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L()I CAM ON t-v r r De hoan luan van nay, ngoai sir no luc co gang cua ban than, toi da nhan dune rat nhieu sir giup do, dong vien, hudng dan va dong gop y kien a r a cua cac thay co giao, ban be dong nghiep va gia dinh sudt khoa cao hoc va thdi gian nghien cun de tai Toi xin bay to long biet on chan toi PGS.TS Pham Van Khoi, ngudi da tan tinh hudng dan, giup em suot qua trinh nghien cuu va hoan de tai Toi xin chan cam on cac thay co giao khoa Kinh te Nong nghiep va Phat trien Nong thon ve nhung ldi nhan xet quy bau, dong gop doi vdi ban luan van A Cam on cac ban be dong nghiep d da giup dd, dong vien toi qua trinh viet luan van Cudi cung, toi xin cam on su khuyen khich, quan tarn tao dieu kien cua nhung ngudi than gia dinh da giup toi hoan ban luan van \ r r Day la de tai lien quan den cac hoat dong khoi phuc sinh ke cho ngudi dan tai dinh cu, cd nhieu y nghia thuc tien, chinh vi vay ban luan van khong tranh khoi nhung thieu sot va han che nhat dinh Rat mong nhan duoc su gop y chan tinh cua cac thay cd giao, ban be va cac ca nhan, to chuc quan I /A r J./A > 4- A , A • A tarn den de tai Toi xin chan cam on! MUC LUC Trang TOM TAT LUAN VAN i MODAL CH VONG CO SO LY LUAN VA THLC TIEN VE SINH KE VA KHOI PHUC ClT CUA CAC • SINH KE BEN VUNG CHO NGlTCH DAN TAI DINH • CONG TRINH THUY DIEN 1.1 CO SO LY LUAN VE SINH KE VA KHOI PHUC SINH KE BEN VUNG CHO NGU'Ol DAN TAI DINH CU* CUA CAC CONG TRINH THUY DIEN 1.1.1 Khai niem sinh ke va khoi phuc sinh ki bin vung x r r a 1.1.2 Cac dieu kien sinh ke ben vung va trudng hop phai khoi phuc sinh ke ben vung .12 1.1.3 Di dan tai dinh cu cac cong trinh thuy dien 13 AZ r A 1.1.4 Su can thiet khoi phuc sinh ke ben vung cua cac ho di dan tai dinh cu cac cong trinh thuy dien 19 1.1.5 Nhung noi dung chu yeu cua khoi phuc sinh ke ben vung cac cong trinh thuy dien 20 1.1.6 Cac dieu kien can thiet cua khoi phuc sinh ke ben vung cho nguai tai dinh cu cua cac cong trinh thuy dien 23 1.2 CO SO THU’C TIEN VE SINH KE VA KHOI PHUC SINH KE BEN VUNG CHO NGUOl DAN TDC CUA CAC CONG TRINH THUY DIEN 23 1.2.1 Nhung chinh sach quoc te ve tai dinh cu bit buoc 23 1.2.2 Nhung kinh nghiem ve tai dinh cu va khoi phuc sinh ke bin vung tai dinh cu cua mot so nude khu vuc 26 1.2.3 Nhung chinh sach ve tai dinh cu va khoi phuc sinh ke cho nguai dan tai dinh cu cua Viet Nam 29 1.2.4 Kinh nghiem tai dinh cu, khoi phuc sinh ke cua cong trinh thuy dien Hoa Binh CHUONG THU*C TRANG KHOI PHUC SINH KE BEN VUNG CHO NGU'OI DAN TAI DINH CU* CUA CONG TRINH THUY DEEN • • SON LA 35 2.1 DAC DIEM CHUNG CUA DU* AN THUY DIEN SON LA VA DU* AN TAI DINH CU* CUA CONG TRINH THUY DIEN SON LA 35 2.1.1 Dac diem chung cua du an thuy dien Son La 35 2.1.2 Dac diem chung cua cac vung chiu anh hudng cua cong trinh thuy dien Son La A 2.1.3 Dac diem cua dia ban dieu tra, khao sat 42 2.2 THU*C TRANG KHOI PHUC SINH KE BEN VUNG CHO NGU'01 DAN TAI DINH CU* CUA CONG TRINH THUY DIEN SON LA 45 cong trinh thuy dien Son La 46 2.3 NHUNG KET QUA VA NHUNG VAN DE DAT RA DOI V0I KHOI PHUC SINH KE BEN VUNG CHO NGU0I DAN TAI DINH CU* CUA CONG TRINH THUY DIEN SON LA 65 2.3.1 Nhung ket qua dat duoc 65 2.3.2 Nhung han che va nhung van de dat can giai quyet de khoi phuc sinh r a ke ben vung cho ngudi tai dinh cu 66 2.3.3 Nhung nguyen nhan cor ban 71 CHUONG QUAN DIEM VA CAC GIAI PHAP CHU YEU KHOI PHUC SINH KE BEN VUNG CHO NGU*CH DAN TAI DINH CU* CUA CONG TRINH THUY DIEN SON LA 74 3.1.CAC QUAN DIEM KHOI PHUC SINH KE BEN VUNG CHO NGU’OI DAN TAI DINH CU* CUA THUY DIEN SON LA 74 3.1.1 Quan diem ve khoi phuc sinh ke cho ngudi dan tai dinh cu 74 3.1.2 Muc tieu cua cac du an khoi phuc sinh ke cho ngudi dan TDC cua cong trinh thuy dien Son La 76 3.2 CAC GIAI PHAP CHU YEU KHOI PHUC SINH KE BEN VUNG CHO NGUOl DAN TAI DINH CU* CONG TRINH THUY DIEN SON LA .79 3.2.1 Giai phap ve chi'nh sach 79 3.2.2 Giai phap ve quy hoach 83 3.2.3 Giai phap cho chtrong trinh tai dinh cir 86 3.2.4 Giai phap ho trg cac thiet hai 88 3.2.5 Giai phap ve dat dai 90 3.2.6 Giai phap ve viec lam 90 3.2.7 Giai phap ve thi tnrdng 91 3.2.8 Cac giai phap ve to churc thuc hien 91 KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI 93 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 94 PHU LUC 96 DANH MUC CAC CHI VIET TAT ADB: Ngan hang Phat trien chau A CTTB: Cong trinh thuy dien NBAH: Nguai bi anh huong ND: Nghi dinh PTNT: Phat trien Nong thon SKBV: Sinh ke ben vung TDC: Tai dinh cu TDSL: Thuy dien Son La UBND: Uy ban nhan dan WB: Ngan hang The gioi DANH MUC BANG VA HINH VE Trang Bang 1.1 Anh hudng cua cac cong trinh thuy dien tren song Da 18 Bang 2.1: So luong ngudi bi anh hudng true tiep cua nha may thuy dien Son La tinh theo dan toe nam 1998 37 Bang 2.2: Du kien tien di chuyen dan qua cac nam nhu sau 46 Bang 2.3: Tien di dan qua cac nam 47 Bang 2.4: Dien tich dat san xuat nong nghiep cua cac ho dieu tra 51 Bang 2.5: So sanh dien tich dat nong nghiep trade va sau tai dinh cu 52 Bang 2.6: So sanh chat luong dat trade va sau tai dinh cu 52 Bang 2.7: So sanh vudn cay an qua trade va sau tai dinh cu 53 Bang 2.8: Dien tich dat lam nghiep cua cac ho dieu tra 55 Bang 2.9: Dien tich dat nudi thuy san cua cac ho dieu tra 55 Bang 2.10: Tong dan, gia tri tong dan gia sue, gia cam cua cac ho dieu tra 56 Bang 2.11: Quy mo chan nudi gia sue cua cac ho dieu tra 57 Bang 2.12: Quy mo chan nudi gia cam cua cac ho dieu tra 57 Hinh 2.1 a Thap dan so cua cac ho dieu tra trade tai dinh cu 58 Hinh 2.1 b Thap dan so cua cac ho dieu tra sau tai dinh cu 58 Hinh 2.2.a Co cau thu nhap cua cac ho dan trade tai dinh cu 59 Hinh 2.2.b Co cau thu nhap cua cac ho dan sau tai dinh cu 59 Bang 2.13: Muc thu nhap cua cac ho dieu tra trade va sau TDC 60 Bang 2.14: Danh gia hien trang su dung cong trinh thuy loi tai noi d cu 61 Bang 2.15: Danh gia hien trang su dung cong trinh thuy loi tai noi TDC 61 Bang 2.16: Kha nang tiep can dich vu xa hoi trade va sau tai dinh cu 62 Bang 2.17: Co cau dan toe xa vung nghien cuu 64 Bang 2.18: Dieu kien nha d trade va sau tai dinh cu 65 TRVdW DAI HOC IilMI TE QUOC DAA m LAI NGOC THANH • • KHOIPHUC SINH KE BEN VONG CHO NGOOl DAN TAI DINH ClT CUA CONG TRINH THUY DIEN SON LA ■ Chuyen nganh: KINH TE NONG NGHIEP TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC Sf ■ Ha Moi - 2008 ■ i mOdau Sir can thiet cua de tai nghien cihi Cac cong trinh thuy dien co vai tro vo cung quan trong su nghiep phat trien kinh te cua dat nubc, gop phan dam bao nhu cau nang luqng dbi song •> r va san xuat cua nhan dan Be xay dung mot cong trinh thuy dien, cong tac giai phong mat bang va tai dinh cu phai duqc thuc hien b giai doan dau tien Viec di dbi se khien cho dbi song cua ngubi dan vung phai tai dinh cu gap phai nhieu bien dong Cong tac den bu va tai dinh cu cua cac cong trinh thuy dien vain ton tai nhieu van de can giai quyet, van de khoi phuc sinh kb cho nhung ngubi dan phai tai dinh cu den noi b moi that su chua duqc quan tarn dung muc va chua duqc thuc hien mot each hoan chinh va ben vung Tir nhung van de neu tren, toi chon: "Khoi phuc sinh ke ben vung cho ngirai dan tai dinh etc cua cong trinh thuy dien Son La" lam de tai luan van thac sy Muc dich nghien ciru cua de tai - He thong hoa cor sb ly luan va thuc tien ve di dan tai dinh cu va van de sinh ke ben vung cac du an tai dinh cu cua cac cong trinh thuy dien - Danh gia thuc trang khoi phuc sinh ke ben vung xay dung va trien khai cac du an tai dinh cu cua cong trinh thuy dien Son La x r r r x - De xuat cac bien phap tiep tuc khoi phuc sinh ke mot each ben vung cho ngubi dan tai dinh cu cua cong trinh thuy dien Sou La Doi tuqng nghien ciru va pham vi nghien ciru Be tai nghien cuu den cac van de lien quan den cac van de khoi phuc sinh ke cho nhung ngubi dan tai dinh cu cua cong trinh thuy dien Son La Phirong phap nghien ciru Ngoai phuong phap nghien cuu chung, luan van su dung cac phuong phap nghien cuu cu the de phan tich, danh gia va dua giai phap nhu: phuong phap thu thap thong tin, phuong phap chuyen gia, phuong phap tong hqp va dieu tra xa hoi hoc 85 du an - Xac dinh cac mat mat ddi vdi nhung ngudi phai di chuyen va nai tiep nhan ngudi tai dinh cu Cac mat mat can dugc lugng hoa bang cac so cu the - Chi tiet vd cac tai nguyen su dung chung nhu cac tuyen giao thong, cac nguon cung cap nude, cac bai chan tha sue vat cung cac thay ddi sau tai dinh cu - Moe thdi han de tinh cac quyen lgi ma ngudi di dan/tai dinh cu dugc hudng Can chu y la mot sd nha tai trg cd cac each tinh khac ve moc thdi gian - Chinh sach den bu: den bu bing dat/nha, den bu bang tien hay hd trg di dan, cac mat mat khong dugc den bu e) Xay dung diem tai dinh cu va tai lap thu nhap - Vi tri, dac didm va nhu ciu phat trien cua dia diem tai dinh cu Trong phan can mo ta tat ca cac dia diem tai dinh cu dugc chuan bi Cac dia diem r r tai dinh cu phai phu hgp vdi cac doi tugng tai dinh cu va co du kha nang tiep nhan - Bd tri, thiet ke va tang xa hoi cua cac diem tai dinh cu - Kd hoach di chuyen, mo ta ro moc thdi gian va sd lugng ngudi can di chuydn Cac phuong an dam bao di chuyen cung phai dugc the hien - Dam bao thu nhap va cuoc sdng cho nhung ngudi tai dinh cu Trong phan phai mo ta cac dinh huong lao dong san xuat cho nhung ngudi phai tai dinh i t r r t a cu Co phuong an chuydn ddi san xuat cho sd nay, kd ca dao tao nghe hay chuydn doi phuong an canh tac - Cac chuong trinh tao thu nhap cho sd dan tai dinh cu va dan cu cua cac cong dong tiep nhan Chu y toi viec hoa nhap voi cong dong tiep nhan g) Khung the che cua cong tac tai dinh cu - Quy che hoat dong cua co quan tai dinh cu 86 - To chuc bo may tai dinh cu, su tham gia cua chu dau tu cong tac tai dinh cu - Cac ho tro ky thuat de nang cao nang luc cua co quan tai dinh cu r a • h) Tham van va tham gia cua cong dong - Xac dinh cac ben lien doi - Co che tham gia cua cac ben lien doi - Quan ly cong tac di dan/tai dinh cu co su tham gia cua nguoi dan - Cac to chuc tham gia vao giam sat di dan/tai dinh cu i) Ngan sach va tai chinh - Chi phi den bu, ho tro cho nguoi bi anh huong va chi phi di dan - Phan bo ngan sach va thoi gian giai ngan - Nguon tai chinh va quy trinh xet duyet cac chi phi k) Giam sat va danh gia - Xay dung he thong giam sat va danh gia - Giam sat va bao cao - Danh gia anh huong cua tai dinh cu l) Trong xay dung ke hoach tai dinh cu/di dan can tham khao: - Chinh sach dat dai cua nha nuoc - Cac quy dinh/che ve den bu giai phong mat bang cua dia phuong - Cac quy dinh khac co lien quan - Danh gia tac dong moi truong va xa hoi cua cac hoat dong tai dinh cu/di dan khac da lam 3.2.3 Giai phap cho chuxmg trinli tai dinh cu* a) Ho tro nguoi dan tai dinh cu thiet ke, xay dung va phat trien chien luoc r y sinh ke ben vung: r y - Qua trinh tai dinh cu can duoc tien hanh mot cac hieu qua va ben vung yr r y hon Can phai giai quyet mot cach than nhung van de kho khan ma nguoi dan dang gap phai va xay dung ke hoach tong the de thao go kho khan cho tai 87 dinh cu Cac chuong trinh tai dinh cu phai tien hanh dong thoi voi chuong trinh giai quyet viec lam cho nguoi dan tai dinh cu Cu the la phai tap trung vao cac a a van de: + On dinh cho o cho nguoi dan tai dinh cu; + Tao co hoi viec lam, co thu nhap on dinh lau dai cho ho; + Xay dung cac chinh sach va co che ho tro hieu qua de chuyen doi sinh ke cong cho nguoi tai dinh cu, phu hop voi yeu cau va dieu kien moi - Da so nguoi tai dinh cu tuoi lao dong khong co hinh do, chuyen mon ky thuat, kinh nghiem thi truong rat nhieu han che, vi vay ho la nhung doi tuong rat de bi ton thuong neu khong co su ho tro hieu qua cua chinh quyen dia phuong va Ban quan ly di dan tai dinh cu Vi vay viec xay dung cac chuong trinh dao tao va dao tao lai cho nguoi dan tai dinh cu se giup ho chuyen nghe • A j *7 • r • r A Aj X x -4- A r A r A I r • A x A A T~^ A • A X nghiep tai noi o moi la mot van de rat cap thiet Do vay can tap trung vao viec x e r nang cao trinh cua nguoi dan tai dinh cu, tang cuong nguon von va tai san cho nguoi dan, cai tao dieu kien san xuat, lam an, sinh song cho nguoi dan tai XX dinh cu Dong thoi, can tang cuong su tham gia cua cac doanh nghiep, to chuc xa hoi viec tao viec lam moi cho nguoi dan tai dinh cu - Can phai tang cuong cong tac thong tin cho nguoi dan o cac vung chiu tac dong cua chuong hinh tai dinh cu thuy dien, cu the nhu cac thong tin lien quan den phap luat, chu truong chinh sach den bu, ke hoach quy hoach di dan tai dinh cu Ben canh do, cac cap chinh quyen phai thiet lap kenh thong tin hai chieu, dam bao rang moi tac dong cua qua trinh den duoc nhung nguoi phai di doi, cac dien bien va xu huong cua qua hinh di dan, tai dinh cu phai duoc phan anh kip thoi o cap cao hon de co nhung bien phap can thiep dung muc Cac cap chinh quyen cung nhu Ban Quan ly chuong trinh tai dinh cu cung can phai co A ,• A • A * 1 A r A A A» A J A X • A r • thong tin ve chien luoc sinh ke cua cac ho dan cung nhu cong dong nguoi dan tai dinh cu, tong ket cac ho gia dinh co chien luoc sinh ke tot de bien cho cac ho gia dinh khac, th rut kinh nghiem va dua nhung bai hoc ve khoi phuc 88 sinh ke cho nguoi dan vao vao cac chuong trinh hanh dong phat trien sinh ke cho nguoi dan tai dinh cu b) Tao them nhieu co hoi cho nguoi dan tai dinh cu duoc tham gia vao chuong trinh khoi phuc sinh ke: - Nguoi dan tai dinh cu can phai nhan thuc duoc rang ho can phai nang dong hon va co dong luc hon viec tim va huy dong cac giai phap nham phat trien sinh ke cho chinh ban than ho Ho khong the chi cho vao su ho tro truc tiep cua chinh phu va nhung nguon ho tro, giup tu ben ngoai - De phat huy va nam bat co hoi tu qua trinh phat trien, nguoi dan tai dinh cu can duoc ho tro ve giao duc, dao tao nghe nham dap ung nhung yeu cau moi truong moi, hon nua co kha nang kiem soat va quan ly nguon luc cua ho tot hon Ngoai ra, ho cung can phai co nhung ky nang va kinh nghiem can thiet de tu thiet ke lai sinh ke cua ho nham khac phuc nhung thay doi, nhung tac dong ma chuong uinh tai dinh cu da dem lai cho ho va cho cong dong ho 3.2.4 Giai phap ho tro cac thiet hai - Nguoi bi anh hudng phai duoc den bu ve nhung thiet hai tai san, cay coi, cay va cac tai san khac Cu the la, nguoi dan phai di chuyen khoi dia ban song cua minh truoc dat nong nghiep moi duoc phan phoi, thi nguoi bi anh hudng phai co duoc thoi gian qua day du de dieu chinh ■ moi truong moi cua ho voi su ho tro thoa dang cua chinh phu de dam bao cho sinh ke va an ninh luong thuc cua ho - Nguoi bi anh hudng se khong di doi ma chua co dat nong nghiep Di chuyen nguoi bi anh hudng ma khong cung cap sinh ke thich hop dang gay mot tinh trang nguy hiem ma tien den bu bi mau chong su dung va nguoi dan lai khong co lao dong nhieu thang Tinh khong chac chan dan den viec A f tieu dung lang phi, nghien ruou va su tri tre ve the luc - Nguoi bi anh hudng phai co chien luoc sinh ke hieu qua truoc ho tai dinh cu Mot phdn cua ke hoach phai bao gom viec thao luan voi nhung nguoi 89 tai dinh cu ve nhung gi ho co the lam tai diem tai dinh cu de co thu nhap, loai cay gi ho co the va dich vu khuyen nong can thiet nao ma ho co the can toi de giup ho tai moi truong moi - Viec den bu phai danh cho nhung nguoi ma sinh ke phu thuoc vao cac dong song hoac hai ben bo song ma gio day phai tai dinh cu o xa song 5 - Viec den bu phai gianh cho dau tu co so tang duoc lam theo cac cong dong theo noi o cu va nhung chi phi cho xay dung (thi du he thong kenh dan nuoc xay dung cho cac ho hoac mot nhom ho) Nhung dau tu co the khong duoc cac cong dong su dung va se phai duoc tai xay dung tai khu tai dinh cu moi Cac khoan den bu tai dinh cu chu yeu duoc toan truc tiep bang tien cho nguoi dan bi thiet hai Day la no luc cua chinh phu viec den bu thiet hai cho nguoi dan bi anh huong Tuy nhien mat trai cua viec den bu bang tien cho nguoi dan ma khong co bat ky ho tro nao ve quan ly tai chinh, huong dan chi tieu co the gay nhung tac dung khong mong muon cho nguoi dan Nhu - - x r r 5 ' da de cap den cac phan hen, cac ho bi thiet hai duoc den bu hau het la nguoi dan toc thieu so, co trinh dan tri khong cao va ky nang quan ly kinh te > r r ho hau nhu chi nen kinh te tu cung tu cap Khi nhan duoc nhung khoan >5 r r r tien den bu qua lon hong thoi gian ngan ma khong co ke hoach ■ su dung se chac chan se dan den viec su dung khong hieu qua va ben vung Tai hai diem tai dinh cu duoc khao sat o hai xa Chieng Ngam va Nam Et, hau het cac ho dan tai dinh cu su dung tien den bu de mua sam, trang bi nhung thiet bi, phuong tien sinh hoat, khong he co su dau tu nao vao phat trien kinh te Voi viec su dung tien den bu khong hieu qua se gay nhung tac dong tieu cuc den doi song cua ho sau Cac ho dan tai dinh cu can co nhung ho tro them viec quan ly, su A r A J A I /"I • • I < -4-A 15 A f A A If -4- f Z dung nguon von den bu Giai phap o day la can co mot to chuc dung quan ly so tien den bu cho nguoi dan tai moi diem tai dinh cu TO chUc se cung 90 nguai dan ban bac, lap ke hoach khoi phuc sinh ke de su dung tien den bu mot each thiet thuc va hieu qua nhat cho nguai dan So tien den bu duqc quan ly t r \ r chung dudi dang mot quy phat dien va cong dong se cung quyet dinh su dung so tien de tao cac nguon sinh ke khac thay co nguon sinh ke bi mat viec tai dinh cu gay 3.2.5 Giai phap ve dat dai - Viec trien khai chuong trinh tai dinh cu can duqc thuc hien mot cach dong bo, co diem, co trat tu va phai duqc thuc hien den tung dia ban tai dinh cu, tranh su xao don ldn den vung nhan dan tai dinh cu - Che dSn bu dat dai khong nen chi chi tra mot khoan tron goi ma nen danh rieng mot khoan cho chi phi chuyen doi nghe doi vdi cac ho gia dinh thuoc r t a r r doi tuqng tai dinh cu Ngoai can co mot co quan, to chuc thiet ke chuong trinh, xay dung ke hoach va trien khai thuc hien, chiu trach nhiem ve chuyen nghe cho nguai dan (ke ca giai quyet sap xep viec lam) - Can co su khao sat ky luong ve quy dat cung nhu dieu kien, chat luqng dat dai tai noi du kien nhan dan tai dinh cu Dua tren quy dat hien co de xac dinh so dan se tai dinh cu den cho phu hop - Trong truong hop khong co du quy dat cho tat ca cac ho tai dinh cu can dua cac phuong an tao thu nhap khac co it nhu cau su dung dat (nghe phi nong nghiep) 3.2.6 Giai phap ve viec lam - Tap trung cai tao dieu kien lao dong cho nguoi dan tai dinh cu Phat trien r rtf he thong trung tam dich vu viec lam va tu van hudng nghiep de cung cap cac thong tin ve viec lam thiet thuc hon doi vdi nguoi dan tai dinh cu, tang cong to chuc dao tao nghe danh rieng cho nguoi dan tai dinh cu - Xay dung che ho trq tron goi doi vdi nguoi tai dinh cu, bao gom ca chinh sach ve viec lam, tai chinh, dao tao, xay dung cac che bao hiem xa hoi cho nguoi tai dinh cu Da dang hoa cac hoat dong phi nong nghiep dudc 91 bi mat dat canh tac va khong viec lam nong nghiep; cai thien su tiep can cua nguoi tai dinh cu doi voi co hoi viec lam phi nong nghiep duoc tra cong va A A • J > • A I • A * A nang cao co hoi lam viec phi nong nghiep 3.2.7 Giai phap ve thi truong - Co mang luoi cung cap thong tin ve thi truong cho nguoi dan tai dinh cu ve: + Nhu cau cac loai nong san hen thi truong + Gia ca cac loai hang hoa phuc vu cho san xuat kinh doanh noi chung va cac nganh nghe cho nguoi dan tai dinh cu - Ti6p tuc hoan thien cac chinh sach ho tro nguoi dan tai dinh cu tham gia thi truong - Thuc hien chinh sach huong dan, dao tao huan luyen cac thuc lam an, bien cac hinh thuc kinh doanh phu hop kha nang cUa nguoi - Cac doan the, hiep hoi co cac bien phap giup nguoi dan tai dinh cu giam gia sam pham (mien phi cac khau tu van, cung cap thong tin ky thuat, dich vu, ) - Co cac ke hoach nghien cuu nhu cau thi truong hang hoa cu the de co huong chuyen dich cac hoat dong kinh te de dap ung nhu cau thi truong 3.2.8 Cac giai phap ve to chu*c thuc hien - Bat sinh hoat phai gianh cho nhung nguoi tai dinh cu co tinh den kieu cach cUa cac nhom dan toc thieu sO khac va cho giOng voi lang xom cUa ho truoc day Cac chinh sach phai dU mem deo de cho phep co nhieu dien tich hon muc tOi da hien 400 m2 dOi voi dat sinh hoat (nha cua va vuon) - Chat luong dat nong nghiep phai duoc danh gia voi su tham gia cUa nhung nguoi dang tai dinh cu truoc chUng duoc phan bo Neu dat dai mau z mo, thi sO luong hien tai la phu hop de phan bo Tuy nhien, neu la dat doi hoac z r ? •> z bac mau, nhu the sO luong phan bo cho cac ho phai lon hon Viec phan bo dat •> phai co khoan du phong theo quy mo gia dinh t r r \ 92 r - Viec phan bo cac 16 dat sinh hoat phai ton nguyen vong cua nguoi dan Cac vien cua dong toc, gia dinh phai dugc phep song gan hoac ke ben Truoc di chuyen den noi moi, cong dong can dugc tim hieu va tham gia ban bac viec bo tri dat sinh hoat cua cac ho, dong toc cong dong r r r - Cac dich vu co ban va thiet yeu nhu truong hgc phai hoan tat truoc nam hgc moi bat dau Hien nay, rat nhieu tre em tai dinh cu phai nha vi truong hgc gan nhat cung each xa 10 km va khong co phuong tien giao thong cong cong cho chung toi truong Viec tiep can truong hgc phai dugc la quy dinh luat phap cho mgi diem tai dinh cu - Quan ly tai dinh cu phai dugc cai thien cap huyen Nhung can bo tai dinh cu phai dugc dao tao tot hon de lam viec voi nguoi dan dia phuong Co the r ? r r tuyen can bo so nhung nguoi dan toc thieu so bi anh huong de gan bo mot r \ r each tot hon nhung khia canh van hoa tai dinh cu Can phai tang so lugng can bo chuyen trach tai cac don vi tai dinh cu cip huyen - Can tao co che tham gia cua nguoi dan bi anh huong viec xay dung va thuc hien ke hoach tai dinh cu Ddi tugng cua cac kd hoach tai dinh cu boi cac nha lanh dao, nhung nguoi ngoai cong dong Chinh vi vay cac ke hoach tai dinh cu hien chua thuc su hieu qua va chua co dugc su tham gia tich cue cua nguoi dan tai dinh cu 93 KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI• • Nha may thuy dien Sou La la mot dur an thuoc cac cong trinh quan tai dinh cu lou nhat tu truoc den Tdi nam 2010, se co 91.000 ngudi hoac 18.968 ho tai tinh Sou La, Lai Chau va Dien Bien, du kien se duoc tai dinh cu Nhung ho dan se phai di chuyen xa khoang tu 50 den 100 km so vdi nai d hien va se khong duoc tiep can vdi sdng Da - la ngudn sinh kd chinh cua Cong tac di dan tai dinh cu dang duoc trien khai va da dat duoc mot so tuu nhu: Khuyen khich su tham gia cua chinh quyen va nhan dan dia phuong; Nang cao muc sdng cho ngudi dan tai dinh cu Vin de moi trudng dang duoc nhan manh chuong trinh di dan tai dinh cu thuy dien Son La nhu sau: Cac nhom giai phap A ve quy hoach va chinh sach quy hoach, giai phap cho chuong trinh tai dinh cu, trudng tieu thu va cac giai phap ve to chuc thuc hien cong tac di dan tai dinh cu 94 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Tieng Viet TS Dang Nguyen Anh (2006), Chinh sach di dan qua trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi d cac tinh mien nui, Nha xuat ban The gidi, Ha Noi Dang Nguyen Anh (2007), “Tai dinh cu cho cac cong trinh thuy dien o Viet Nam”, Tap chi Cong san, (so 8/2007) Ban Quan ly du an thuy dien Son La (2002), Du an quy hoach bo tri dan cu tinh San La giai doan 2003 - 2010, Ha Noi Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien Nong thon (2003), Bao cao Quy hoach tong the di dan tai dinh cu du an thuy dien San La, Ha Noi Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien Nong thon (2005), Bao cao Quy hoach tong the di dan tai dinh cu du an thuy dien San La (Tai lieu da chinh sua theo Quyet dinh so 196/2004/QD-TTg 29/11/2004 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu ve viec phe duyet quy hoach tong the di dan tai dinh cu thuy dien San La) Pham Mong Hoa va Lam Mai Lan (2000), Tai dinh cu cac du an •> r phat trien: Chinh sach va thuc tien, Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi ThS Vu Cong Lan, TS Nguyen Viet Hai va cac cong su (2007), Bao cao phan tich tac dong giam ngheo thong qua dau tu cong den tai dinh cu tai Tay Nguyen - Du an “Giam sat va danh sat viec thuc hien CPRGS linh vuc nong thon Viet Nam" - TF052631, Ha Noi Ngan hang Phat trien chau A (1995), cam nang ve tai dinh cu - Hudng dan thuc hanh Ngan hang Phat trien chau A (2000), Chinh sach tai dinh cu khong tu nguyen d Viet Nam 10 Bui Dinh Toai (2004), Su dung PRA viec tang cuong kha nang giam thieu tac hai cua ngap lut cua cong dong dia phuang, Dai hoc Hue 11 Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Son La (2005), Quy hoach tong the phat trien kinh te xa hoi tinh San La thdi ky 2006 - 2020, Son La 95 12 Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Son La (2005), Ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi nam 2006 - 2010 tinh San La, Son La 16 Nghi dinh 181/2004/ND-CP 29 thang 10 nam 2004 cua Chinh phu ve huong dan thi hanh Luat Ddt dai 2003 17 Quyet dinh so 196/2004/QD-TTg Ngay 29 thang 11 nam 2004, cua Chinh phu ve viec Phe duyet quy hoach tong the di dan, tai dinh cu Du an thuy dien Son La 18 Nghi dinh 197/2004/ND-CP thang 12 nam 2004 cua Chinh phu ve Boi thudng, ho tro va tai dinh cu nha nuoc thu hoi dat 19 Thong tu 116/2004/TT-BTC thang 12 nam 2004 cua Bo Tai chinh ve Huong dan thuc hien Nghi dinh Chinh phu 197/2004/ND-CP 03/12/2004 ve boi thudng, ho trg va tai dinh cu Nha nude thu hoi dat 20 Quyet dinh so 02/2007/QD-TTg 09 thang nam 2007 cua Chinh phu ve viec ban hanh quy dinh ve boi thudng, ho trg va tai dinh cu du an thuy dien Son La 21 Quyet dinh so 12/2007/QD-UBND thang nam 2007 cua Uy trg va tai dinh cu Du an thuy dien Son La ban hanh kem theo Quyet dinh so 02/2007/QD- TTg 09/01/2007 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu Tieng Anh 22 Chambers, R And G Conway (1992), Sustainable rural livelihoods: Practical concepts for the 21 st century, Brighton: IDS 23 Mekong Economics (2006), Northern Mountains Poverty Reduction Project - Project Impact Evaluation Design and Baseline Survey 24 Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Association (2006), Study on Impacts of Vietnam's Son La Hydropower Project, Hanoi 96 PHQ LQC PHIEU DIEU TRA TINH TRANG D(H SONG HQ GIA DINH TAI DINH CU* A Phan chung: - Tinh: San La Huyen: Xa: Thon: - Ho ten chu ho: Gidi tinh: Nam sinh: Dan toe: - Trinh van hoa: Tong so ngudi ho: So Nam: Sd Ntr: B Phan chi tiet: Anh, chi chuyen vd day nao ? Ngay thang nam Anh, chi da nhan duoc loai den bu va hd trg nao? - Bang tidn mat? □ -Khac? - Nha d? □ - DSt? □ □, cuthe: + + Anh, chi da nhan duoc bao nhieu tien? Nam nao? Anh, chi co nhan day du tien nhu da duoc hua khong? Co □ Khong ;□ Neu khong, anh chi bao nhieu tien nua? Anh, chi co lam nhung thu tuc gi de nhan duoc not sd tien lai? Theo anh chi, sd tidn ddn bu nhu vay co thoa dang cho ho gia dinh khong? Cd □ Khong □ Ndu Khong, theo anh chi, bao nhieu mdi thoa dang: Neu anh, chi duoc den bu bang nha, anh, chi co hai long vdi nha khong? Cd □ Khong □ Neu khong, tai sao? So sanh nha d nai mdi vdi nha d cu: Thuan tien han □ ft thuan tien han □ Rong han □ Hep han □ Anh chi cd mong muon nha nudc cap tien mat dd anh chi cd the tu xay nha khong? Cd □ Khong □ 97 Anh, chi co dugc nhan day du dien tich dat nhu da hua khong? Co □ Khong □ So sanh dat canh tac noi d mdi vdi noi d cu: Nhieu hon Tot hon Di gan horn □ □ □ BSng Bang Bang □ □ □ It horn Xiu horn Xa horn □ □ □ Anh chi cd du luong thuc an nam khong? Cd □ Khong □ So sanh vdi thdi gian trudc anh, chi chuyen den day thi nhu the nao? 10 Tu chuyen den day, gia dinh anh, chi cd bi thieu ddi khong? Co □ KhongD Neu Co, + Thieu may thang mot nam : + tai sao? + Thinh thoang hay thudng xuyen 11 Anh, chi cd dugc di lay cui va khai thac tan thu cac lam san rung cua cong dong hoac rung cua nha nudc khong? Cd □ 5 Khong □ 12 Cac nguon thu nhap bang tien mat chinh cua gia dinh anh chi la gi? d noi d cu - Tu san pham trot □ - Tu vat nuoi □ - Tir go lay tir rung □ - Tir san pham khac □ - Tir nguon khac Noi d mdi □ □ □ □ So vdi thu nhap cua gia dinh d noi d cu: Nhieu hon □ Bang □ ft hon □ 13 Thap sang nha: noi deu Noi d mdi - Tir ludi dien qudc gia □ □ - May phat thuy dien nhd □ □ - Den diu 14 Nhien lieu dd dun nau thong dung nhat gia dinh anh chi la gi? Cui □ Rom □ La cay □ Khac 98 15 Gia dinh anh chi co du chat dot so vdi noi o cu khong? Co □ Khong □ Neu Khong, tai sao? 16 Gia dinh anh chi lay nuoc sinh hoat va nuoc an o dau? Noi o mdi noi o cu - Gieng xay □ □ - Gieng dao □ □ - Song, suoi □ □ - Nudc may □ □ - Khac 17 Anh cth co bbo gib bi thiiu nudc ddng khong? Neu Co, thieu bao nhieu thang nam? Khong □ C6Q; thang So sanh vdi nudc sinh hoat o noi o cu: Nhieu hon □ Bang □ It hon Tot hon □ Bang □ Kem hon □ Di lay gan hon □ Bang □ Xa hon □ □ 18 Di hoc Tai khu tai dinh cu co xay trudng hoc cho tre em khong? Co □ Khong □; Neu co, trudng cap may: Mam non □ Tiiu hoc □ Trung hoc Co sd □ Khac □ Bang □ Kem hem □ Di gan hon □ Bang □ Xa henc So sanh vdi trudng hoc o noi o cu: Tot hern Con cai anh chi co duoc di hoc khong: Co □ □ Khong □ NSu Khong, tai ? 19 Tai khu dan cu co tram y te nao khong? Co □ Khong □; Neu Co, tram y te co duoc trang bi day du khong? Co □ So sanh vdi tram y te o noi o cu: Khong □; □ Bang □ Kem hon □ Di gan hon □ Bang □ Xa hem Tot hem □ 20 Anh chi hoac ngudi gia dinh cua anh chi co duoc cham soc suc khoe, kham chua benh kip thdi dau om khong? Neu Khong, tai Co □ Khong □ 99 21 Anh, chi van tri cac hoat dong van hoa va cac phong tuc, tap quan ma anh Co □ chi v§n lam trudc khong? Khong □ Neu Khong, tai 22 Tai thon mdi cd xay nha van hoa khong? Cd □ Khong □; Neu co, nd cd duoc xay theo kieu truyen thong khong? Cd □ Khong □ Anh chi cd hai long vdi nha khong? Cd □ Khong □ ; Tai 23 Cho nong thon: Tai khu dan cu cd cho khong? Co □ Khong □ Anh chi thudng di ddn cho gAn nhat bang phuong tien gi? Di bo □ Xe dap □ Xe may □ Thuyen □ Phuong tien khac: Tu nha anh chi den cho gan nhat het bao nhieu lau ? gid So sanh vdi cho d noi d cu: □ Bang □ Kem hon □ Di gan hon □ Bang □ Xa hon Tot hon □ 24 Tai cong dong dang d co du an tao thu nhap nao khong? Cd □ Khong □; Neu cd, anh chi cd duoc khuyen khich de tham gia khong? Cd □ Khong □; Neu Khong, tai sao? : Du an cd giup cai thien thu nhap cua gia dinh khong? Cd □ Khong □ Tai sao? r a > r 25 Cuoc song cua anh chi tai noi tai dinh cu tot hon hay tdi hon so vdi cuoc sdng d noi d cu? Tot hon □, Tai sao? Bang □, Tai sao? Kem hon □, Tai sao? 26 Theo anh, chi, can phai lam gi de cai thien ddi sdng cua ngudi dan tai noi tai dinh cu? ., Ngay Ngudi dieu tra Dai dien UBND xa thang nam 2008 Chu ho
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