tim nhung giai phap phu hop de thuc day hon nua moi quan he tuong lai Ket cau va noi dung cua Luan van: Ngoai Ldi md dau, Ket luan, Danh muc cac bang va bieu dO, Danh muc cac tu viet tat, Phu luc va Tai lieu tham khao, Luan van gom ba Chuong noi dung nhu vay, xet ve tong the la hop ly va ldgich Cac noi dung duoc trinh bay va phan tich kha cu the theo mOt ket cau nhu sau: - Chuang 1: Nhung yeu to tu phia Canada anh hudng deh phat trien quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam va Canada Chuang 2: Thuc trang phat trien quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam va Canada Chuang 3: Dinh hudng va giai phap phat trien quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam va Canada Nhttng dong gop cua Luan van: Co the noi, tren co sd he thong hoa lai mOt so khia canh ly luan quan he thuong mai va phat trien quan he thuong mai giua cac quoc gia, phan tich thuc trang quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam va Canada thdi gian qua, phan tich cac nhan td hien tai va du bao cac nhan td tuong lai tac dong den quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam va Canada, Luan van tren cua Hoc vien Hoang Thi Hong Chi da de xuat mot sd phuong hudng va giai phap phat trien hon nua quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam va Canada den nam 2020 Mot so diem muon trao doi cung hoc vien: - Doi tuong nghien cuu xac dinh chua duoc chuan xac va sat thuc lam Le phai la Nghien cftu thuc trang quan he thuang mai giua Viet Nam va Canada ti( nam 2008 den nam 2012, va tam nhin den nam 2020 - Phuong phap nghien cuu khong phai la phuong phap DVBC va DVLS ma la phuong phap luan DVBC va DVLS - De nghi hoc vien khai quat dac diem ccr ban nhat cua quan he thuong mai gitia Viet Nam va Canada va ly giai tai lai khai quat len dac diem do? Tom lai: Do la mot vai dihm muon can trao doi them de giup tac gia hoan thien them noi dung cua Luan van, song chung toi van cho rang, noi dung nghien cuu cua Luan van vdi d£ tai tren cua Hoc vien Hoang thi Hdng Chi la phu hop va da dap umg duoc tdt nhGng yeu cau cua mot Luan van Thac si thuoc chuyen nganh Kinh te The gicti va Quan he Kinh te quoc te va ma so dao tao De nghi Hoi ddng cham Luan van xem xet thong qua va de nghi trucfng Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan xem xet cap bang Thac si kinh te cho Hoc vien Hoang Thi Hong Chi bang luan van Ha ndi, Ngay 04 thang 12 nam 2013 Ngifoi nhan xet thur nhat PGS TS Liru Ngoc Trinh, Vien Kinh teva Chinh tri The giai BQ GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUING DAI HOC KTQD * * CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHIA VIET NAM Doc lap - Ta - Hanh phuc * — 0O0 — NHAN XET LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • • De tai: “Phat trien thuong mai giua Viet Nam va Canada” Cua cao hoc vien: Hoang Thj Hong Chi X _ Sau doc xong toan bo ban luan van bao gom 89 trang danh may Toi co nhung nhan xet danh gia sau day: I Ve noi dung cua ban luan van Quan he Viet Nam - Canada da trai qua 40 nam, cd quan he X ~ X ve thuong mai, dau tu va ho trq phat trien chinh thuc Tuy nhien quan he r r thuong mai giua quoc gia mdi dat dupe d muc nhat dinh, chua tuong xung • X • , ’ vay, viec tac gia lua chon de tai “Phat trien thuong mai giira Viet Nam va hoc vien lira chon phu hop vdi chuyen nganh dao tao X Luan van da khai quat duqc nhung ly luan co ban ve vai tro, y nghia cua phat trien thuong mai va nhung noi dung chu yeu quan he thuong mai giua cac quoc gia Nhung dac diem kinh te, chinh tri van hoa xa hoi co r r •> anh huong den phat trien thuong mai, dac biet he thong chinh sach thuong r r mai cua Canada co anh huong den phat trien thuong mai giua quoc gia da duqc luan van danh kha nhieu trang phan tich va coi day nhu co so luan cho de tai nghien cuu Bang he thong so lieu can thiet, luan van da phan tich duqc thuc trang phat trien quan he thuong mai giua hai quoc gia thbi gian qua Tren co r sb khai quat thuc trang xuat nhap khau hang hoa va quan he thuong mai giua hai nude tuong quan khu vuc mau dich tu Bac My, luan van kha cong phan tich duoc thuc trang quan he thuong mai d tam vi mo Do la viec phan tich, xem xet quan he ngoai giao, quan he lien chinh phu va r quan he xuc tien thuong mai phia doanh nghiep da duoc luan van khai quat tir trang 62 den trang 67 Day co the coi la co so thuc tien cho nhung giai phap kien nghi d chuong quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Canada Do la cac giai phap ve tang cudng quan he lien chinh phu, doi moi hoat dong xuc tien thuong mai vi mo, dieu chinh chinh sach nhap khau cac mat hang va phat trien kenh toan, lien ket ngan hang Nhung giai phap dua co co sd ly luan, thuc tien va dang tran A II Ve hinh thuc cua ban luan van r •> r \ \ r Luan van dupe ket cau theo kieu truyen thong, bao gom chuong; r r •> r chuong trinh bay nhung yeu to tu phia Canada anh hudng den phat trien quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam va Canada tu trang den trang 34; chuong trinh bay thuc trang phat trien quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam r va Canada tu trang 35 den trang 67; chuong trinh bay dinh hudng va giai •> r phap phat trien quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam va Canada tu trang 68 den r •> r a trang 89 Nhin chung ket cau luan van nhu vay da co the truyen tai dupe A A nhung noi dung can nghien cuu cua de tai ro rang Cac phuong phap nghien cuu su dung de tai la phu hop va dap A A ung dupe yeu cau dat cua de tai luan van trich dan day du III Ve trao doi vdi tac gia luan van - Dua ten cua tac gia Trinh Huyen Trang va Nguyen Van Tuan vao danh muc tai lieu tham khao - O chuong can lam dam net hon y nghia cua viec phat trien quan he 76 mai, dau tu, vien tru phat trien cho Viet Nam De cam ket tren tro hien thuc, mot so noi dung ma nha nuoc va chinh phu hai quoc gia can lam thdi gian toi la: - Tang cudng trao doi va tiep xuc doan cap cao cung nhu giua cac Bo, nganh, dia phuong cua hai nuoc Hoat dong se day manh hop tac song phuong tren tat ca cac linh vuc va cap giua hai quoc gia Trong thdi gian toi, nhung mo hinh lien ket hop tac nhu giua Phong thuong mai va cong nghiep Viet Nam voi Hoi dong kinh doanh Ca-na-da - Viet Nam, Hiep hoi doanh nghiep Viet Nam voi Hiep hoi doanh nghiep mien Tay Ca-na-da, can duoc nhan rong va nang cao hieu qua hoat dong nham mang lai nhung ket qua hop tac thiet thuc - Chinh phu hai nuoc can soat va sua doi, bo sung nhung hiep dinh, thoa thuan ve hop tac song phuong da khong mang tinh cap nhat, nhanh chong ky ket nhung thoa thuan dang qua trinh dam phan Trong 40 nam qua, hai nuoc da ky ket nhieu hiep dinh va thoa thuan tren nhieu linh vuc, dac biet la ve kinh te, thuong mai Nhung hiep dinh ddi da tao nen tang va khung phap ly cho hoat dong thuong mai giua hai quoc gia Tuy nhien, cho den nay, cung voi su thay doi nhanh chong cua nen kinh te the gioi va moi nuoc, nhung noi dung khong mang tinh cap nhat va sat voi tinh hinh moi, cung nhu khong phu hop voi nhung khuon kho hop tac da phuong ma hai nuoc cung tham gia Do vay, viec sua doi, bo sung va di den ky ket nhung van ban moi la viec lam can thiet doi voi hai chinh phu •? r 3.3.2 Doi mdi hoat dong xuc tien thu'o'ng ™ai ™ mo ❖ Ho tro ve thong tin giup cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam day manh xuat khau sang thi trudng Ca-na-da Cac doanh nghiep cua Ca-na-da ngoai viec tiem luc to lon ve von, kinh nghiem kinh doanh quoc te, duoc chinh phu cua ho tro giup rat tich cuc ve thong tin thi trirdng va duoc bao ve quyen loi boi cac hiep dinh song phuong va da phuong Trong do, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam yeu kem ve kha nang canh 77 r r r r tranh, quy md von han hep lai thieu kinh nghiem tren thuong truong qudc te nen su day manh cac hoat dong xuc tien thuong mai, ho tro doanh nghiep ve thong tin thi trudng va tim kiem ban hang bang each: - Phat huy hon nua vai tro cua cac co quan, to chuc, hiep hoi, cac trung tam r y yr r _ y xuc tien thuong mai nham cung cap nhung thong tin can thiet ve thi trudng cua Ca■> r •> r na-da de cac doanh nghiep co du lieu va xay dung chien luoc phat trien dung dan - Thanh lap chi nhanh Phong thuong mai va cdng nghiep Viet Nam tai Cana-da de cung vdi Thuong vu lam dau mdi cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam vao Ca- na-da, kip thdi trao doi nhung thong tin can thiet, hd tro cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam hoat dong thuong mai tai khu vuc - Viet Nam cung can tien hanh lap mot co quan nghien cuu chien luoc phat trien thuong mai cho rieng thi trudng Ca-na-da Nhiem vu chinh cua to chuc se la cung vdi Thuong vu Viet Nam tai Ca-na-da, phoi hop vdi cac co quan chuyen mon thuoc cac Bo, cac nganh khac de nhanh chong hoach dinh cac chien luoc xuat nhap khau cu the doi vdi thi trudng Ca-na-da, xac dinh rd nhung mat hang xuat khau chu luc va nhom hang uu tien nhap khau cung phuong thuc tiep can thi trudng de cd ke hoach hudng dan cac doanh nghiep xuat nhap khau nudc nang cao hieu qua kinh doanh doi vdi cac doi tac ldn cua thi trudng Trong thdi gian tdi, Bo Cdng thuong Viet Nam can xuc tien nhanh viec lap trung tam gidi thieu san pham, cd chinh sach hd tro doanh nghiep lap van phong dai dien Ca-na-da nhat la nhung doanh nghiep kim ngach xuat nhap khau nhd nhung cd tiem nang phat trien Bo cung can nghien cuu lap mot bo phan chuyen trach viec phat trien, dang ky va bao ve thuong hieu hang hoa tren thi trudng the gidi ndi chung va thi trudng Ca-na-da ndi rieng ❖ Hd tro xay dung phuong thuc thich hop de tham nhap vao kenh phan phoi tren thi trudng Ca-na-da 78 Ca-na-da la mot nhung quoc gia co nen kinh te phat trien hang dau tren the gidi De phu hop vdi dieu kien kinh doanh mdi cung nhu de kinh doanh cd hieu qua vdi thi trudng Ca-na-da, cac doanh nghiep xuat khAu cua Viet Nam phai thich ung linh hoat tham gia vao thi trudng Ca-na-da thong qua ddi mdi phuong thuc kinh doanh Theo khao sat cua Cu quan thong ke Ca-na-da, phan ldn doanh thu ban le tai Ca-na-da la thuoc ve cac nha ban le, sieu thi, cua hang kinh doanh tong hop; tap trung ldn nhat la cac nganh thuc pham, thdi trang va phu kien danh cho phai nu, dien gia dung, may tinh va camera Mang ludi phan phoi cua Ca-na-da cd xu hudng chuyen mon hoa, mat dan so thap, khoang each giua cac vung kha xa va dieu kien thdi tiet thay ddi bat thudng Hai kenh phan phoi ldn nhat tai Ca-nada chinh la nha nhap khau va dai ly nudc Do vay, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can linh hoat ap dung cac phuong thuc ban hang ky gui, md cac chuoi cua hang ban le hang hoa tai cac vung, ldn cua Ca-na-da Trong thdi gian tdi, nha nudc can xac dinh phuong thuc xuat khau true tiep la dudng chinh de cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam tham nhap thi trudng Ca-na-da Day la dudng lau dai va cd hieu qua, giup doanh nghiep chu dong viec r x r r •> hoach dinh chien luoc san xuat, kinh doanh Bude dau, cd the day manh xuat khau chua cd thuong hieu tren thi trudng Ca-na-da, nang luc canh tranh yeu, cac doanh nghiep han che ve tiem luc kinh te nen lien doanh dudi hinh thuc su dung giay phep, nhan hieu hang hoa va ten thuong pham la mot bien phap tot de cac nha xuat khau Viet Nam tham nhap de dang hon vao thi trudng Con dudng thu ba la tuong lai, nang luc cua cac doanh nghiep Viet nam du manh, cd the gan x r r r r hoat dong thuong mai vao dau tu true tiep tren cac linh vuc san xuat, che bien, ddng goi tai thi trudng Ca-na-da Du chon phuong thuc tham nhap thi trudng nao thi cac X z r r doanh nghiep Viet Nam cung can nam vung mot so nguyen tac tham nhap thi trudng Ca-na-da nhu thi hieu nguoi tieu dung, quy mo giao dich, chat luong san pham, dam bao thdi gian giao hang, 79 ❖ Nang cao vai trd cua cac hiep hoi nganh hang Cac hiep hoi nganh hang la cac to chuc dai dien cho cac doanh nghiep san xuat, che bien, kinh doanh tung nganh hang Hiep hoi nganh hang duoc lap tren co so tu nguyen nham phoi hop cac hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh, bao ve quyen lgi cua cac doanh nhiep tren thi truong va ngoai nuoc Thuc te cho thay, xu the hoi nhap, nha nuoc it can thiep vao hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh thi vai trd cua hiep hoi nganh hang cang trd nen quan trong, dac biet la viec dinh hudng cho cac doanh nghiep Trong thdi gian tdi, cac hiep hoi r > r nganh hang can phat huy vai trd viec true tiep tham gia xuc tien thuong mai, quang ba va gidi thieu san pham cua cac doanh nghiep hoi vien tren thi trudng, X A •> cung cap thong tin cho cac doanh nghiep ve tinh hinh thi trudng, dac diem tieu dung nhu thi hieu, sd thich ngudi tieu dung Bac My noi chung va Ca-na-da noi rieng Cung vdi do, hiep hoi nen thay mat cac doanh nghiep viec dam phan, ky ket cac hiep dinh thuong mai, bao ve lgi ich cho doanh nghiep can thiet Trong thdi gian tdi, can tiep tuc nang cao hon nua vai trd cua cac hiep hoi nganh hang linh vuc hgp tac qudc te, thong nhat hanh dong cua cac doanh hiep hoi nham to chuc san xuat, che bien, xuat khau va tieu thu san pham mot each chuyen nghiep va cd he thong, tao hieu qua hoat dong cao nhat, dam bao lgi ich cho cac doanh nghiep De lam dugc dieu do, ngoai viec cac hiep hoi phai tu nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua minh, nha nudc cung can ban hanh he r x x thong van ban phap ly dieu chinh hoat dong va quy dinh rd chuc nang, quyen han cua cac hiep hoi, khuyen khich cac hiep hoi tu lap cac quy phong ngua rui ro cho nganh minh, nhat la nhung nganh cd khoi lugng xuat khau tuong doi ldn Ben canh viec phan dinh rd trach nhiem cua nha nudc, hiep hoi nganh hang va doanh nghiep, can chu trgng xay dung co che phoi hgp giua cac chu the tren de dam bao cho cong tac tiep can va md rong thi trudng Vai trd chu yeu cua nha nudc la tao hanh lang phap ly va mdi trudng kinh doanh thuan lgi de cac doanh nghiep chu dong tiep can va tham nhap thi trudng Ca-na-da Chuc nang cua hiep hoi la lam 80 vai tro cau noi giua nha nudc va cac doanh nghiep Thong qua cac hiep hoi, nhung kien nghi, dong gop, kho khan cua doanh nghiep se duoc phan anh mot each nhanh chong va chinh xac nhat, dong thdi hiep hoi cung cd the de xuat, tham muu cho nha nudc viec ban hanh cac quy dinh, chinh sach phu hop vdi thuc te phat trien cua nganh Hien nay, loi the canh tranh hang hoa cua Viet Nam xuat khau sang Ca-na-da dang giam dan Hang hoa xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang Ca-na-da luon bi nhung hang hoa noi dia hay hang hoa cua cac nudc khac nhu My, Trung Quoc, cac nudc Nam My hay cac nudc Dong Nam A canh tranh khoc liet Do vay, phai cd giai phap de nang cao loi the canh tranh cac mat hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam Cu the: - Thu nhat, chuyen doi md hinh xuat khau Nhung nam qua, tang trudng xuat khau cua Viet Nam chu yeu dua vao khai thac loi the so sanh san cd ve tai nguyen va lao dong re Loi the ndi tren hien tai va mot vai nam tdi van dang cdn phat huy tac dung Nhung de dang nhan thay rang, nguon tai nguyen cang can kiet Nhung han che mang tinh co cau ve loi the tu r \ r nhien, nhu: kha nang khai thac, danh bat, nudi se lam giam toc tang trudng xuat khau dai han Do la chua ke den nhung tac dong tieu cue den mdi trudng duoc xem nhu mot han che can trd tang trudng xuat khau Cung vdi do, loi the lao dong re cung cang giam dan chenh lech tien luong lao dong d Viet Nam vdi cac nudc cd xu hudng giam va nhu cau tren thi trudng the gidi ve nhung hang hoa cd ham luong cdng nghe, khoa hoc cang cao Do do, dua vao md hinh tang trudng theo chieu rong tren co sd phat huy loi the so sanh san cd, xuat khau Viet Nam kho cd the tri dupe toc tang trudng d muc cao thdi gian tdi Viec xay dung md hinh tang trudng mdi can phai hudng theo chieu sau, dua vao viec khai thac loi the canh tranh dong de nang cao nang suat, chat luong va hieu 81 qua xuat khau tren ca sd day manh cai each the che, su dung cong nghe tien tien, r \ r r x \ nang cao chat luong nguon nhan luc, xay dung ket cau tang hien dai va ddng bo Chuyen tir phat trien xuat khau theo chieu rong sang phat trien theo chieu sau, tir viec dua chu yeu vao lqi the so sanh san co (tinh) sang lai the canh tranh “dong” khong nhung la nhan to quyet dinh chat luong tang trudng xuat khau, ma edn tri duoc toc tang trudng cao, nang cao hieu qua kinh te, cung nhu kha nang canh tranh cua hang hoa xuat khau, phu hop vdi xu hudng bien ddi cua thi trudng Nhd do, han che dugc rui ro thi trudng the gidi co nhung bien dong bat x r lgi Chuyen nen kinh te tir khai thac va sir dung tai nguyen dudi dang tho sang che bien tinh xao han, nang cao gia tri gia tang tir mdi mot dan vi tai nguyen dugc khai thac r r - Thu hai, chuyen dich ca cau hang xuat khau Ddi vdi nhom hang nguyen lieu va khoang san: Giam khdi lugng xuat khau khoang san tho, chuyen dan sang xuat khau san pham che bien, tan dung co hoi thuan lgi ve thi trudng va gia ca de tang gia tri nhom hang nhien lieu va khai khoang Nhom hang nong lam, thuy san: Khai thac lgi the cua nen nong nghiep nhiet ddi de gia tang san lugng va kim ngach xuat khau nong, lam, thuy san; hudng manh vao phat trien san pham sach, gia tri gia tang cao, cd sue canh tranh va vugt dugc rao can thuong mai mdi cang tinh vi cua cac nudc nhap khau noi chung va Car r x x na-da noi rieng Muon vay, cac doanh nghiep san xuat can chu trgng dau tu phat trien tham canh, quy hoach viec nudi va che bien, dau tu cong nghe vao hoat dong thu hoach, bao quan, che bien, nang cao chat lugng san pham Ben canh do, mot viec lam het sue quan trgng khac la phat trien thuong hieu cho san pham, tang cudng hoat dong quang cao va tiep thi tren thi trudng Ca-na-da Nhom hang cong nghiep che bien, che tao va thu cong my nghe: Day la nhom hang cd kha nang tao gia tri gia tang ldn, ben canh viec tao nhieu hieu qua kinh te xa hoi khac nhu tang nguon thu ngoai te cho qudc gia, tao nhieu viec lam va thu nhap dn dinh cho ngudi lao dong Trong thdi gian tdi, vdi nhom hang 82 nay, can khai thac, su dung hieu qua nguon nguyen lieu da dang, nguon lao dong ty le gia tri nudc va gia tri gia tang cao de phuc vu xuat khau, tang nhanh kim ngach va hieu qua xuat khau, tao viec lam va tang thu nhap cho ngudi lao dong Dac biet, xuat khau sang thi trudng Ca-na-da can quan tam den nhu cau va thi hieu cua thi trudng de dap ung kip thdi, dong thdi phai dam bao cac quy dinh ve quy •> \ r •> each pham chat hang hoa, bao quan va cac quy dinh ve tieu chuan mdi trudng, Nhom hang det may,da giay: Xay dung mot chien luge phat trien dong bo de tang sue canh tranh va tao dugc cho dung cho hang det may,da giay Viet Nam tren thi trudng Ca-na-da noi rieng va thi trudng the gidi noi chung Cu the la dau tu theo o x r chieu sau thong quan doi mdi cong nghe va thiet bi , phat trien nganh cong nghiep thiet ke thdi trang nham nghien cuu mau ma va thi hieu ngudi tieu dung, tao X /w X nhung san pham da dang ve mau ma, chung loai, phu hgp nhu cau va sd thich cua thi trydng Vdi cac mat hang khac dang dugc ua chuong tren thi trudng Ca-na-da, nha nudc can cd chinh sach cu the khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep dau tu vdn va cong nghe hien dai de md rong quy mo san xuat, nang cao nang suat va chat lugng san pham, da dang hoa va nang cao trinh tiep thi nham tang khoi lugng va nang cao hieu qua xuat khau nhung mat hang sang thi trudng Ca-na-da - Thu ba, tham gia chudi gid tri toan cau Hang hoa Viet Nam, dac biet la hang nong san, det may tham gia xuat khau van bi xep vao nhom hang gia cong, so che hoac nguyen lieu tho, tuc la gia tri thap, nen mac du khoi lugng xuat khau ldn, nhung gia tri gia tang khong nhieu, dan den gia tri xuat khau khong cao Trong do, khong it mat hang xuat khau tho tir Viet Nam dua cac hang phan phoi ldn tiep tuc dong goi, nhap khau lai thi trudng Viet Nam vdi thuong hieu ngoai Bdi vay, de nang cao gia tri gia tang cho hang xuat khau Viet Nam, nha nudc nen tap trung cho viec cung cap thong tin va thuc hien chien luge xay dung thuong hieu doi vdi nhung mat hang Viet Nam da xuat 83 khau va duoc thi truong the gioi chap nhan nhu: gao, ca phe, hang thu cong my nghe, , tung buoc thiet lap he thong phan phoi tai cac nuoc va khu vuc tren the gioi de mang lai gia tri xuat khau cao A 3.3.4 Dieu chinh chinh sach nhap khau cac mat hang tw Ca-na-da Dac diem noi bat quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam va Ca-na-da thoi gian qua la co cau hang hoa xuat nhap khau co tinh bd sung ro ret, khong canh tranh truc tiep Trong co cau hang hoa nhap khau tu Ca-na-da, Viet Nam nhap r •> r r khau chu yeu la phan bon, may moc thiet bi, duoc pham, sat thep, Theo quan diem dinh huong nhap khau Viet Nam - Ca-na-da giai doan 2011 - 2020, chinh sach nhap khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam se dieu chinh theo huong tang cuong nhap 1 A A A A r 1A,«A.»A A \ A A rf-l A -1 khau cong nghe cao, cong nghe tien tien, cong nghe nguon Trong quan he thuong mai voi Ca-na-da, Viet Nam luon tinh trang xuat sieu, neu tang cuong nhap khau cong nghe nguOn tu Ca-na-da se lam can can toan can bang, dap ung duoc cac yeu cau ve tieu chuan chat luong hang hoa de vuot qua cac rao can, dOng r r 9 thoi nhap khau cong nghe hien dai phuc vu cho san xuat hang xuat khau, thay doi co cau hang xuat khau, nang cao kha nang canh tranh va hieu qua xuat khau noi chung sang thi truong Ca-na-da Viec day manh nhap khau cong nghe nguOn tu Ca-na-da, mot nhung quoc gia co nen khoa hoc cong nghe hang dau the gioi, la mot giai phap huu hieu de trang bi cho hang hoa Viet Nam suc canh tranh quoc te, nang cao nang luc va trinh quan ly san xuat nuoc thap va han che r 3.3.5 Phat trien cac kenh toan va lien ket ngan Trong hoat dong xuat nhap khau, ngan hang dong mot vai trO vo cung quan Viec chuyen va nhan tien mua ban hang hoa giua cac ben thuong phai qua ngan hang lam trung gian, ben xuat khau nho co ngan hang bao lanh moi tien hanh chuyen hang cho ben nhap khau, nhat la nhung thi truong thieu nhieu thong tin Them vao do, voi trinh phat trien cOn han che, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam thuong chon phuong phap toan bang tin dung chung tu Do do, de hoat dong 84 xuat nhap khau phat trien thi ngan hang can phai “di trudc mot budc” Viec tang cudng lien ket, dau tu giua he thong ngan hang cua Viet Nam va he thong ngan r r \ ' r hang cua Ca-na-da chac chan se tao dieu kien thuan loi cho hoat dong xuat nhap khau phat trien Ngan hang Nha nudc nen co chinh sach khuyen khich cac ngan hang Viet Nam lap chi nhanh tai Ca-na-da, viec se se thu hut them duoc mot cong ddng ldn ngudi Viet Nam lam an va sinh song tai Ca-na-da Do hoat dong xuat nhap khau giua Viet Nam va Ca-na-da cang phat trien nen cac ngan hang nhu: Ngan hang Ngoai thuong, Ngan hang Cong thuong, Ngan hang Dau tu va phat trien Viet Nam dang nghien cuu viec dang ky thuong hieu, md van phdng dai dien, X A lap cong ty kieu hoi tai nudc Cac ngan hang cua Viet Nam cung dang day manh hop tac vdi cac ngan hang cua Ca-na-da md chi nhanh d Viet Nam va Cana-da de ho tro khau toan xuat nhap khau cho cac doanh nghiep giua hai nudc Ngan hang Nha nudc nhanh chong ho tro cac Ngan hang thuong mai thuc x hien cac hop tac can thiet de lien ket ngan hang sdm di vao hoat dong va hoat r •> r dong co hieu qua r r 3.3.6 Mot so kien nghi vtn cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam Cac doanh nghiep co vai tro then chot quan he thuong mai giua Viet X A Nam va Ca-na-da Moi bai buon ban vdi Ca-na-da deu lien quan den kha nang canh tranh cua hang hoa Viet Nam tren thi trudng Ca-na-da, dac biet la ve chat X A A luong, gia ca va cac dieu kien buon ban Ngoai ra, phai ke den kien thuc, su sang tao, tao bao' cung nhu chu tin kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep Cac doanh nghiep Ca-na-da quen lam an ldn va rdt thuc te nen viec coi uy tin va chat luong san pham dich vu la het suc quan Muon vay cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can co nhieu no luc cai tien va hoan thien minh hon de dap ung nhu cau thuc tien kinh doanh, cu the nhu: ❖ Day manh marketing va phat trien kenh phan phoi tren thi trudng Ca-na-da - Thi trudng Ca-na-da mang dac trung cua mot thi trudng ldn da chung toc 85 nhu su da chung toc cua xu so, nhu cau thi trudng hang hoa Ca-na-da het sue da dang, thi hieu phong phu, ton tai ca loai hang gia binh dan cho den cao cap - Cac doanh nghiep xuat khau cua Viet Nam can het sue chu y khai thac thi truong bdi muc kho tinh cua thi truong Ca-na-da khong qua "cang thang" nhu d thi trudng EU viec tham nhap vao thi trudng EU chung ta da co nhung cong nhat dinh - Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can phai lam nhung cong viec chu yeu sau de co the marketing cong tren thi trudng Ca-na-da: Mot la, tim hieu thi hieu ve mau ma, dac tinh, quy each, cua san pham tren thi trudng Ca-na-da thong qua cac tin hieu thi trudng, thu thap thong tin, tranh nhung nhan dinh chu quan Hai la, can phai tim hieu each thuc hoat dong kinh doanh cua cac doi thu canh tranh, dac biet la Trung Qudc va cac nudc ASEAN, la cac nudc cd dac diem san pham tuong dong de cd thd dua nhung san pham phu hop Dac trung cua ho la chao hang vdi nhung don hang cd so luqng ldn, gia re Ba la, day manh cong tac tiep thi, nghien cuu thi trudng, thi hieu, nam duqc tam ly tieu dung va nhu cau cua ngudi Ca-na-da, tir xac dinh chung loai hang xuat khau ma ta cd the manh va cd the canh tranh duqc Bon la, cung vdi hiep hoi nganh hang va cac co quan chuc nang xay dung kenh phan phoi hop ly de xam nhap thi trudng, lua chon hinh thuc xuat khau phu hop de giup cho cac doanh nghiep nhanh chong khang dinh duqc cho dung cua minh tren thi trudng Khi xuat khau sang thi trudng Ca-na-da, phuong an tdi uu la vach duqc chien luqc xuat khau true tiep Xuat khau true tiep se giup cho doanh nghiep kiem soat duqc toan bd qua trinh xuat khau, thiet lap quan he true tiep vdi mang ludi phan phoi va ngudi tieu thu Ngoai ra, da cd quan he ban hang tot thi de thuc hien chien luqc kinh doanh lau dai, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam nen lap van phong dai dien hay chi nhanh tai cac nudc Ca-na-da de thuong xuyen nam 86 bat va theo kip voi nhung thay doi tren thi truong, qua nhanh chong tim cho minh phan doan thi truong thi'ch hop nhat ❖ Van de nang cao chat luong san pham Viet Nam co nhung thuan loi dang ke so voi cac nuoc khac ve nhieu san pham tiem nang doi voi nhu cau cua nguoi tieu dung Ca-na-da Cac nha san xuat Viet Nam (ke ca cac doanh nghiep co von dau tu nuoc ngoai) da va dang san xuat hang det, giay dep, choi, vao Ca-na-da va viec xuat khiu hang dang tang len nhanh chong Tuy nhien, thi truong Ca-na-da cung la mot thi truong kho tinh ve chat luong san pham Chat luong san pham la van de hang dau ma cac doanh nghiep xuat khau sang thi truong Ca-na-da phai quan tam dac biet Trudc mat, day manh cac hinh thuc dau tu va lien doanh voi cac cong ty Ca-na-da de san xuat cac san pham chuyen xuat khau sang Ca-na-da Ben canh do, cac cong ty cua Viet Nam cung phan dau de co the tu san xuat va xuat khau sang Ca-na-da mot cach truc tiep Chat luong luon luon la tieu chuan hang dau vao thi truong Ca-na-da Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can phai chu nang cao chat luong hang hoa, dOng thoi thuong xuyen cai tien mau ma de phu hop voi thi hieu, giao hang dung han, Vi vay, doi voi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam, cac bien phap nang cao chat luong co the ke toi la: Thu nhat, tung buoc dau tu cong nghe hien dai, nang cao nang suat lao dong, chat luong san pham Thu hai, da dang hoa san pham, han che viec xuat khau san pham tho, so che; nang dan ty hang che bien Thu ba, tuan thu nghiem ngat cac quy dinh ve he thong kiem tra chat luong, ap dung cac tieu chuan luong chat luong quoc te nhu ISO, HACCP, tu khau san xuat va che bien hang xuat khau Thu tu, dau tu nguon cung cap lon, on dinh de thuc hien hop dong co gia tri cao, dam bao cho hoat dong san xuat va xuat khau on dinh Doi voi hang nong lam 87 r x x thuy san, can xay dung ke hoach nudi va khai thac hop ly Thu nam, thu hut nguyen lieu tu Ca-na-da de san xuat hang xuat khau sang Ca-na-da nham dap ung yeu cau ve xuat xu san pham va tan dung uu dai ve thue suat Thu sau, tang cudng cong tac dang ky nhan hieu hang hoa, chong hang gia, hang nhai mac, hang kem chat luong Tom lai, viec nang cao chat luong san pham khong chi co tac dung lam tang kha nang canh tranh cua san pham Viet Nam tren thi truong Ca-na-da ma dieu quan hon la tao cac san pham co chat luong cao va on dinh, de tir tiep tuc xay dung va khang dinh uy tin hang Viet Nam tren trudng qudc te ❖ Chuan bi tot ve chien luoc mat hang tham gia vao thi trudng Ca-na-da Thi trudng Ca-na-da co nhung net khac biet ma cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can chu y tiep can, la quy md don dat hang thuong ldn Thuc te kinh doanh tren thi trudng Ca-na-da nhung nam qua cho thay nhieu doanh nghiep Viet Nam khong ky duoc hop ddng khong dap ung duoc yeu cau Ben canh do, thi trudng Ca- na-da cd nhu cau rat da dang ve kieu dang cung nhu pham chat Do do, cac doanh x r x r nghiep cua chung ta can cd su chuan bi tot ve chien luoc mat hang tham gia vao thi trudng Ca-na-da 88 KET LUAN Trong 40 nam qua, trai qua khong it kho khan thu thach, quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Ca-na-da cang phat trien, khang dinh vi tri va tam quan cua moi quan he qua trinh phat trien nen kinh te Viet Nam noi chung va thuong mai Viet Nam noi rieng Ca-na-da la mot thi truong tiem nang, day hua hen voi kha nang tieu thu lon tren the gioi va nhu cau rat da dang va phong phu ve hang hoa nhung la thi truong rat kho tinh doi hdi yeu cau chat luong cao, dieu kien thuong mai nghiem ngat va duoc bao ve dac biet Do do, de tang cuong thuong mai voi Ca- na-da, Viet Nam can co nhung chinh sach thich hop ve nguoi, chat luong san pham, he thdng phap luat, de nhung dinh huong ngan han va lau dai tu xay dung nhung buoc di dung dan Luan van da dua cac nhan to anh hudng toi su phat trien thuong mai cua Ca-na-da va cho thay thuc trang quan he thuong mai cua Ca-na-da va Viet Nam, dac biet da de cap den mot so ton tai can trd su phat trien quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Ca-na-da; tu de nhung kien nghi nham day manh moi quan he thuong mai giua hai nuoc Quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Ca-na-da dang chuyen sang mot thoi ki moi gan lien voi nhung chuyen bien kinh te cua Viet Nam, Ca-na-da va su bien dong ve kinh te chinh tri, xa hoi kho luong tren the gioi Trien vong cua moi quan he phu thuoc rat lon vao su tich cuc chu dong va linh hoat tu phia Nha nuoc va doanh nghiep Viet Nam va su khong ngung doi moi, hoan thien cac chinh sach, cong cu thuong mai 'nham phat huy suc manh noi luc, tan dung toi da cac thuan loi va giam thieu cac kho khan qua trinh tham nhap vao thi truong Ca-na-da DANH MUC • TAI LIEU • THAM KHAO Ta Ngoc Ai (2009), Chien luoc canh tranh thdi dai mdi, NXB Thanh Nien, Ha Noi Do Due Binh, Nguyen Thuong Lang (2010), Giao trinh Kinh te qudc te, NXB Dai hoc Kinh te qudc dan, Ha Noi Tran Van Chu (2006), Doanh nghiep Viet Nam vdi thi trudng Hoa Ky, NXB The Gioi, Ha Noi DN (tong hop) 2009 Nhung dau hieu ran nut quan he thuong mai Bac My [True tuyen] Co quan trung uong Dang Cong san Viet Nam Dia chi: http://www.baomoi.com/Home/KinhTe/www.cpv.org.vn/Nhung-dau-hien-ran-nut- trong-quan-he-thuong-mai-Bac-My/3176034.epi [Truy cap: 6/3/2013] Duong Htru Hanh (2010), Kinh doanh qudc te - thach thuc cua canh tranh toan cau, NXB Thanh Nien, Ha Noi Thai Hung 2012 Quan he kinh te My - Viet Nam 2012 tiep tuc la diem sang [True tuyen] Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu Dia chi: http://www.mpi.gov.vn/portal /page/portal/bkhdt/16424/1363232?p_page_id=1363232&pers_id=353637&folder_ id=&item_id=31258520&p_details=l[Truy cap: 6/3/2013] Ho ST Hung (2003), Cam nang ve xam nhap thi trudng My, NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi Nguyen Thi Huong (2003), Giao trinh kinh doanh qudc te, NXB Lao dong Xa hoi, Ha Noi Ngoc Khuong (tong hop) 2013 Lai the kinh doanh tai Ca-na-da [True tuyen] YVAR INTERNATIONAL INC Dia chi:http://www.yvarCa-na-da.com/vi/Cana-da/loi-the-kinh-t/ [Truy cap: 24/5/2013] 10 Vu Hong Loan 2013 TPP - Hiep dinh thuong mai tu cua thd ky XXI [True tuyen] Tap chi Tai chinh Dia chi:http://www.tapchitaichinh.vn/Trao-doi-Binh-luanTPP-Hiep- dinh-thuong-mai-tu-do-cua-the-kyXXI/26834.tctc [Truycap:06/8 /2013], 11 Tran Van Long (2011), Phat trien quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam va Vuong r r r r * quoc Bi den nam 2020, Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan, Ha Noi r r r 12 Pham Binh Minh (2011), Dinh hudng chien luoc doi ngoai Viet Nam den 2020, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi 13 Tran Bich Ngoc 2013 Lai ich tu TPP cho mot sd nudc tren the giai [True tuyen] Tap chi Tai chinh Dia chi: http://www.tapchitaichinh.vn/Trao-doi-Binh-luan/Loi-ichtu-TPP-cho-mot-so-nuoc-tren-thegioi/26876.tctc[Truycap:06/8/2013] 14 Ngo Hong Quang 2011 Hiep dinh Doi tac xuyen Thai Binh Duong [Truc tuyen] Thu vien phap luat Dia chi: http://thuvienphapluat.vn/archive/Hiepdinh-doi-tac-xuyen-Thai-Binh-Duong-vb 144433 ,aspx[Truy cap:02/8/2013] 15 Le Van Sang (1998), Kinh te chau A - Thai Binh Duong, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi 16 Hoang Thai Son, Nguyen Cong Nghiep (2000), Kinh te tai chinh the giai 1970 - 2000, NXB Tai chinh, Ha Noi vai tien trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa a Viet Nam, NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi r x 18 Thuong vu Viet Nam tai Ca-na-da 2013 Mot so net ve thi trudng Ca-na-da va quan he thuong mai vai Viet Nam [Truc tuyen] Thi trudng nudc ngoai Dia chi: http://www.ttnn.com.vn/nuoc-lanh-tho/46/tin-tuc/37513/mot-so-net-ve-thitruong-Ca-na-da-va-quan-he-thuong-mai-voi-viet- nam.aspx[Truycap:24/5/2013] 19 Pham Duy Tu, Dan Phu Thinh (2007), Giai quyet nhung thach thuc gia nhap WTO, NXB Tre, Ha Noi 20 Trinh Huyen Trang (2003), Khu vuc mau dich tu Bac My (NAFTA) va moi quan he kinh te thuong mai Viet Nam - NAFTA nhung nam gan day, Dai hoc Ngoai thuong, Ha Noi 21 Uy ban tu van ve Chinh sach thuong mai qudc te 2012 Ca-na-da, Nhat Ban va r r nhung quan ngai noi dia - Luu y doi vai Viet Nam [Truc tuyen] Trung tam WTO Dia chi: http://trungtamwto.vn/tpp/Ca-na-da-nhat-ban-va-nhung-quan- ngai-noi-dia-luu-y-doi-voi-viet-nam [Truycap :06/8/2013] 22 Duong Van (tong hop) 2012 Cac nuac Hiep dinh Ddi tac kinh te xuyen Thai Binh Duong: Phan tich so sanh ve kinh te va thuong mai [Truc tuyen] Dai su quan Hoa Ky Dia chi: http://vietnamese.vietnam.usembassy.gov/tpp.html [Truy cap:02/8/2013] 23 Le Danh Vinh (2012), Chinh sach thuong mai nham phat trien ben vung a Viet Nam thdi ky 2011 - 2020, NXB Cong thuong, Ha Noi