VAN Qi LAO DONG, Viec LAM VAQUAN vf DAT DAI TRONG QUA TRlNH CONG NGHlEP H6A, OO THI H6A 6 HA NOI HIEN NAY Hoang Xuan Nghia* Ha Noi Thu do cua ea nUdc, la diu nao chinh tri hanh chinh qude gia, trung tam Idn ve van hoa, khoa hoc, giao due dao tao, kinh te va giao lUu qude te. Ndi day dang dien ra cac qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, do thi hoa (CNH, DTH), phat trien kinh te thi trUdng vatang trudng ra't nang dong (vdi to'c do 10-11%/nam). Cd the ndi. Ha Noi dang thay da ddi thit ttoig ngay, tii mot thu do truyen thong trd thanh thu do ngay cang giau dep, van minh, hien dai trong thdi ky hoi nhap. Tuy nhien, cd mat trai do toe do CNH, DTH caovatang trUdng kinh te nong dang gay tac dong tieu cue tdi cac mat chinh tri - xa hoi - do thi -moi trudng va gay ap liic Idn len congtacquan ly, dieu hanh vi mo ndi chung; trong do, lao dong viec lam vacongtac quy hoach, quanly dat dai tren dia ban dang ndi len nhU la nhiing van de ndi com cin phai quan tam giai quyet. 1. Van de thu hoi dat vagiai phong mat bang Trong giai doan trUdc khi md rong dia gidi tii nam 2000-2008, Thanh pho Ha Noi da thiic hien ban giao mat bing khoang 2.000 du an, trong tdng so' gin 3.000 dii an phai thu hoi dat vagiai phong mat bang (GPMB) vdi gin 10.000 ha va hen quan tdi hang van ho dan. Binh quanmoi nam thu hoi khoang 300 dii an vdi tren 1.000 ha. Do'i vdi Ha Noi md rong, chi tinh den 31-8-2008, tren dia ban da cd hdn 800 duan diu tU yeu ciu GPMB vdi quy mo hdn 12.833 ha dat phai thu bdi, lien quan den gin 120.000 td chiic, ho gia dinh va ca nhan; trong do dU kien phai bo' tri tai dinh cU vagiai quyet viec lam cho khoang 18.000 ho^ Ban Do an Quy hoach Thu do mdi hien dang ehd Thu tudng phe duyet da de xuit quy dat do thi tang tii 920 km^ Gan diu) len 1.200 km^ (lin dieu chinh). Nhu vay, dii kien trong vong 20 nam tdi (2011-2030), dat cho do thi se tang 7 lin so vdi 1000 nam phat trien cua Thang long Ha Noi (hien trang dien tich Ha Noi la 180,5km^). Neu thiic hien theo Ban Do an Quy hoach nay thi tdi nam 2030 Ha Noi se phai thu hdi GPMB 102.000 ha dat, chu yeu la dat nong nghiep va phai bd^ tri viec lam, ddi song cho hang trieu nong dan ngoai thanh. Qua trinh do thi h6a, cong nghiep hoa d Ha Noi thdi gian qua thay vi liy dit xau, dit ddi go, dit trung du mien niii, thi lai sii dung ngay cang nhieu dat canh tie, dat liia 2 vu lam do thi va KCN. Rieng trong nam 2008, Ha Noi thu hdi khoang 1.500 ha dat, trong do CO hdn 900 ha dit nong nghiep trong liia 2 vu (gin 2/3 dien tich thu hdi); so' lao dong mit viec lam do chuyen ddi muc dich sii dung dit * Ho^ng Xuan Nghia, Tien si, Vien nghien cvtu phat trien KT - XH Ha Noi. 1 So lieu cua Ban chi dao GPMB Thanh pho, HN, 2009. SA'41 (6/2011) QUANLY KINH TE llli'llj] NGHIEN Clhl TRAO DPI VAN D£ LAO BONG. viec LAM VAQUAN L? DAT DAI TRONG nong nghiep tren dia ban nam 2008 la khoang 40.000 ngUdi. Huyen Thach That, trong tdng sd" gan 2.882 ha da't se thu hdi cd tdi 1.853 ha da't nong nghiep, lien quan tdi 15.618 ho dan. Dang sau nhiing dUan la cau chuyen dai ve ddi song, viec lam cua ngUdi nong dan. Chi rieng xa Van Canh (huyen Hoai Diic) da ed 5 duan vdi tdng dien tich dat se thu hdi len tdi gin 300 ha. Mot can bo UBND xa cho biet: khi tat ea eac duan nay di vao boat dong, gin nhU ngUdi dan trong xa khong con dit canh tie. Ha Noi ciing da xay diing De angiaiphap ho trd dn dinh ddi sdhg, dao tao ngheva viec lam chocac ho dan viing chuyen ddi muc dich sut dung da't nong nghiep, vdi 4 giaiphap dUde dUa ra: thanh lap quy ho trd, dn dinh ddi sohg, phd cap giao due, hoc ngheva tao viec lam cho eac ho dan hi thu hdi tren 30% da't san xua't nong nghiep. Tuy nhien tren thUc te nhiing ho trd nay chUa mang lai hieu qua nhU mong muo'n; da so'nong dan than phien khong cd viec lam, chi mot so' it dUde td ehUc hoc nghe, chuyen ddi nghe. Tao viec lam va dn dinh ddi song chocac ho dan bi thu hdi da't luon la va'n de nong, kho khan nha't trong hau giai phong mat bang. Theo mot dieu tra, sau khi thu hdi da't giai phong mat bing, tren dia ban ed 58% ngUdi dan diing tien den bii xay nha e^a, mua sim tien nghi, do diing; 2,55% ho diu tucho hoe ngheva ehi cd 1,27% ho diu tucho san xua't phi nong nghiep. Nam 2007, trong tdng so' 20.000 lao dong bi thu hdi dat d Ha Noi chi cd ehUa day 5.000 ngUdi dUde hoc nghe (chiem 25% so vdi tdng so' ngUdi dan hi thu hdi dat) va so' dUde bo' tri viec lam con it hdn niia. Nhiing nam qua. Ha Noi tien hanh thu hdi dat giai phong mat bang do'i vdi hang chue van ho dan, trong do hang van ho phai bd^ tri tai dinh cU va chuyen doi nghe, nhUng ciing cd hang van ho ehUa bo' tri dUdc viec lam. Dieu nay dang gay nhieu biic xiie ve ddi sdhg, xa hoi^ Co the ndi rang qua trinh CNH, DTH la mot tat yeu khach quan, ben canh mat tich cUe thi ciing xua't hien cactac dong tieu ciic can dUde tinh den va cd giaiphap kip thdi. Ro rang do toe do do thi hoa qua nong, ma chu yeu do congtac quy hoach vaquanly dieu hanh vi mo, ed congtac quy hoach, quanly Nha nUde ve da't dai vagiai quyet lao dong viec lam eon bat cap, thieu ddng bo va chUa bam sat thiie tiln, da gay ra cac he luy khong mong muo'n, lam cho thanh qua phat trien khong den dUdc v6i tat ca moi ngUdi. Bang ton tai nghich ly Id do thi hoa md tinh trang ngheo doi vdn ton tai vd bat binh ddng trong thu nhap c6 xu hudng ndi rong ra. Mot vin de Idn dat ra cho chinh sach cong nghiep hoa Viet Nam va Ha Noi thdi gian tdi, la cang di vao cong nghiep hoa thi san xuat nong nghiep cang bi thu hep va ngUdi nong dan cang bi tach khoi ruong da't. Viec do thi hoa dit dai, caccong trinh xay diing, nha ciia va lang thon cd the dUde thiie hien theo ke hoach, bing cae bien phap hanh chinh. Tuy nhien qua trinh nay ehi thuc sii thanh cong khi do thi hoa dUdc ngUdi nong dan, do thi hoa dUdc lao dong nong thon ngay chinh tren viing da't ho dang sinh sdhg; tiic la chuyen ddi ho thanh mot cong dan do thi, lao dong phi nong nghiep, de ho hoi nhap vao ddi song va van minh thi trUdng, cong nghiep. 2 Hau giai phong mat bang S Ha Noi: thUc trang vagiai phap. De tM trong diem TP nam 2010. 1 QUAN Lt KINH Tl So 41 (6/2011) VAN eg LAO BONG vi£c LAM VAQUAN LV BAT BAI TRONG NGHIEN ciiu TRAO DPI ^jj^j 2. Tinh trang nhieu dii an cham trien khai hay thi cong keo dai gay lang phi nguon lijfc Duan "treo" la tinh trang kha phd bien va nan giai trong cong tie quanly dit dai, trat tu xay diing va phat trien do thi tai eac thanh phd Idn. Thanh phd Ha Noi dang tdn tai nhiing dii an treo nhU: dii an ehd Cdhg Vi (Ba Dinh) cao 6 tang vdi tdng dien tich san 3000 m^ duan dudng 2,5 km tii khu viic do thi mdi Dinh Cong ra quo'c 16 lA; dUan khu nha d di dan giai phong mat bang Kim Lien La Thanh; dUan cai tao ha ting ky thuat ho Ba Miu, hd Kim Lien; dii an mit giao thong Ciu Tien; dii an bai d6 xe Ho Bung Ca Cacduan nay c6 tham nien hang chuc nam cd le, nhUng tdi nay nhieu hang muc vin chUa khdi dong hoac thi cong dd dang nen cong trinh bi xuong cap, nhieu khu dat Idn cua Ha Noi sau khi giai phong mat bang lai bo hoang hoa thanh bai tap ket vat lieu, phe lieu, tu di§m ma tiiy, toi pham Dieu nay gay lang phi kinh te va anh hudng xau tdi xa hoi moi trUdng, cuoe song va tam ly biic xiic cua ngUdi dan. Theo Bo Tai nguyen vaMoi trUdng, nam 2007 chi tinh cac dii an Idn tai Ha Noi cd 29 duan "treo" vdi tdng dien tich 699 ha, gay lang phi that thoat hang ngan ty ddng, diing thii 5 trong cae tinh thanh cd nhieu dii an "treo" Theo cong bd^ eua Sd Tai nguyen & Moi trudng Thanh phd, tinh tdi 31/12/2007 tren dia ban ed 381 dii an chUa trien khai trong tdng sd 3.401 dii an (tUdng dUdng 4.055 ha/33.143 ha) da giao vacho thue dit tii 1/1/1993^ Duan "treo" ed nhiing nguyen nhan do khau giai phong mat bSng ed nhieu vUdng 3 Thcli bao Doanh nhan so ra ngay 29/04/2008. mic, hoac cd che chinh sach thay ddi din tdi sii chenh lech gia den bii theo thdi diem giiia nhiing ho dan trong ciing mot du an, do khieu kien khien mot so' dii an dang trien khai buoc phai drfng lai thanh tra; c6 nguyen nhan lien quan tdi thu tuc hanh chinh phde tap trong viec len phUdng an den bu, xac nhannguon gdc sxi dung dit; chon nha thau thieu nang liic nen khong du dieu kien thUc hien dUan trong thUc te; luat phapva che tai, thanh kiem tra, giam sat viec tuan thu tien do dU an, thUe hien quy hoach phe duyet chUa nghiem; cuoi ciing, khong the khong ke tdi cd che giao da't va dinh gia thue dit ciia chiing ta con de dai va bit cap nen bi lam dung de gam dit, dau cd dat dai DUdng nhu cd each tinh toin ngim: cU xin dUdc duan la da c6 Idi bac ty rdi. Dieu nay gay cac roi loan phUc tap vequanly thi trUdng dit dai vaquanly kinh te. 3. Van de khieu kien va tranh chap ve dat dai keo dai Mot so' vu viec xay ra trong miy nam qua la dang bao dong. Ngay 13/12/2004 hang tram ngUdi dan dia phUdng da tu tap tan cong lUe lUdng baovevacac dai bieu tham dU budi le khdi congdUan san golf Van Tri thuoc xa Kim Nd (Dong Anh). Tai dia phUdng, cd van de thu hdi dit chocac dii an qua Idn. Ngoai dii an San Golf, con cd cac dii an hd dieu hoa, dii an dUdng 5 keo dai khien 1.000 ho trong tdng so' 2.500 ho dan mit dat. Trung binh eii 1 ho mat dat thi cd 2 lao dong mat viec lam. Mae du nha thiu da phai tang mdc gia den bii tii 2,5 trieu d/sao len 12 trieu d/sao va hd trd them 6 trieu ddng cho mdi ho bi lay dat. Rieng dii an san golf lay 128 ha keo theo 600 ho dan trong vung So 41 (6/2011) QUANLY KINH TE [wn NGHIEN CIJU TRAO DPI VAN BE LAO BONG, VIEC LAM VAQUANLy BAT BAI TRONG mit sinh ke. Nguyen nhan gay roi khong chi do mot so' ngUdi qua khich, ma sau xa con do ngUdi dan c6 ndi lo ling, bat dn ve cuoe sdhg, congan viec lam sau khi thu hdi dat GPMB. Neu khong giai quyet thau dao tinh trang nay se gay kh6 khan thiic hien cae dii anva hau qua xa hoi khon lUdng. Ngoai ra, tren dia ban Thanh pho'con xay ra mot so' vu viec tranh chip, khieu kien ciing lien quan tdi dat dai vagiai phong mat bang. Tham chi, cd vu tranh chap da xay ra x6 xat din den mot so^ nhi e^a, phUdng tien bi ddt chay, eac dien tich liia, hoa mau bi pha hoai, mot so' ngUdi qua khich da c6 nhiing hanh dong tra thii buy hoai tai san, cay trong vat nuoi. Nhiing hien tUdng neu tren khong ehi gay tdn hai ve kinh te, ma hdn the con gay mat dn dinh ve chinh tri xa hoi va sU phat trien ben viing. Theo thdhg ke, tren ea nUde eo tdi 80% trUdng hdp ddn thU khieu kien ciia cong dan lien quan tdi congtacquan ly, tranh chap ve da't dai vagiai phong mat bang. Tren dia ban chi tinh trong vong 5 nam gin day, thuoc tham quyen Thanh pho' da tiep nhanvagiai quyet 1.106 vu viec khieu kien, to' cao; trong do c6 585 vu lien quan den dit dai, xay diing, giai phong mat bang (chiem 53%). Cac quan, huyen tiep nhan 3.305 vu lien quan den dit dai giai phong mat bing (chiem khoang 70% tdng so'ddn thu). Mot sd vu viec sai pham ve dat dai gay bdc xiie trong nhan dan da dUde xii ly theo quy dinh, nhu duan mit giao thong Nga Tu Sd {xii ly can bo cue thue quan Do'ng Da), dii an Quo'c 16 2 xa Minh Tri - Xuan Hoa, huyen Soc Sdn {xii ly can bo Ban quanly dii an huyen), cae duan bai rac Viet Hiing - Dong Anh.v.v ^ Tuy nhien, cac dien hinhgiai quyet ddt diem, kip thdi tranh cha'p khieu kien ciia dan chUa nhieu. Tren thiic te', khong hiem trUdng hdp, can bo do thieu nang lUc va pham chat, da lam dung chiie quyen vacac ke hd cua cd che chinh sach de true Idi ca nhan, gay tdn hai cho Idi ich chung va Idi ich cua ngUdi dan. Mot s6' vu viec hay trUdng hdp da bi phat hien, phe binh, xii lyky luat, buoc dieu chuyen hoac cho thoi viec, tham chi phai truy t6' trach nhiem hinh sU trUdc phap luat. Day la tdn that Idn nhat - tdn tha't can bo va niem tin vao chinh quyen, ben canh mit mit ve tien cua vat chat do lien quan tdi thit thoat, tham nhiing dit dai. 4. Cac han che bat cap trong ctf che, chinh sach quanly nha nufdc ve dat dai Cd the coi day la nguyen nhancuacac nguyen nhan. TUu chung d cac diem sau: Cong tdc quy hoach vd quanly quy hoach dat dai con rat yeu, thieu can ci2 khoa hoc vd thitc tien. Cd hien tUdng lam quy hoach tuy tien va chUa dUdc coi trong, mang tinh hinh thdc. Viec td chiic thiic thi, thanh tra kiem tra va che tai x^ phat vi pham ve dit dai chUa nghiem. Dae biet, edng tac lap quy hoach da't dai khong phai liic nao ciing di trUdc lam cong cu choquanly Nha nU6c. ChUa dam bao sii gan ket, thohg nhat giiia quy hoach dit dai va cae quy hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi khac. Cho tdi nay chiing ta vin thieu mot s6'quy hoach dit dai chuyen nganh tren pham vi ea nUdc, viing va dia phUdng. Nhu thieu quy hoach vecac loai da't cho eac nhu cau phat trien cu the, vi du, da't cho ndng nghiep va trong liia, trong rutng, cay dac san, nuoi trong thuy hai san, dit d6 thi va KCN-KCX, tham ehi la cin 4 Hau giai phong m&t bang ol Ha Noi: thUc trang vagiai phap. De tai trong dilm TP nam 2010. QUAN Lf KINH T£ So 41 (6/2011) VAN Bt LAO BONG, VI£C LAM VAQUAN iif BAT BAI TRONG NGHIEN COU TRAO DPI [^|jj^J quy hoach ca he tho'ng san bay, ben cang, dUdng giao th6ng, khu du lich, san golf tren ca nUdc la bao nhieu? Vi thieu quy hoach chung ma cac dia phUdng cap da't tiiy tien, CO tinh trang so' san golf nhieu hdn ca sd ngUdi chdi golf; ho lam nhU vay vi Idi tich cue bo, nhUng c6 hai cho Idi ich qude gia. Duy tri qua lau cd che hai gia trong tinh boi thiidnggidi phong mat bang vd hach toan chi phi dat dai dau vao chocac doanh nghiep thue dat. Keo theo la duy tri cd che giao dit (hay con goi cd che^xin - cho) ddi vdi cae dii anva nha diu tU. Neu td ehiie dau thiu ciing chi mang tinh hinh thiie, ddi khi dan diing kieu "quan xanh quan do", ma thiic chat la "thdng thiu''. R6't cuoe, ehi nha diu tuva ngUdi ra quyet dinh giao dat dii an dUde hudng Idi, con ngUdi dan va Nha nUde deu bi thiet hai, nhieu trUdng hdp thi tdn thit nay la rit Idn. Theo cac chuyen gia, c6ng tacquanly Nha nude ve dit dai thdi gian qua diia vao cd che 2 gia gia nha nUde quy dinh rat thip so vdi gia trao doi tren thi trUdng thudng cao hdn nhieu lin, tham chi hang chuc hang tram lin, lam that thoat nguon liic Idn va cd ban ciia xa hoi, cd tinh toan la tdi 70 ty USD* Ngoai ra, do kbdng tinh du cae chi phi diu vao la dit dai nen cacduan khdng the hach toan, kinh doanh hieu qua. Theo do, edn kbit dau tuduan de lay dit cii tang len; tinh trang lang phi, tham nhung ve dat dai ciing Idn nha't va ngay cang phiic tap. Mot s6' lieu cong b6', tren ca nUde c6 1.300 can bo, cong chiic bi khdi to', xii ly vi hen quan tdi tham nhiing dit dai. Cong tdc boi thUdng thu hoi dat gidi phong mat bang vi the ciing gap nhieu kho khan, mau thuan nan gidi. Do dinh gia bdi thudng qua thip, nen ngUdi dan c6 thai do bit hdp tie, khieu kien lien mien khong c6 hdi ket. Trong khi cae duan phat trien kinh te xa hoi khong the khdi cong hoac bi keo dai, CO duan vit qua nhieu ed che vdi nhieu nhiem ky lanh dao ma van chUa hoan thanh. Dieu nay lai gay tdn that Idn cho xa hoi, bdi thdi gian keo dai nen ehi chi phat sinh bi doi len nhieu lin, e6ng trinh cham dUa vao khai thac de phuc vu dan sinh va kinh te. Vi du, duan dudng Lac Long Quan tren dia ban quan Tay Hd (Ha Noi) keo dai ngot chuc nam va chi phi tang tii 120 ty len 450 ty ddng; dUan dudng vanh dai 3 keo dai 11 nam vao chi phi tang tii 820 ty len 2.200 ty ddng Ha Noi Cling ndi tieng c6 nhiing con dUdng dat nhit hanh tinh: doan dUdng tii 6 ehd Diia t6i Trung Tu dii kien 750 ty ddng, tUe 40 trieu USD/km; doan dUdng Trin Duy HUng Khuit Duy Tien - Nguyen Trai dU kien 1.300 ty ddng, tiic xap xi 14 trieu USD/km; doan dUdng tii phd Dao Tan tdi de Budi ehi phi cao gip 5 lin miic trung binh the gidi Nghich ly la, dUdng cao to'c the gidi chi mit 1-1,5 trieu USD/km, nhung chiing ta dat tdi ca chuc lin. DUdng nhien, ngoai van de dUan keo dai bi doi chi phi thi con c6 nguyen nhan do quy hoach, quanly dit dai chUa tot khien gia ca va thi trUdng dit dai bien dong manh vdi nhiing eii "so'c" gia chong mat. Thi tri/dng dat dai d niCdc ta, nhat la tren dia bdn Hd Noi, hinh thanh chUa dong bo vd van hdnh thieu on dinh, xay ra hien tr/cfng dau ccf vd tdng gid dot bien, gay hau qua tieu ciXc tdi phan bo nguon lUc vd phan hoa thu nhap cua ddn ciC. C6 the noi, gia dit diu cd va liing doan la he qua doc quyen ciia nhiing nhom Idi ich va mat khac la do bu6ng long quanly nha nUde ve dat dai. Gia dat * Theo GS. Dang Hung Vo. S6'41 (6/2011) QUANLY KINH TE iliUiilj] NGHIEN Cim TRAO DPI VAN Ql LAO BONG, VI£C LAM VAQUAN Lt DAT BAI TRONG liing doan cao mot each phi ly, kh6ng phai do cung ciu hien thiic va kha nang thanh toan eua thi trUdng quyet dinh. Theo cac chuyen gia, binh quan gia dat Ha Noi cao hdn 2 lin so vdi TP Hd Chi Minh, xap xi miic gia cua cae thu do Tokyo eua Nhat Ban, Matxedva cua Nga, Trong khi mat bang thu nhap dan cU, miie hudng dung va kha nang sinh Idi eua dit dai d Ha Noi thap hdn nhieu so vdi cac thanh phd'ldn tren the gidi^. Day la dieu bit hdp ly; hay nhu cau ndi "Ha Noi tac dit tie vang" Su diu cd liing doan day gia qua cao ehi lam Idi cho mot so'ngudi ed quyen luc dae biet vdi thii tai nguyen nay. Trai lai, gay hau qua xa'u ve kinh te - xa hoi: doanh nghiep va ngUdi dan deu gap kho khan khi tiep can nguon liie dat dai, hoac phai chip nhan ehi phi cao de thue mat bang kinh doanh, tao diing nha d. Dieu nay lai khien mdi trudng kinh doanh Thu do kem hip din, siic canh tranh eua hang hoa va doanh nghiep giam siit, gia tang chenh lech dieu kien song va phan hoa giau ngheo. 5. Mot so kien nghi ve hoan thien chinh sach dat dai, lao dong viec lam trong qua trinh do thi hoa vacong nghiep hoa d nxidc ta Nham hoan thien quanly Nha nUde ve dit dai, giai quyet lao dong viec lam trong qua trinh CNH, DTH theo yeu ciu phat trien KTTT dinh hUdng XHCN va hoi nhap eua nUdc ta trong giai doan mdi, chiing toi xin neu mot so' dinh hudng giaiphapcho Ha Noi va ea nUde nhu sau: Thit nhat, khan triicfng tao lap dong bg cdc yeu to' vd the che ccf bdn cua thi tri/dng dat dai. Trong dd, cd td chde san giao dich, cd quan tham dinh gia chuyen nghiep, edng thong tin liiu trii ve nha dit vi xay dUng ehi so' gia BDS (gio'ng nhu ehi so gia vang, dola, chiing khoan). Tang cUdng quanly nha nUdc ddi vdi thi trUdng da't dai, lap lai ky eUdng va trat tu, dUa thi trUdng nay di vao van hanh dn dinh, lanh manh. Thiie hien nhat quan ed che thi trudng trong phan bd nguon lUc dit dai phuc vu chotang trudng va cai thien ddi song nhan dan. Thit hai, dam bao quyen sd hihi toi cao vd quanly thohg nhat cua nhd niCdc ve ddt dai. Nha nUdc td chiic giao dat thong qua dau thiu du an, ap dung cd che gia thi trUdng, kien quyet xoa bd bao cap ve dit dai, chong diu cd va tham nhiing da't dai. ThUc hien phan pho'i lai Idi ich tii dat dai tren nguyen tie nha nude phai thu dia to va miic chenh lech gia do diu tU nha nUdc vao ha ting, do quy hoach va chuyen ddi congnangva quyen sii dung da't dai dem lai. Nhan dan vacac td chiic, doanh nghiep dUde nhan thue dat, giao da't theo gia thi trUdng va eo quyen stf dung dit dn dinh lau dai, dUdc chuyen nhUdng, gop voh va den bii theo thi trUdng ciing vdi trach nhiem tai chinh diy du. ThvC ba, hoan thien cong tdc quy hoach, ke hoach sic dung dat dai. Quy hoach, ke hoach sii dung da't dai phai theo nguyen tic phan bd hdp lyva hieu qua nguon liic da't dai cho eac nhu eiu diu tU phit trien va d6i sohg; nha nUdc lap quy hoach dat dai thohg nha't cho ea nUdc, ttoig viing va dia phUdng, dam bao duy tri quy da't dn dinh chocac yeu ciu ed ban nhu an ninh, quo'c phong, kinh te, dan sinh; viec chuyen ddi congnangva muc dich sii dung dit phai do cac cap c6 tham quyen phe duyet, tham chi d cap cao nha't phe duyet (nhu Qude hoi); ciing cin 5 Thuc trang vagiaiphapgiai quyet nha h cho ngucli thu nhap tha'p 6 Ha Noi. De tai trong diem TP nam 2008. QUAN Lt KINH TE So 41 (6/2011) VAN Dt LAO BONG, VlEC LAM VAQUANLY BAT BAI TRONG NGHIEN CtilU TRAO BOI ^^[j] phai tinh toan chi phi cd hoi va hieu qua kinh te xa hoi diy dii khi ra quyet dinh chuyen ddi, ban che tdi da liy dit nong nghiep, nhat la dat liia cho muc dich cong nghiep dich vu. - Thi2 tii, dieu chinh md hinhcong nghiep hoa, do thi hoa vd to'c do thu hoi ddt gidi phong mat bdng cho phii hdp. Trong bdi canh tai ed ca'u va chuyen ddi mohinhtang trudng hien nay, Thu do cin dUde thiic hien mohinhcong nghiep hoa, do thi boa ben vQng theo nguyen tic gin ket hUu cd giiia cong nghiep boa, dd thi boa vdi giai quyet ddng bo vin de "tam nong''; phat trien nong nghiep, nong thon hai boa ve kinh te - xa hoi do thi moi trUdng. Xay diing nen nong nghiep Thu do theo hudng nong nghiep do thi sinh thai, sii dung congnghecaova tao ra gia tri cao, khai thac hieu qua cacnguon lUc quy gia cua Ha Noi la lao dong va dat dai. Trong do, ngUdi nong dan la chii the sang tao ra cac gia tri mdi va dUdc hudng Idi ich tii qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, do thi boa. Tom lai, xii ly hdi hoa mot quan he giiia phat trien cong nghiep, do thi vd vdn de "tam nong"' dd Id cdch thiic ton tai trong qud khii 1000 ndm cua Thang Long, dong thdi cung Id thdch thiic phdt trien day ky vong cua Thu do Hd Noi trong hien tai vd tUdng laf. Chi tren ed sd giai quyet tdt moiquan he nay, nUdc Viet Nam, trong dd c6 Thu do Ha Noi Thu do cua quo'c gia nong nghiep vdi hen van hien va van minh liia nUdc hang ngan nam tudi, mdi cd the canh tranh, phat trien va trUdng tdn trong thdi dai toan cau hoa va kinh te tri thiic./. 6 Hoang Xuan Nghia: Phat trien kinh te hang h6a Thang Long - Ha Noi, quy luat chung va nhQng bieu hien dac thii. Hoi thao Quoc te Viet Nam hoc Ian thii 2, Dai hoc Quo'c gia Ha Noi., 2009. S6'41 (6/2011) QUANLY KINH TE . cao va tang trUdng kinh te nong dang gay tac dong tieu cue tdi cac mat chinh tri - xa hoi - do thi - moi trudng va gay ap liic Idn len cong tac quan ly, dieu hanh vi mo ndi chung;. loai da't cho eac nhu cau phat trien cu the, vi du, da't cho ndng nghiep va trong liia, trong rutng, cay dac san, nuoi trong thuy hai san, dit d6 thi va KCN-KCX, tham ehi la. dai cho eac nhu eiu diu tU phit trien va d6i sohg; nha nUdc lap quy hoach dat dai thohg nha't cho ea nUdc, ttoig viing va dia phUdng, dam bao duy tri quy da't dn dinh cho