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Mining Methods Mining Methods D E S I G N , S E L E C T S C A L E & T E C H N O L O G Y W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T C L O S U R E I N F R A S T R U C T U R E S E R V I C E S H U M A N R E S O U R C E S F E A S I B I L I T Y ? T E C H N I C A L E C O N O M I C A L N O E N V I R O N M E N T A L S O C I A L P O L I T I C A L N O S U S T A I N A B L E Y E S P L A N & S C H E D U L E S E L E C T M I N I N G ( M I L L I N G ) M E T H O D L O C A T E & D E F I N E D E P O S I T E X P L O R A T I O N  Mining is extracting Mining is extracting ore or minerals from ore or minerals from the ground the ground  An ore is a natural An ore is a natural material with a high material with a high concentration of concentration of economically economically valuable minerals valuable minerals that can be mined that can be mined for a profit for a profit Quặng sắt (hệ tầng sắt phân dải) Quặng vàng  There are two There are two main types of main types of mines. mines. 1) 1) Surface Mining Surface Mining (Placer) (Placer) 2) 2) Subsurface Subsurface Mining (Solution) Mining (Solution)  Underground Underground  Surface Surface  Placer Placer  Leaching/solution Leaching/solution Mining methods What determines the type of What determines the type of mining? mining?  Underground v.s. Surface Mining v.s. Underground v.s. Surface Mining v.s. Solution Solution – Depth of below surface Depth of below surface – Size of the ore body Size of the ore body – Shape of the ore body Shape of the ore body – Grade Grade – Type of Ore Type of Ore http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/images/minmethd.gif Shape of Ore Body  Mineral deposits are on or near the surface Mineral deposits are on or near the surface of the Earth and are removed. of the Earth and are removed.  There are 3 types of surface mines: There are 3 types of surface mines: 1. 1. Open-pi Open-pi t: removes large, near surface t: removes large, near surface deposits of minerals such as gold and copper. deposits of minerals such as gold and copper. Mined downward in layers Mined downward in layers 2. 2. Quarries Quarries : stone, crushed rock, sand, gravel : stone, crushed rock, sand, gravel 3. 3. Strip Mining Strip Mining : removing surface coal in strips : removing surface coal in strips up to 50 m wide x 1 Km long up to 50 m wide x 1 Km long Surface Surface  Strip Strip  open pit open pit  quarry quarry . tầng sắt phân dải) Quặng vàng  There are two There are two main types of main types of mines. mines. 1) 1) Surface Mining Surface Mining (Placer) (Placer) 2) 2) Subsurface Subsurface. deposits of minerals such as gold and copper. Mined downward in layers Mined downward in layers 2. 2. Quarries Quarries : stone, crushed rock, sand, gravel : stone, crushed rock, sand, gravel 3. 3. Strip