Designation A413/A413M − 07 (Reapproved 2012) Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Chain1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A413/A413M; the number immediately following the design[.]
Designation: A413/A413M − 07 (Reapproved 2012) Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Chain1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A413/A413M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense been found by testing to break when a constantly increasing force is applied in direct tension 3.1.1.1 Discussion—This test is a manufacturer’s attribute acceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service Scope* 1.1 This specification covers carbon steel chain for such applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load binding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting 3.1.2 lot, n—for the purpose of acceptance testing, a lot shall consist of 3000 ft [1000 m], or fraction thereof, of the same grade and size chain If a continuous length of chain exceeds 3000 ft [1000 m], it shall also be considered a lot NOTE 1—This specification does not cover carbon steel chain for sprocket applications 1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered: 1.2.1 Grade 30—Proof coil chain 1.2.2 Grade 43—High test chain 1.2.3 Grade 70—Transport chain 3.1.3 proof test, n—quality control tensile test applied to chain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality 3.1.3.1 Discussion—It is the minimum force in pounds or newtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left the producer, under a test in which a constantly increasing force has been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain Proof test loads are a manufacturing integrity test and shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes 1.3 The Grade designation is 1⁄10 of the minimum breaking strength in newtons divided by two times the nominal crosssectional area of the chain in square millimetres 1.4 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way 3.1.4 working load limit (WLL), n—maximum combined static and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall be applied in direct tension to an undamaged straight length of chain Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys Ordering Information 4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this specification Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following: 4.1.1 Product to conform to Specification A413 or A413M and date of issue, 4.1.2 Grade of chain, 4.1.3 Nominal size of chain (in or mm), 4.1.4 Quantity of chain (ft or m), 4.1.5 Length of each piece, if required, 4.1.6 Finish, if required, 4.1.7 Certification of test(s), if required, and 4.1.8 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser, if required Terminology 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, n—minimum force in pounds or newtons at which the chain, during manufacture, has This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.27 on Steel Chain Current edition approved Nov 1, 2012 Published November 2012 Originally approved in 1957 Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A413/A413M – 07 DOI: 10.1520/A0413_A0413M-07R12 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website Material Requirements 5.1 Heat Analysis—The selection of the steel is left to the judgment of the individual chain manufacturer provided the steel meets the following criteria: *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States A413/A413M − 07 (2012) Carbon, max, % Phosphorus, max, % Sulfur, max, % loss of chain integrity Links or chain segments that not withstand the proof test load shall be removed from the chain 0.370 0.048 0.058 9.2 Breaking Force—The breaking force test specimen shall consist of a length from the lot containing at least the number of links in Table All chain that is heat treated shall be in the quenched and tempered condition before the breaking force is measured 9.2.1 Fixtures for securing chain in a testing machine shall be properly designed to support securely the shoulder of the link (see Note 2) The opening in the fixture shall not be more than 125 % of the stock diameter being tested Links engaged in the testing fixture shall not be considered part of the test specimen 5.2 Product Analysis—The steel used may be analyzed by the purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of 5.1 subject to the product analysis tolerances specified in Specification A29/A29M Test samples may be taken from rods, bars, or finished chain Samples for analysis shall be so taken as to represent the full cross section of the specimen 5.3 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751 shall be used for referee purposes Manufacture 6.1 Welding Process—Carbon steel chain may be made by the forge welding, electric welding, or gas welding process NOTE 2—“U” bolts of the same or larger diameter and the same or greater strength may be used to secure the chain to the jaws of the testing machine 6.2 Heat Treatment—Grades 30 and 43 not require heat treatment, but may be heat treated at the manufacturer’s discretion Grade 70, after welding, shall be heat treated Heat treatment shall include quenching and tempering as described in Terminology A941 9.2.2 Test specimens shall meet or exceed the minimum breaking force values given in Tables 1-3 for the appropriate grade and size chain 9.3 Elongation: 9.3.1 All chain which is heat treated (see 6.2) must be in the quenched and tempered condition before the elongation is measured 9.3.2 The elongation test specimen shall consist of a length from the lot containing at least the number of links in Table 9.3.3 A positive load not exceeding 10 % of the proof test shall be applied for determining the original gage length (L{0}) 9.3.4 The elongation shall be based on the total extension at fracture This is expressed as a percentage of the change in length (∆ L) divided by the original gage length (L{0}) The elongation may be determined by the equation below or by autographic recorder or side scale Dimensional Requirements 7.1 The chain shall conform to the dimensional requirements specified in Tables 1-3 for the appropriate grade and size chain 7.2 Diameter—The diameter of the material from which the chain is manufactured shall not be smaller than the material diameter listed in Tables 1-3 within the following tolerance: −7 % Oversized material may be used for all applications Finish 8.1 The manufacturer may apply a surface treatment or finish of their own choice for identification or corrosion resistance unless the customer specifies otherwise The surface treatment or finish shall not alter the chain in a manner that would cause the chain to not meet the other provisions of this standard Elongation ~ % ! $ ∆L/L $ % % 100 where: ∆L = test specimen final length at fracture – test specimen original gage length ( L{0}), and L{0} = original gage length (sum or the inside lengths of the test chain links, not counting the fixture links, or as determined in 9.3.3) Mechanical Requirements 9.1 Proof Test—All chain shall be tested to at least the proof load prescribed in Tables 1-3 for the appropriate grade and size chain When so tested it shall withstand these loads without TABLE Grade 30 Proof Coil Chain Nominal Chain Size mm in mm lb ⁄ 4.0 5.5 7.0 8.0 10.0 11.9 13.0 16.0 20.0 22.0 26.0 0.156 0.217 0.276 0.331 0.394 0.488 0.512 0.630 0.787 0.866 1.02 4.0 5.5 7.0 8.4 10.0 11.9 13.0 16.0 20.0 22.0 26.0 400 800 1300 1900 2650 3700 4500 6900 10 600 12 800 17 900 ⁄ 16 ⁄ 14 ⁄ 16 ⁄ 38 ⁄ 16 ⁄ ⁄ 3⁄ 7⁄ 12 58 Proof Test,A Working Load Limit, max in 18 A Material Diameter kg 180 365 580 860 1200 1680 2030 3130 4800 5810 8140 Minimum Breaking ForceA Inside Length, max Inside Width, lb kN lb kN in mm in mm 800 1600 2600 3800 5300 7400 9000 13 800 21 200 25 600 35 800 3.6 7.2 11.6 16.9 23.6 32.9 40.0 61.3 94.3 114.1 159.1 1600 3200 5200 7600 10 600 14 800 18 000 27 600 42 400 51 200 71 600 7.2 14.4 23.2 33.8 47.2 65.8 80.0 122.6 188.6 228.2 318.2 0.94 0.98 1.24 1.29 1.38 1.64 1.79 2.20 2.76 3.03 3.58 23.9 24.8 31.5 32.8 35.0 41.6 45.5 56.0 70.0 77.0 90.9 0.25 0.30 0.38 0.44 0.55 0.65 0.72 0.79 0.98 1.08 1.25 6.4 7.7 9.8 11.2 14.0 16.6 18.2 20.0 25.0 27.5 31.7 The proof test and minimum breaking force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes (see Section 4) A413/A413M − 07 (2012) TABLE Grade 43 High Test Chain Nominal Chain Size Proof Test,A Working Load Limit, max Minimum Breaking ForceA Inside Length, max Inside Width, in mm in mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in mm in mm ⁄ 7.0 8.7 10.0 11.9 13.0 16.0 20.0 22.0 0.276 0.343 0.406 0.468 0.531 0.630 0.787 0.866 7.0 8.7 10.3 11.9 13.5 16.0 20.0 22.0 2600 3900 5400 7200 9200 13 000 20 200 24 500 1180 1770 2450 3270 4170 5910 9180 11 140 3900 5850 8100 10 800 13 800 19 500 30 300 36 750 17.3 26.0 36.0 48.0 61.3 86.5 134.7 163.3 7800 11 700 16 200 21 600 27 600 39 000 60 600 73 500 34.6 52.0 72.0 96.0 122.6 173.0 269.4 326.6 1.24 1.29 1.38 1.64 1.79 2.20 2.76 3.03 31.5 32.8 35.0 41.6 45.5 56.0 70.0 77.0 0.38 0.44 0.55 0.65 0.72 0.79 0.98 1.08 9.8 11.2 14.0 16.6 18.2 20.0 25.0 27.5 14 ⁄ 16 ⁄ 38 ⁄ 16 ⁄ ⁄ 3⁄ 7⁄ 12 58 A Material Diameter The proof test and minimum breaking force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes (see Section 4) TABLE Grade 70 Transport Chain Nominal Chain Size Proof Test,A Working Load Limit, max Minimum Breaking ForceA in mm in mm lb kg lb kN ⁄ 7.0 8.7 10.0 11.9 13.0 16.0 20.0 0.281 0.343 0.406 0.468 0.531 0.630 0.787 7.0 8.7 10.3 11.9 13.5 16.0 20.0 3150 4700 6600 8750 11 300 15 800 24 700 1430 2130 2990 3970 5130 7170 11 200 6300 9400 13 200 17 500 22 600 31 600 49 400 28.0 41.8 58.7 77.7 100.4 140.4 219.6 14 ⁄ 16 ⁄ 38 ⁄ 16 ⁄ ⁄ 3⁄ 12 58 A Material Diameter lb 12 18 26 35 45 63 98 600 800 400 000 200 200 800 Inside Length, max Inside Width, kN in mm in mm 56.0 83.6 117.4 155.4 200.8 280.8 439.2 1.24 1.29 1.38 1.64 1.79 2.20 2.76 31.5 32.8 35.0 41.6 45.5 56.0 70.0 0.38 0.44 0.55 0.65 0.72 0.79 0.98 9.8 11.2 14.0 16.6 18.2 20.0 25.0 The proof test and minimum breaking force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes (see Section 4) TABLE Mechanical Test Sample Length Requirements Size of Chain Minimum Number of Links in Test Specimen 7⁄32 in [5.5 mm] Larger than 7⁄32 in [5.5 mm] but less than 3⁄4 in [20.0 mm] 3⁄4 in [20.0 mm] and larger tion by the purchaser shall not interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer’s operations All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture, unless otherwise agreed upon 12.3 The purchaser may make the tests to govern acceptance or rejection of the material at their own laboratory or elsewhere Tests and acceptance criteria shall conform to the requirements contained in this specification unless otherwise stated in the purchase order or contract Tests at the purchaser’s laboratory or elsewhere shall be made at the expense of the purchaser 9.3.5 The elongation shall be a minimum of 15 % 9.4 One test for breaking strength and elongation shall be made from each lot The elongation and breaking force tests may be performed at the same time on the same test specimen 13 Rejection and Rehearing 13.1 Materials that fail to conform to the requirements of this specification may be rejected Rejection shall be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing In case of dissatisfaction with the results of any test, the producer or supplier may make claim for a rehearing 10 Retests 10.1 If the original test specimen fails to conform to the requirements in 9.2.2, two additional test specimens from the same lot may be tested, each of which shall conform to the requirements of 9.2.2 If both additional tests are satisfactory, the chain will be considered acceptable 13.2 In the case of dissatisfaction with the results of any test in 12.3, the manufacture may make claim for a rehearing 11 Rework and Retreatment 14 Certification and Reports 11.1 Materials that fail to comply to the requirements as to dimensions and mechanical tests may be resubmitted after being reworked 14.1 A manufacturer’s certification that the chain conforms to Specification A413/A413Mof the date of issue specified shall be furnished when requested on the purchase order or contract 12 Inspection 14.2 When requested on the purchase order or contract, the manufacturer shall furnish a certificate of proof test to the purchaser or his representative 12.1 When requested on the purchase order or contract, the chain shall be free of paint or other coatings which could mask surface discontinuities at the time of inspection 15 Product Marking 12.2 The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s inspector all reasonable facilities necessary to verify that the material is being furnished in accordance with this specification Inspec- 15.1 Body chain links shall not be marked with indented characters A413/A413M − 07 (2012) 15.4 Grade 43 chain shall be marked with the manufacturer’s mark or symbol and shall include 4, 43, or 430 15.2 The 5⁄16 in [8.7 mm] and 3⁄8 in [10 mm] Grade 43 and 70 chain shall be embossed at intervals no greater than ft [0.3 m] All other Grade 43 and 70 chains shall be embossed at intervals no greater than ft [0.9 m] 15.5 Grade 70 chain shall be marked with the manufacturer’s mark or symbol and shall include 7, 70, or 700 15.3 Grade 30 chain, sized 5⁄16 in (8.4 mm) and larger, shall be marked with the manufacturer’s mark or symbol and shall include 3, 30, or 300 16 Keywords 16.1 chain; steel chain SUMMARY OF CHANGES Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A413/A413M – 01) that may impact the use of this standard (Approved Nov 1, 2007.) (4) Revised Section (5) Revised 15.3-15.5 (1) Added 1.3 (2) Revised Section (3) Added new referenced standards to 5.3 and 6.2 ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org) Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/ COPYRIGHT/)