Nguyên nhân thắng lợi cuộc kháng chiến chống nguyên mông của quân dân đại việt thế kỉ xiii

TRUONG DL).I HQC MO THANH PHO HO CHI MINH KHOA XHH & CTXH NGANH DONG NAM A HQC LE THJ HONG TUONG us tai: � A A NGUYEN NHAN THANG LOI • " I\ ,r .z: , , CUOC KHANG CHIEN CHONG NGUYEN - MONG CUA QUAN DAN llt).I Vl�T THE KI XIII "'1 A A - � " KHOA ' LUAN , TOT, NGIDEP " ? , CHUYEN NGANH VAN HOA DONG NAM A KHOA 2007 - 2011 GVHD: Dinh Kim Phuc Tp H6 Chi Minh, thang 08 nam 2011 BS c6 thS hoan kh6a lu�n t6t nghi�p v6i dS tai "Nguyen nhan th�ng lqi CUQC khang chiSn ch6ng Nguyen - Mong cua quan dan D;;ii Vi�t thS ki XIII", toi chan cam on dSn giang vien hu6ng dfin la ThAy Dinh Kim Phuc da giup d6' va hu6ng dfin toi hoan kh6a lu�n t6t nghi�p Va toi cung xin cam on dSn t§.t ca cac thAy co cua khoa Dong Nam A h9c da chi d;;iy, giup d6' toi su6t nam h9c t;;ii mai truong D;;ii h9c Mo Sinh vien thi;rc hi�n Le Thi H6ng Tuong MUCLUC Trang LOI MO DAU 1 Li chqn d� tai 1en cuu • L.JCh su ngh"' , van A dAe ? D6i tucrng va ph�m vi nghien CU11 PhuO'ng phap nghien CU'U Y nghia khoa hqc va y nghia th\fc ti�n BoI C\I.C de• tai PHAN NQI DUNG ChuO'ng BOI CANH LJCH S � ? u THE� KI XIII ? 1.1 SO' lucre cac giai do�n ljch SU' tir lip qu6c gia Van Lang d�n th� Id XIII 1.2 B6 i canh ljch SU' th� Id XIII 1.2.1 D{l,i Vift th€ ki XIII 1.2.2 Di ch€ Nguyen - Mong - Sv hinh thimh va phat triln 10 ChuO'ng BA LAN KHANG CHIEN CHONG QUAN NGUYEN - MONG NGUYEN NHAN THANG LQI 15 2.1 Di�n bi�n va k�t qua I§n khang chi�n ch6ng quan Nguyen - Mong 15 2.1.1 Khang chi€,, ch8ng qunn Xlllll lll'!)'C Mong ciJ Uin thfr nha.t nam 1258 15 2.1.2 Khang chi€n ch8ng qunn Xlllll lll'!)'C Nguyen lfm th{r hai nam 1285 16 2.1.3 Khang chi€n ch8ng quiin xiim lll'!)'C Nguyen [.in th{r nam 1288 20 2.2 Nguyen nhan thiing lq'i CUQC khang chi�n ch6ng Nguyen - Mong cu.a quan dan D�i Vi�t th� Id XIII 22 2.2.1 Thdng l!)'i cita cu{k khang chi€n ch8ng Nguyen - Mong la thdng l!)'i cita kh8i il{l,i iloan kit toan dnn : 22 2.2.1.1 Boan kift triJu ctinh 27 2.2.1.2 Boan kift giiia tu611g lfnh va binh sf : 28 2.2.1.3 Boan kit giiia C(lC Zang xii 29 2.2.2 Cu{k kha11g chii11 cua 11hilll dull ta la ch{nh 11gh'la - khang chii11 hiio Vf 11€11 il{)c lij,p dun t{)c 29 2.2.2.1 Lich sir nuac ta duai thai Ly- Trdn pluit trdn nu;mh va C(lC vua thai Ly- Trdn aiu quan tam baa v¢ adt llUO'C, giaa d11,c long yeu nuac cha nhan dan va binh s'i 30 2.2.2.2 Vo ng{fa xam [U(JC cita quan Nguyen - Mong tran khdp Chau A ain nuac ta bi that bqi biri chu ngh'ia yeu nuac 33 ' 7' ' '• • J • ' 2 N:ghf thU{lAt ch u{IO c,11e11 tranh t a, g101 cua t neu L ran ? A ?0 A ? o A A 2.2.3.1 Ngh¢ thu(j.t chi aqa chitn lu()'c 36 2.2.3.2 Ngh¢ thu(j.t chidn thu(j.t 43 ChU'O'ng Y NGHiA LfCH SUVA BAI HQC KINH NGHl¢M TRONG XAY Dl/NG VA BAo v:¢ T6 Qu6c Hl¢N NAY 45 3.1 Y nghia qch sir 45 3.1.1 Thiing l(li cua Lan khang chiin ch8ng Nguyen - Mong cua du11 t{)c ta llll hao Vf vfrng ch6c nin a{)c fij,p dun t{)c, aij,p tan um mU'U thOll t{nh ' ' Luu dai cua ile quoc Nguyen - Mong 45 3.1.2 Thiing l(li cua Lan khang chiin ch8ng Nguyen - Mong khong chi hiio vj vimg chiic 11€11 il{)c lij,p dun t{)c ma cim giup ilif, t{lo iliiu kijn thuij,n l!)'i cho vijc hiio Vf il{)c lij,p cac quac gia khu V{l'C Dong Nam A 46 3.1.3 Nhirng kinh nghijm cua triiu Tran Lan khang chiin ch8ng Nguyen - Mong van cim giir nguyen gia tr;, van tiip t(lC soi sang S{I' ng/tijp XllY d{l'ng Va hao Vf T/, qu8c hijn 46 3.2 Bai h9c kinh nghi?m xay d\fng va bao v? T6 qu6c hi?n 49 3.2.1 Di xuy d{l'ng cong TJ qu8c Vijt Nam xa h{)i chu nghfa va hiio vj virng chiic 11€11 il{)c lij,p dii11 t{)c, ilirimg Lai cua Dii11g, chfnh sach cua Nha lllrtYC phai tang CU'On ' g JuJ'n 11fra Vi SU'C 11l{lllh CUa kh8i ll{li i/oan kit toan diin 49 3.2.2 Trell CO' SO' SU'C lll{lllh kh8i ll{li iloa11 kit dan t{)c can phiii mO' r{)11g cac mai quail hf qu8c ti i/J kit h!fp SU'C 11l{lllh d6n tpc Vin SU'C 11l {lllh t/tifi ll{li Vl ,b d cong cupc xay {l'llg va ao Vf Lo quoc 51 A A A ? A ? '7'A ' A 3.2.3 Tai niing lanlt ll{lO cua triiu Trim la mvt nhi'mg nguyen 111,an th&ng [(Ii cua tan klufog cltiin ch8ng Nguyen - Mong Vi V{lY tinh hinh ltifn al xay dvng va bao vf TB qu8c, Dang ta can co du'irng /Bi dung a&n ngang tam voi nltifm V{I cua mvt Dang cam quyin 52 3.2.4 Bai hpc nh{ln tltirc 53 KET LU4N 58 TAI LI¢U THAM KHAO 60 LO.IMO DAU Li chon d� tai Lich SU dan t9c ta la lich SU d§.u tranh bSn bi cua qua trinh d\fllg llUO'C va giu nuac, da dS l?i nhung m6c son choi l9i, Ia ban anh ca vs qua trinh dfiu tranh anh dung, kien cuong, bfit khufit cua m9t dan t9c Vi�t Nam nh6 be nhung d§.y phach Dan t9c ta trai qua biSt bao thang tr§.m va biSn d9ng, phai luon d6i d§.u voi cac thS Ive ngo?i bang su6t chiSu dai lich su, dS l?i nhfrng tfim guong anh gful voi cac CUQC khai nghfa va cac CUQC khang chiSn ma SU sach khong thS viSt hSt duqc N6i b�t nhfrng chiSn th�ng vang d9i d6 la chiSnth�ng cua quan dan nha Tr§.n su6t ba mucri nam d§.u tranh ch6ng l?i dS qu6c m� Nguyen - Mong ma v6 ngµa cua chung trai dai tu A sang Au nhung dSn Vi�t Nam, chung phai chu6c 1§.y thfit b?i, T?i Vi�t Nam c6 tinh th§.n chiSn d§.u ngoan cuang nhu v�y? T?i Vi�t Nam c6 thS chiSn thfulg nhfrng ke thu Ian ill?nh g§.p b9i minh? DS tim hiSu nguyen nhan cua S\l' th�ng lqi d6, chung toi quySt dinh ch9n dS tai "Nguyen nhan th�ng lqi CUQC khang chiSn ch6ng Nguyen - Mong cua quan dan D?i Vi�t thS ki XIII" HiSu t?i m9t nuoc nh6 nhu Vi�t Nam c6 thS lam cho quan gi�c phai cui d§.u, dS horn chung ta thfiy tv hao hon vS que huong dfit nuoc, vS tinh thfin ch6ng gi�c ngo?i xam cua t6 tien ta thai truoc Ljch sir nghien cU11 v§n d� ThuQTig tuang, Giao SU Hoang Minh Thao voi cong trinh "Tim hiSu vs t6 tien ta danh gi�c" duqc xufit ban nam 1985, viSt vs truySn th6ng quan S\l' Vi�t Nam lich SU Tac phAm lam n6i b�t tai thao luqc cua ong cha ta va khai quat nhfrng bai h9c kinh nghi�m phong phu va da d?Ug vS m�t chi d?O chiSn tranh, ngh� thu�t quan S\! thong qua cac cu9c chiSn tranh giai ph6ng va chiSn tranh bao v� T6 qu6c lich su dan t9c Trung tuang, Giao su Ph?m H6ng Son voi cong trinh "Ngh� thu�t danh gi�c gifr nuoc cua dan t9c Vi�t Nam", duqc xufit ban nam 1997 Tac gia da trinh bay nhffug vfin dS quan tr9ng nhung CUQC chiSn tranh giai ph6ng va gifr nuoc cua dan t9c ta tu thS ki X dSn thS ki XX, d6ng thoi rut nhung bai h9c vs ngh� thu�t quan sµ truySn th6ng d9c dao cua dan t9c Nguy�n Thi Thu Thuy v&i cong trinh "Vi�t Nam va Dong Nam A thoi ky ch6ng xam lm;rc Nguyen - Mong (thS ky XIII)", duqc xuiit ban nam 2000, tac gia da trinh bay C\l thS cac CUQC d§.u tranh cua nhan dan cac nu&c khu vµc Dong Nam A ch6ng l�i sµ xam luqc cua dS qu6c Nguyen - Mong d6ng thoi tac gia ciing di sau tim hiSu vS sµ lien minh chiSn diiu giua cac qu6c gia dS bao v� nSn d9c l�p dan t9c cua m6i nu&c D6i trrQllg va ph,m vi nghien CU'U DS tai tim hiSu nguyen nhan th5.ng lqi CUQC khang chiSn ch6ng quan xam luqc Nguyen - Mong thS ki XIII cua quan dan D�i Vi�t thoi Trfin Trong ph�m vi nghien cuu cua dS tai, chung ta se c6 cai nhin toan di�n va sau s&c vS CUQC khang chiSn ch6ng quan Nguyen - Mong va nguyen nhan th&ng lqi ma quan dan thai Trfin da d�t duqc bu6i dfiu dµng nu&c va gifr nu&c cua dan t9c Phuong phap nghien CU'U DS tai chu ySu v�n d\lllg phuong phap tiSp c�n lich su thong qua thu th�p, t6ng hqp va phan tich cac ngu6n tu li�u co sach lien quan dSn khoa lu�n t6t nghi�p Y nghia khoa hQc va th\fc ti�n Y nghia thl}'c ti�n Tim hiSu dS tai nay, chung toi l