Giải pháp hoàn thiện quản lý nhà nước về đấu thầu các dự án đầu tư xây dựng của bộ văn hoá thông tin

BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAO • TRirdNG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN NGUYEN HONG QUANG IATAN VAN TIIAC SI KIMI TE GIAI PHAP HORN THI€N QUAN LY NHA NITOC V€ DAU THAU CAC DU1 AN DAU TIT XAV DITNG CUA BO VAN HOA - THONG TIN CHUYEN NGANH : KINH TE THU'ONG MAI Ma so: 5.02.05 Huang dan: THS TU PGS TS BANG DINH DAO Ha noi - 2003 MUC LUC ■ ■ Trang PHAN Md DAU CHlfONG I: NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG VE DAU THAU VA QUAN LY NHA NlfOC VE DAU THAU 1.1 Dau thau va quan ly nha nude ve dau th du nen kinh tethi trudng 1.1.1 Nhirng van de co ban vd dau thau nen kinh te th i trudng 1.1.2 Hinh thurc dau thdu 1.1.3 Qui trinh dau thau 5 10 14 1.2 Y nghla va noi dung co ban cua quan ly nha nude ve dau thau 1.2.1 Tfnh tat yeu va y nghla cua quan ly nha nude vddauthdu 1.2.2 Noi dung quan ly nha nude ve dau thflu 1.2.3 Cac co quan nha nude quan ly ve dau thSu 1.2.4 Quan ly nha nude vd dftii thflu doi vdi cac dir andau tirxay dung cua Bo Van hoa-Thong tin 1.2.5 So luge vd qua trinh hinh va hoan thien qui che dau than lTnh vuc ddu tir xay dung d nude ta 19 19 23 28 30 1.3 Cac nhan td'anh hudng den quan ty Nha nude ve dau thau 1.3.1 Sir tac dong cua cac qui luat kinh te khach quan 1.3.2 Tac dong cua cac muc tieu tang trudng kinh te, cac chuong trinh, ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi 1.3.3 Moi trudng phap ly 1.3.4 Bo may quan ly hanh chinh Nha nude 1.3.5 Tac dong vd phia cac Id chuc quoc te va nude ngoai cung cap tai chinh cho du an 1.3.6 Cac nhan to thuoc nhan thirc chu quan cua cac chii dau tu, cac doanh nghiep, nha thau 36 36 37 CHUONG 2: THUC TRANG QUAN LY NHA NU’Oc VE DAU THAU CAC DU'AN DAU 41 33 38 38 39 40 Tlf XAY DUNG CUA BO VAN HOA - THONG TIN 2.1 Bp Van hoa Thong tin vdi viec quan ty cong tac dau tu xay dung co ban va quan ty nha nude ve dau thau 2.1.1 Chirc nang, nhiem vu va co can td chuc cua Bo Van hoa Thong tin 41 41 2.1.2 Cong tac quan ly dau tir xAy dung co ban cua Bo Van hoa Thong tin 2.1.3 Tinh hinh cluing ve dfiu thau cac dir an dau tu xay dung cua Bo Van hoa Thong tin thdi gian qua 46 2.2 Phan rich thuc trang quan ly Nha nude ve dau thau cac du an dau tu xay dung cua Bp Van hoa Thong tin qua cac noi dung quan ly 2.2.1 Quan ly nha nude vd td chute cong tac dau thau 2.2.2 Quan ly nha nude vd ke hoach dau thau 2.2.3 Phe duyet lid so moi than va tieu chuan danhgia ho so du thau 2.2.4 Thain dinh va phe duyet ket qua dau thau 2.2.5 Td chute kiem tra edng tac dau thfiu 2.2.6 Giai quyet cac vudng mdc khie'u nai ve dau than 2.2.7 Phan tfch viec thuc hien quan ly Nha nude vd dau thau qua mot goi thau cu the duqc dau thau thdi gian qua cua Bo Van hoa Thong tin 58 2.3 Danh gid chung ve thuc trang edng tac quan ly Nha nude ve dau tha'u cac du an dau tu xay dung cua Bp Van hoa - Thong tin 2.3.1 Mot sd' ket qua dal duqc 2.3.2 Mdt so tdn tai efin khAc phuc cong tac quan ly Nha nude vd dau thau cac du an dau tu xfiy dung co ban cua Bo Van hoa Thong tin CHUONG 3: PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP HOAN THIEN QUAN LY NHA NUdC VE DAU THAU CAC DU AN DAU TU XAY DUNG CUA BO VAN HOATHONG TIN 54 58 61 67 73 74 76 77 86 86 87 93 3.1 Yeu cd'u ve tang cudng quan ly nha nude doi vdi cac du an dau tu xay dung cua Bp Van hoa - Thong tin thdi gian tai 3.1.1 Muc tieu va phuong hudng phat trien nganh cua Bo Van hoa Thong tin thdi gian tdi 3.1.2 Mot so du an ldn du kien thuc hien giai doan den 2010 cua Bo Van hoa Thong tin 3.1.3 Mdt sd yeu can ve tang cudng quan ly Nha nude doi vdi cac du an ddu tir xay dung co ban 93 3.2 Quan diem va phuong hudng hoan thien quan ly nha nude ve dau thau cac du an dau tu xay dung cua Bp Van hoa - Thong tin 3.2.1 Muc tieu cua viec hoan thien quan ly nha nude ve dau thau 3.2.2 Quan diem va phuong hudng hoan thien quan ly nha nude vd dau thau cac du an dau tu xay dung cua Bo Van hoa - Thdng tin 97 3.3 Cac giai phap chu yeu nham hoan thien quan ly nha nude ve dau thau cac du an dau tu xay dung cua Bp Van hoa Thong tin 93 95 95 97 97 99 3.3.1 Hoan thien to chuc bo may quan ly nha nude v6 dau thau cua Bo Van hoa - Thongjin 3.3.2 Xay dung va ban hanh cac quy dinh cu the v6 qui trinh, tieu chuan va phiromg phap danh gia xet thau ap dung thong nhat doi vdi cac du an dau tu xay dung cua Bo Van hoa Thong tin 3.3.3 Dao tao, bdi duong nhSm nang cao trinh do, kien thirc va nang luc cua doi ngu can bd chuyen mon linh vuc ddu tu xay dung va quan ly dau thau 3.3.4 Mot so kien nghi v6 viec hoan thien qui che dau thau hien hanh 99 100 117 118 KET LUAN 125 TAI LIEU THAM K.HAO 128 PllAN Md DAU TINH CAP THIET CUA DE TAI Thue hien cong cuoc “doi moi”, chuyen doi nen kinh te tir co che ke hoach hoa tap trung sang kinh te hang hoa nhieu phan hoat dong theo co che thi trudng theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghla co sir quan ly cua Nha nude, di doi vdi viec nghien ciru ve mat ly luan, van dung cac quy luat kinh te, Dang va Nha nude ta luon quan tarn den viec sir dung he thong cac cong cu quan ly cua kinh te thi trudng, ca d tarn vT mo va vi mo nhSm muc dfch vira dat dtrqc cac muc tieu phat trien kinh te dong thdi sir dung mot each hop ly, cd hieu qua cac nguon lire Trong lie thong cac cong cu do, dau thau la mot nhung cong cu dilc luc diroc sir dung cang bien cac hoat dong mua ban tren thi trudng va dac biet la linh vuc dau tir xay dung Dau thau diroc coi la phirong thirc quan ly cd hieu qua viec sir dung cac nguon von, nhat la nguon von thuoc Ngan sach Nha ntrdc Trong nhung nam qua, Nha nirdc ta da khong ngirng nghien cuu va cang hoan thien hon cac quy dinh mang tinh phap ly cho hoat dong dau thau Dau thau da dan tro phirong thirc mang tinh bat buoc viec mua sdm cac tai san ldn va qua trinh thirc hien dau tir xay dung tir nguon von Ngan sach Tuy nhien, day la mot hoat dong mdi me doi vdi cluing ta nen tirng nganh, tirng linh virc, tirng dieu kien cu the, thirc te luon dat yeu cau can phai tiep tuc nghien ciru hoan thien he thong cac quy dinh phap ly de dinh hirdng, hirdng dim va dieu chinh hoat dong dau thau, dong thdi to chirc quan ly hoat dong dau thfiu tot hon, dat hieu qua cao hon Dau thau thdi gian gfin day trd mot cac van de quan tarn khong chi doi vdi cac co quan quan ly nha nirdc, cac doanh nghiep mil la mdi quan tarn cua ca nhung ngudi dim Nhieu nam qua, Nha nirdc ta da ban hanh va khong ngirng nghien ciru sira doi, hoan thien quy che dau thau nhirng de nang cao no Phap lenh hay mot dao luat thi chung ta phai liep tuc nghien ctru hoan thien no mot each toan dien moi linh vuc cua thirc tidn, mat khac cung can phai khong ngirng nang cao chat lirong cua cong tac quan ly dau thdu Trong chien luoc xay dung va phai trien dat nude, Dang va Nha nude ta dac biet quan tarn den linh vuc Van hoa - Thdng tin, coi day la tarn chien luoc ngudi Hang nam, ngan sach Nha nude danh nhirng khoan kinh phi dang ke cho dau tu xay dung co ban nhSm hoan thien cac thiet che van hoa, phuc vu ddi song van hoa cua nhan dan Su dung lam cho cd hieu qua cac khoan kinh phi la muc tieu, la trach nhiem cua cong tac quan ly dfiu tu va xay dung cua nganh Van hoa - Thdng tin, dfiu thau duoc coi la mol cong cu quan hang dfiu Bo Van hoa - Thdng tin la co quan quan ly Nha nude ve Van hoa Thdng tin vdi rat nhieu hoal dong dac thu : Bao ton, bao tang, tu bo ton tao di tfch, dien anh, van hoc, nghe thuat, thu vien, bao chi, truyen thanh, truyen hinh, in - xuat ban Trong viec quan ly dfiu tu xay dung noi chung va quan ly dau thau noi rieng, efin phai cd str nghien cuu va de cac giai phap cu the nham true tiep gop phdn quan ly, sir dung cd hieu qua nguon kinh phi dau tu cua Nha nude phii hop vdi nhirng dac thu cua nganh dong then gop phan cho viec hoan thien he thdng cac quy dinh phap ly cua Nha nude ve quan ly hoat dong dfiu thau Do cung chinh la ly toi chon de tai: “ Giai phap hoan thien quan ly Nha niroc ve dau than cac dir an dan tu xay dung cua Bo Vein hod Thong tin" MUC DICH NGHIEN CUU - Lam ro nhung ly luan co ban vd dfiu thau noi chung va tinh chat, dac diem cua cong tac dfiu thdu mot so linh virc cd tinh dac thu cua nganh Van hoa - Thong tin - Phan tich danh gia thuc trang cua edng tac dau thau tai nude ta hien noi chung va doi vdi Bo Van hoa - Thong tin noi rieng Til de cac giai phap trudc mdt va lau dai nhiiin hoan thien va nang cao chat lirpng quan ly nha nude vd dau thau doi vdi cac dir an xay dung cua Bo Van hoa - Thong tin DOI TUONG VA PHAM VI NGHIEN CUU - Doi lirpng nghien ciru: Toan bp edng tac quan ly nha nirdc ve dau thau Bo Van hoa - Thong tin bao gom cac mat: To churc, cd che quan ly, chirc nang nhiem vu sir phoi hop giira cac co quan huu quan; nghien cun viec trien khai thuc hien quy che dau thau doi vdi mot sd dir an cu the - Pham vi nghien ciru: Tap trung nghien ciru quan ly Nha nude ve dau thau cac du an dau tu xay dung ihuoc Bo Van hoa - Thong tin, khong di sau nghien ciru viec dau thau mua sfim nho thuoc nguon kinh phi hoat dong sir nghiep PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Sir dung tong hop cac phuong phap nghien ciru Phuong phap vAt bien chung, vat lich sir la phuong phap nghien cuu co ban, dong thdi sir dung ket hop cac phuong phap khac: Phuong phap thong ke, phuong phap dieu tra, phan tfch, tong hop Cac so lieu duqc sir dung bao gom ca so lieu da cong bo, da in - xuat ban chinh thuc va ca cac sd lieu cac bao cao cua cac co quan huu quan DONG GOP CUA LUAN VAN - He thong hoa ly luan vd dau thau noi chung va doi vdi mot sd lmh vuc cd tmh dac thii nganh van hoa thong tin - Dinh hudng td chirc va quan ly cong tac dau thau Bo Van hoa- Thong tin - De mot so giai phap nhfim hoan thien va nang cao chat lirqng quan ly nha nirdc ve dau thau doi vdi cac dir an dau tir xay dung thuoc Bo Van hoa - Thong tin KET CAU CUA LUAN VAN - Phan md dau - Chuang I: Nhung van de chung ve dau thau va quan ly nha nude ve dau thau - Chuang II: Thue trang quan ly nha nude ve dau thau cac du an dau tu xay dung cua Bo Van hod - Thong tin - Chuang III : Phuong hudng va giai phap hoan thien quan ly nha nude ve dau thau cac du an dau tu xay dung cua Bo Van hod - Thong tin - Phan ket luan - Tai lieu tham khao ( in 0M i NHUfNG van de chung ve dau thau VA QUAN LY NHA NUOC VE DAU THAU 1.1 DAU THAU VA QUAN LY NHA NUOC VE DAU THAU TRONG NEN KINH TE THI TRUONG 1.1.1 Nhirng van de ca ban ve dau thau nen kinh te thi trudng 1.1.1.1.Mot so khai niem cluing ve dau thau va dau than xay dung Thuat ngir “dau thau“ da xuat hien thirc te xa hoi tir xa xira nhirng gan day moi dirge sir dung long rai d nirdc ta cung vdi sir phat trien cua kinh te thi trirdng Theo tir dien tieng Viet (do Vien ngon ngir hoc bien soan, xuat ban nam 1998) giai thfch dau thau la viec “do cong khai, nhan lam, nhan ban vdi dieu kien tot nhat thi dirge giao cho lam hoac dirge ban hang (mol phirong thurc giao lam cong trinh hoac mua hang)” Nhtr vay, ban chat cua viec dau thau da dirge xa hoi thira nhan nhir la mot sir ganh dua (canh tranh) cong khai de thirc hien mot viec nao do, mot yeu cau nao Tuy nhien, khai niem cd nhirng each hieu, dinh nghTa khac Trong cac tai lieu bang tieng Anil, thong thirdng sir dung tit "hid" hoac "tender" de chi viec dau thau Tuy nhien, doi nhirng tir mang nghTa la dfiu gia nen dan den cd sir hieu sai hoac khong phan biet hai khai niem Do viec dfiu thau phan ldn cac trirdng hgp, dirge quy dinh hoat dong mua sdm sir dung nguon lien cua Nha mrdc nen cung nhieu 116 Do nhung uu diem nhu vay, phuong phap can duoc ap dung rong rai viec danh gia ho so du thau mua sam hang hoa De minh hoa them cho phuong phap nay, xin xem vf du sau: (Bieu so9) Bieu so DANH GIA HO SO D^THAU HE THONG THIET BI THEO PHUONG PHAP CHI PH! VONG Ddl StfDUNG Nha thau Chi phi Nha thau Nha thau B A c I Chi phi ban dan l.Tong gia du thdu 18.500 20.000 21.000 Hieu chinh: 300 + Thieu chi phi dao tao, 300 - + Hieu chinh ve ky thuat: Thieu thiet bi, phu tung thay the bit buoc + Hieu chinh ve thuong mai: Ban quyen cong nghe, + Thieu chi phi chay thu: 2.800 400 - 50 - 50 45 - - Chi phi ban ddu 21.695 20.400 21.350 800 600 600 3.484 2.613 2.613 II Hieu chinh chi phi theo vong doi su dung * Chi phi nang luong cho nam NPV cho nam 500 * Chi phi bao tri binh quan nam NPV cho nam Chi ph' su dung III.Tong chi phi duoc danh gia theo nguyen tic chi phi vong doi Xep hang nha than 400 mien phi 2.177 1.742 5.661 2.613 4.355 27.356 23.013 25.705 (Ngudn: Tai lieu tap Iman dau thdu chuyen sau, Bo Ke hoach va Ddu tu -Ngan hang the gidi, 8/2002) 117 Ho so du thau duoc danh gia theo nguyen tac vong ddi su dung tren co so danh gia chi phi ban dau va chi phi ve nang luong de van hanh va chi phi bao tri thiet bi thdi gian nam (day la khoang thdi gian duoc xac dinh can cd vao kinh nghiem duoc tinh ke tu van hanh den phai sua chua ldn lan dau) duoc tfnh toan theo tai lieu ky thuat cua thiet bi vdi ty le chiet khau NPV la 10% Qua vi du tren, co the nhan thay ket qua xep hang nha thau trudc va sau ap dung phuong phap danh gia theo vong ddi su dung co su thay doi Ho so du thau cua Nha thau B co tong chi phi thap nhat duoc xep thd nhat se duoc kien nghi trung thau 3.3.3 Dao tao, boi duong nhdm nang cao trinh do, kien thuc va nang lun nuh dni ngu nan bn nkuyen mon link van dau tn xay dung nd ban va quan ly dau tkau Trong tat ca moi hoat dong kinh te xa hoi, ngudi bao gid cung la yeu to quyet dinh Do vay, nang cao trinh do, kien thuc va nang luc cua can bo la yeu cau tat yeu de dap ung yeu cau cua quan ly nha nudc ve dau tu xay dung co ban va quan ly dau thau Doi vdi Bo Van hoa - Thong tin, dac diem hoat dong la mot Bo co tfnh chat su nghiep va xa hoi, doi ngu can bo, nhat la can bo tai cac don vi co so su nghiep deu thieu cac kien thuc can thiet ve quan ly dau tu xay dung co ban noi chung va quan ly dau thau noi rieng Do vay, viec dao tao, boi duong nham nang cao trinh do, kien thuc va nang luc cua doi ngu can bo chuyen mon linh vuc dau tu xay dung co ban va quan ly dau thau la yeu cau vo cung buc thiet Doi tuong can dao tao bao gom: Cac can bo lam cong tac quan ly nha nudc ve dau tu xay dung va dau thau; cac chu dau tu co du an dau tu xay dung; cac can bo thuoc cac to chuc tu van dau tu xay dung va cac can bo dam nhiem cong tac lap ho so du thau cua cac nha thau 118 Hinh thirc dao tao diroc to chirc da dang dudi nhieu loai hinh thich ung vdi yeu cau va quy thdi gian cua tirng doi tuong, chu theo cac chuyen de va sir dung hinh thirc dao tao boi dirdng ngdn han la chu yeu Phuong thirc dao tao vira kip thdi dap irng doi hoi cap thiet ciia thuc tidn van (F1DIC), v.v + Cac quy dinh phap ly ve quan ly dau tu xay dung + Cac quy dinh phap ly vd dau thfiu + Cach lap ho so dir thau + Cac phirong phap danh gia xet thau + Kinh nghiem xir ly cac tinh hudng dfiu thdu.v.v De nang cao chfit lirong dao tao, can mdi cac chuyen gia gidi, co uy tin va kinh nghiem va ngoai nudc tham gia giang day, ngoai can tang cudng tuyen chon va cir cac can bo di khao sat va hoc tap kinh nghiem ciia cac nudc tien tien 3.3.4 Mot so kien nghi ve viec hoan thien che chinh sach cua nha nude ve quan ly cong tdc dau thdu Quy che dfiu thfiu diroc ban hanh kem theo Nghi dinh 88/1999/ND-CP 1/9/1999 ciia Chinh phii cung cac Nghi dinh si’ra doi bo sung thdi gian qua ve co ban da dap irng diroc yeu cau cua quan ly dau tu xay dung dieu kien phat trien kinh te thi trirdng d nudc ta thdi gian qua Tuy nhien, cung da hoc lo nhirng mat bat cap ma doi vdi mdi linh virc, mdi nganh nd the hien d cac goc khac Viec tiep tuc hoan thien Quy 119 che dau thau la yeu cfiu tat yeu va vd cung cap thiet hien Mot so' noi dung xin dd xuat kien nghi la: 3.3.4.1 Nang cao gid tri vd hieu lire phap ly cua Quy che ddu thdu Quy che dau thau hien hanh can duoc nang cao gia tri va hieu lire phap ly de trd Phap lenh dau thau de tien tdi co the ban hanh Luat dau thau Day la doi hoi khach quan cua thirc tidn hoan thiert co che thi trudng d nudc ta doi vdi lien trinh xay dung Luat Vi vay, phai co str bo sung va quy dinh chi tiet cac hinh thuc che tai de dieu chinh hoat dong dau thau dong thdi phai quy dinh rd trach nhiem va tham quydn ciia cac co quan quan ly Nha nudc doi vdi viec xu ly vi pham, cac che tai xu ly doi vdi tirng hanh vi vi pham quy che da'u thdu Trong quy che dau thfiu hien hanh ke ca nhung sira doi gdn day nhat, viec xir ly doi vdi cac vi pham ciia nha thfiu, chua xac dinh ro trach nhiem cua ca nhan ve cac mat hanh chinh, kinh te va trach nhiem hinh su doi vdi nhung sai pham gay hau qua nghiem Cfin bo sung quy dinh rang buoc trach nhiem ciia tu van dfiu thau Tir van dau thfiu co vai tro dac biet quan trong qua trinh xet thau va nhieu trudng hop tac dong tdi hieu qua va chat lirqng thuc hien du an Tuy nhien, cac vien cua to chuyen gia tu van dfiu thau hau nhu khong bi rang buoc trach nhiem vd hanh chinh va kinh te doi vdi chat luong cdng tac tu van Trong thuc te, co nhieu sai sot ho so mdi thau va danh gia ho so du thfiu da dAn den cac phat sinh bo sung qua trinh thuc hien lam tang chi phi hoac sai sot viec danh gia xel thfiu da chon nhirng nha thfiu khong du nang lire thirc hien non cdng trinh co chat luong kem va tien keo dai, xay that thoat Do thieu co che rang buoc trach nhiem nen dd xay nhung tieu cue nhu tiet Id thong tin cfin bf mat, thdng dong vdi nha thfiu, co' tinh danh gia sai nhAm muc di'ch vu loi v.v De cd co sd gfin ket trach nhiem va dam bao quydn loi cua chu dfiu tu, can xem xet lai phuong thirc sir dung “td chuyen gia” de lam nhiem vu tu van 120 dau thau Nen chang, viec tir van xet ihdu bat budc phai to chirc tir van co du tu each phap nhan va co chuyen mon phu hop thuc hien To chirc tu van chiu trach nhiem viec lira chon chuyen gia va phai duoc chii dau tu chap thuan Cong tac kiem tra, giam sal va tra daii thau phai duoc thuc hien khong chi qua trinh to chirc daii thau va danh gia ho so dir thau ma can thiet phai duoc tien hanh ca qua trinh thuc hien goi thdu Chfnh qua trinh thuc hien, nhung sai sot cua viec dfiu thfiu mdi duoc bieu hien Do vay, phai co sir kiem tra giam sat phat hien cac sai sot dd de chan chinh, xu ly kip thdi va nil cac bai hoc, kinh nghiem de cang hoan thien quy che dau thfiu 3.3.4.2 Chong pha gid daii than Pha gia dfiu thfiu la mot van de gay nen nhidu quan diem khac va diroc de cap den kha nhieu hien Phd gid dau than Id viec dita note gid chao than thap han chi phi hinh tlutdng dieu kien cu the ve nang h(c san xuat, kinh doanh trinh ky thuat cong nghe cua nhd than vd cac tieu chuan ky thuat cua goi than ma nhd than pluii dap itng Pha gia dfiu thfiu gay nen mot sd hau qua tieu cue: - Do muc gia chao thfiu thap hon chi phi didu kien thuc hien binh thudng, nen nha thfiu phai tim each giam chi phi bang each gian lan khoi luong qua trinh thirc hien thi cong cong trinh, bdt xen vat lieu, khong luan thii cac lieu chufin, quy trinh, quy pham ky thuat, hay dua cung cap hang hoa cd chfit luqng kem hon anh hudng dfin chat luqng cong trinh - Pha gia dfiu thfiu dd dfin den nguy cu lam nha thfiu bi thua 15 va pha san Didu dd linn anh hudng den ddi song ngudi lao dong va gay hau qua khdng tot cho xa hoi 121 - Pha gia dau than cung co the dAn den tinh trang tien thi cong cong tinh bi keo dai hoac nha thau bo hop dong vi khong chiu dung noi muc thua l0 Dieu lam pha vd ke hoach kinh te de - Pha gia dau thau lam thu tieu tinh tfch cuc cua canh tranh Neu khong co bien phap chong pha gia da'u thau se lam cho moi trudng kinh doanh khong lanh manh va kim ham su phat trien cua kinh te thi trudng Vdi nhung ly tren, viec chong pha gia dau thau la mot yeu cdu can thiet de hoan thien quy che dau thau Can phan biet giua pha gia dau thau va giam gia du thau Pha gia dau thau chi nham mot muc dfch de thdng thau ma bat chap cac tieu chuan, quy trinh, quy pham va cac yeu cau ve chat luong Giam gia du thau duoc dua tren co so nang luc cua nha thau, duoc tinh toan mot cach co can cu nham gia du thau, nhd lam tang co hoi trung thau Giam gia du thau do mang tinh tfch cuc, lam tang tinh canh tranh nhung vAn dam bao cac yeu cau ve ky thuat cua goi thau va cung la mot cac nguyen tdc cua dau thau De chong pha gia dau thau, van de mau chot la phai xac dinh duoc muc chi phf can thiet toi thieu de thuc hien cac cong viec thuoc goi thau tren co so dap ung day du cac yeu cau ve tieu chuan ky thuat, cac quy trinh quy pham va cac yeu cau ve chat luong Theo quy che' dau thau hien hanh, gia goi thau duoc phe duyet cung ke hoach dau thau; Gia goi thau duoc xac dinh tren co so phan chia goi thau va thiet ke- du toan cac don vi tu van thiet ke' chuyen mon thuc hien va duoc tham dinh mot cach doc lap Doi vdi cac du an dau tu xay dung, Nha nudc quan ly gia xay dung thong qua he thong dinh mUc, don gia duoc xay dung mot cach tuong doi khoa hoc va phu hop vdi mat bang gia chung tren thi trudng, vay thong qua gia goi thau co the xac dinh duoc muc chi phf toi thieu de thuc hien goi thau De giam gia du thau ma vAn dam bao cac yeu cau ky thuat va chat luong, nha thau su dung mot so bien phap sau: 122 - Giam lqi nhuan dir kien: Ty le loi nhuan dinh mire irtrcrc thue hien doi vdi cdng tac xay lap la 5,5% chi phi xay lap Tuy nhien nha thau hoan toan co the tir nguyen giam loi nhuan dir kien de tang kha nang thang thau - Giam chi phi chung: Chi phi chung bao gom cac chung lien quan den to chirc thi cdng tai hien trudng, bao hicm, bao ho, an toan lao dong va cac cdng tac xay lap duoc tinh theo ty le % so vdi chi phi nhan cdng (tir 55% - phi loai noi chung cd sir han che vi thong thirdng toan bo chi phi chung chi chiem khoang 10%- 15% gia tri goi thau - Giam chi phi true tiep: Chi phi vat lieu, chi phi nhan cdng, chi phi may thi cdng doi vdi cac goi thau xay lap Day la loai chi phi ma nha thau cd co hoi giam nhieu nhat nd phu thuoc vao chinh nang lire san xuat kinh doanh, trinh ky thuat, cdng nghe cua nha thdu Chi phi true tiep dirqc xay dung tren co so cac yeu td: + Khoi luong cdng tac cu the duoc xac dinh tir ho so thiet ke + Don gia cac yeu td chi phi de thirc hien cdng tac dd: Vat lieu, nhan cdng, may thi cdng + Cdng nghe, ky thuat thuc hien + Cac tieu chuan, quy pham phai tuan thu Khi danh gia ho so du thfiu, doi vdi cac mire gia ma nha thau chao thap thfiu hay khong chii you va bat budc phai dirqc xem xet tren cac yeu td tren Ho so du thau dirqc xac dinh lit pha gia thfiu cfin phai bi loai bo cho du vdi muc gia chao thfiu thap cd the mang lai loi ich kinh te cho chu dau tu nhung kha nang xay tieu cue, gian lan va kem chat lirqng la rat cao De dam bao danh gia dung va chong pha gia dau thfiu, cfin thuc hien mot sd giai phap sau: 123 - Ho sa die than cua cac nha than phai cd tinh toan thuyet minh chi tiet cho cac khoi lirqng ho sa die than co sai khac, chenli lech vdi ho sa mdi thau - Phai cd dan gid tinh toan chi tiet cho tirng cong tac phii hap vdi tieu chuan, quy pham vd cong nghe nhd than dp dung - Trong qua trinh xet than, ddi vdi cac dan gid cd khac biet ldn so vdi dir toan mdi than, td chuyen gia tir van xet than plidi phong van nhd than de Idm rd ca sd clido gid cua nhd than Neu cd du can cir de cho rang nhd than pha gid than (chao gid thap han chi phi) thi ho saciia nhd than bi loai - Khdng toan bat ky khodn chi phi phat sinh nao ngoai cac noi dung cong viec dd dirqc neu lio sa mdi than Nhd than phai cam ket gid dq than ma nhd than difti dd dirqc tinh toan day dii theo cac yen can ciia ho sa mdi than vd cac lqi ich cung nlur cac rui ro cd the xay doi vdi nhd than; Nhd than khdng ddi hoi bat cir khodn chi phi plidt sinh nao ngoai trd nhirng lqi ich hqp phap dirqc plidp luat thira nlidn 3.3.4.3 Xay dung he thong quan ly vd cung cap thdng tin daii thau Vdi tir each la co quan quan ly nha nirdc ve thdng tin, bao chf va xuat ban, Bo Van hoa - Thdng tin can phoi hop vdi Bd Ke hoach va Dau tir de nghien ciru cho xuat ban va phat hanh td “Thong tin vd dau thau” Quy che' dau thfiu diroc sira doi bo sung mdi nhat theo Nghi dinh sd 66/2003/ND-CP 12/6/2003 cua Chfnh phii da quy dinh giao Bo Ke' hoach va dau tir la co quan quan ly to thdng tin ve dfiu thfiu, cac noi dung efin dang tai va co quan cung cap thdng tin cho Id Tuy nhien, Nghi dinh chua lam rd muc dich va tfnh chfit hoat dong ciia td thdng tin ve dfiu thfiu Theo quan diem ciia lac gia, xin dd xufit: Day hi tdbdo xuat ban hang tudn mang tinh chat chuyen de ve'dan than nhiim cac muc dich sau: - Cung efip thdng tin vd dfiu thfiu cho cac nha thfiu: Dang cac thdng bao mdi thfiu va ke hoach daii thfiu ciia tat ca cac goi thfiu nudc va quoc te' ma cac nha thfiu Viet nam co kha nang tham du 124 lien quan den dau thfiu - La didn dan trao doi kinh nghiem va tir van chuyen mon cho cac nha thau linh virc dau thfiu - Cong bo cac to chirc, ca nhan va nha thfiu vi pham quy che dau thau bi xu ly - Dang cac thong tin quang cao cho cac doanh nghiep, cac nha thfiu va ngoai nirdc Ngoai viec phat hanh nhir mot td bao binh thirdng, de thuan tien cho viec tra cdu, liru tru, khai thac thong tin, to “Thdng tin dau thdu” cdn phai diroc dira len mang Internet dudi hinh thdc mot td bao dien tir Tuy thuoc lieu luong thdng tin, cac noi dung lien quan can dang tai va nhu cau cua xa hoi ma cd the dieu chinh sd ky va so luong ban cua td bao 3.3.4.4 Siia doi quy dinh ve im'tc gid ban ho so moi than Quy che dfiu thfiu hien hanh quy dinh muc gia cd dinh la 500.000 ddng ap dung chung doi vdi moi goi thfiu dfiu thfiu nudc ma khong tinh den sir khac ve tinh chfit, quy mo, phirc tap ciia cac goi thdu la khdng hop ly Mire gia ban hd so mdi thau qua thap nhieu lam anh hudng den chat luong ciia hd so mdi thfiu duoc phat hanh, dd ddn den sai sot khong dang cd Vi vay, tac gia xin de xuat viec quy dinh gia ban ho so mdi thdu duoc tinh theo ty le % so vdi gia tri goi thfiu vdi mure gia toi thieu la 500.000d /lbo hd so mdi thfiu I 125 KET LEAN Dau thftu la mot nhung bien phap co hieu qua quan ly dau tu xay dung co ban va trien khai thuc hien cac du an Mac du hoat dong dau thau da duoc thirc hien bien nhirng dieu kien cu the cua nudc ta, co che thi trudng mdi bat dan duoc hinh va dang qua trinh phat trien, dau thau v£n la mot hoat dong kha mdi me, cfin tiep tuc duoc nghien ciru va hoan thien De dong gop phfin nao vao viec hoan thien cdng tac dau thfiu cung nhu quan ly cong tac dfiu tu xay dung co ban cua Bo Van hoa - Thdng tin, tac gia da nghien cuu ve “Mot so giai phap hoan thien quan ly Nha nudc ve da'u thau cac dir an dfiu tu xay dung ciia Bo Van hoa - Thdng tin” Trong luan van da thuc hien nghien cuu ve mot so mat sau: - Trinh bay khai quat nhirng van de co so ly luan ve dau thau va qua trinh xay dung he thdng cac van ban quy pham phap luat quan ly cong tac dau thfiu tai Viet Nam Qua dd da killing dinh trim quan cua dfiu thfiu va tfnh tat yeu viec phiii xay dung va hoan thien lie thdng van ban phap luAt vd dau thfiu vii thirc hien quan ly nha mrdc ve dau thau, dong thdi trinh bay nhung noi dung co ban ciia quan ly nha nudc vd dfiu thau - Luan van cung da di sau phan tich hien trang quan ly nha nudc ve dau thfiu tai Bo Van hoa - Thong tin tren co so chirc nang, nhiem vu va to chirc bo may ciia Bo Van hoa - Thong tin vii nhirng yeu cau dat chien luoc phat trien ciia Bo Luan van cung da di sau phan tich nhirng ket qua da dat duoc vii nhung han che', ton tai cdn khac phuc quan ly dfiu thau ciia Bo Van hoa thong tin tren cac mat: Bo may td chuc, quy trinh quan ly, cac van de ve che' chinh sach va phuong phap danh gia lira chon nha thdu 126 Tir nhirng phan tfch thirc trang cong tac dau than cua Bo Van hoa - Thong tin, dira tren co so van dung nhung kien thirc va ly luan vd dau thdu va nhung kinh nghiem due ket tir thuc tien, luan van da dua mot so giai phap nham hoan thien quan ly nha nirdc vd dau thau cac dir an dfiu tu xay dung co ban cua Bo Van hoa - Thdng tin Nhirng giai phap cung co the la nhung goi y va co the ap dung cac Bo, nganh khac, dong thdi nham hoan thien hon quy che dau thfiu hien hanh duoc ban hanh kem theo Nghi dinh 88/1999/ND-CP 1/9/1999, duoc sira doi bo sung theo Nghi dinh sd 14/2000/ND-CP 5/5/2000 ciia Chinh phii Nhung giai phap diroc dat la: 1 loan thien td chirc bo may, to chirc lai co quan chirc nang chuyen mon ve quan ly dfiu thfiu Hoan thien quy trinh td chirc dfiu thfiu Quy dinh vd thuc hien chi dinh thau Quy dinh khung tieu chuan danh gia ho so dir thfiu ap dung thdng nhat doi vdi dfiu thau xay lap va mua sdm hang hoa Hoan thien phirong phap xac dinh gia danh gia xet thau Tang cirdng dao tao, bdi duong, nang cao trinh kien thuc va nang luc ciia doi ngu can bo chuyen mon lTnh virc dfiu tir xay dung co ban va quan ly dau thfiu Mot sd kien nghi va giai phap hoan thien quy che ddu thfiu hien hanh: - Nftng cao hieu lire phap ly, ban hanh “Phap lenh ddu thfiu” - Chong pha gia thfiu - Xay dung he thdng quan ly va cung cdp thdng tin ddu thau Xuat ban va phat hanh td “Thdng tin ve ddu thdu” - Sira doi quy dinh ve le phi ddu thfiu 127 Dau thau la mot linh vuc kha phuc tap va co tinh da nganh No vua mang tinh khoa hoc, khach quan vUa chiu anh hudng cua nhung yeu to mang tinh chu quan Dau thau khong chi anh hudng den quyen loi cua chu dau tu ma tinh canh tranh, no tac dong truc tiep den quyen loi cua nha thau Dau thau la linh vuc chua dung nhieu nguy co co the xay nhung tieu cuc va tham nhung lien quan den khoan ngan sach ldn Do tinh phuc tap cua quan ly dau thau, nhung van de va giai phap dua luan van chac chan la chua toan dien va day du, dong thdi kho tranh khoi nhung khiem khuyet va sai sot han che" ve thdi gian va kien thuc, kinh nghiem cua tac gia Tuy nhien, tac gia hy vong no dong gop duoc phan nao quan ly dau thau va quan ly ddu tu xay dung co ban khong chi doi vdi Bo Van hoa - Thong tin ma doi vdi cac Bo nganh khac ddng thdi gop phan hoan thien quy che dau thau hien hanh Cuoi cung, tac gia luan van xin cam on PGS.TS Dang Dinh Dao la ngudi truc tiep hudng dan khoa hoc; cam on cac thay, co giao Khoa Thuong mai, Khoa Sau Dai hoc Trudng Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan; cam on cac ddng chi' lanh dao va chuyen vien Vu Ke hoach Bo Van hoa -Thong tin, Van phong xet thau Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu; cam on cac ban ddng nghiep da tan tinh hudng dan, giup ve moi mat de hoan luan van 128 TAI LIEU THAM K1IAO Tieng Viet Bo Ke hoach-Diiu tir va Ngan hang the gidi (2002) Tai lieu Hoi nghi tap Iman ddu thdu chuyen sdu - Ha Noi Bo Ke hoach-Dau tir va Ngan hang the gidi (2002), Cdng tdc dau thdu - Tdi lieu tap hud'n dao tao gidng vien ve ddu thdu, Ha Noi Bo Van hoa - Thong tin (2001), Nhiing quy dinh quan ly tai chinh veVan hod - Thong tin, Ha Noi Bo Van hoa - Thong tin (1999), Nien giam thdng ke nganh Vdn hod- Thong tin 1998, Ha Noi Bo Van hoa - Thdng tin (2000), Nien giam thdng ke nganh Vdn hoa- Thong tin 1999, Ha Noi Bo Van hoa - Thdng tin (2001), Nien giam thdng ke nganh Vdn hod- Thong tin 2000, Ha Noi Bo Van hoa - Thdng tin (2002), Nien giam thdng ke nganh Vdn hod- Thong tin 2001, Ha Noi Bo Van hoa - Thdng tin (2002), Nhiing quy dinh phap quy ve Vdn hod - Thdng tin, Ha Noi Cac Bdo cao ve ddu titXDCB vd ddu tlidu ciia Bd VI ITT id 1998- 2002 10 PGS.TS Nguydn Duy Bot (1997), Giao trinh Thitdng mai Quoc te, Trudng DH KTQD - NXB Thdng ke, Ha Noi 11 Cam nang cdng tdc ddu than - NXB Thong ke - Ha noi 1997 12 TS.Mai Van Buu, TS.Phan Kim Chien (2001), Quan ly nhd mtdc ve kinh te (Giao trinli sau dai hoc), NXB Khoa hoc va ky thufit, Ha Noi 13 GS.TS Nguydn Van Chon (1998), Pluto'ng phap lap dit dm ddu tit ngdnli xay ditng, NXB Xay dung, Ha Noi 14 TS Nguydn Trung Dung (1993), Tinh toan vd danh gid die an ddu tit nen kinh te tlii tritdng, NXB Lao dong, Ha Noi 129 15 Nguyen Khoa Diem, (2001), Xay dung vd phat trien nen van hod Viet nam tien tien, dam dd ban sac dan toe, NXB Van hoa-Thdng tin, Ha noi 16 PGS.TS Dang Dinh Dao, PGS.TS Hoang Dire Than (2001), Giao trinh Kinh leThitong mai, Truong DHKTQD - 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