separation process principles 3rd edition

[...]... CONCEPTS 1 Separation Processes 2 1.0Ã Instructional Objectives 2 1.1Ã Industrial Chemical Processes 2 1.2Ã Basic Separation Techniques 5 1.3O Separations by Phase Addition or Creation 7 1.4O Separations by Barriers 11 1.5O Separations by Solid Agents 13 1.6O Separations by External Field or Gradient 14 1.7Ã Component Recoveries and Product Purities 14 Ã 1.8 Separation Factor 18 1.9B Introduction to Bioseparations... Such simple processes that do not require separation operations are very rare, and most chemical and biochemical processes are dominated by separations equipment Many industrial chemical processes involve at least one chemical reactor, accompanied by one or more separation trains [3] An example is the continuous hydration of Figure 1.2 Process for anhydrous HCl production Industrial Chemical Processes... thermodynamic, and transport properties of the species Properties of importance are: C01 09/29/2010 6 Page 6 Chapter 1 Separation Processes Figure 1.6 Basic separation techniques: (a) separation by phase creation; (b) separation by phase addition; (c) separation by barrier; (d) separation by solid agent; (e) separation by force field or gradient Solution 1 Molecular properties Molecular weight van der Waals volume... general separation schematic is shown in Figure 1.5 as a box wherein species and phase separation occur, with arrows to designate feed and product movement The feed and products may be vapor, liquid, or solid; one or more separation operations may be taking place; and the products differ in composition and may differ in phase In each separation Basic Separation Techniques 5 Figure 1.5 General separation process. .. around a separation operation based on specifications of component recovery (split ratios or split fractions) and/or product purity Use the concept of key components and separation factor to measure separation between two key components Understand the concept of sequencing of separation operations, particularly distillation Explain the major differences between chemical and biochemical separation processes... in process simulators such as ASPEN PLUS, CHEMCAD, HYSYS, and SuperPro Designer 1 C01 09/29/2010 Page 2 Chapter 1 Separation Processes §1.0 INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES After completing this chapter, you should be able to:        Explain the role of separation operations in the chemical and biochemical industries Explain what constitutes the separation of a mixture and how each of the five basic separation. ..FTOC 09/16/2010 9:27:31 Page 9 Brief Contents PART 1—FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS Chapter 1 Separation Processes Chapter 2 Thermodynamics of Separation Processes Chapter 3 Mass Transfer and Diffusion Chapter 4 Single Equilibrium Stages and Flash Calculations Chapter 5 Cascades and Hybrid Systems 2 35 85 139 180 PART 2—SEPARATIONS BY PHASE ADDITION OR CREATION Chapter 6 Absorption and Stripping of Dilute... of a new process, experience shows that more separation steps than originally anticipated are usually needed Ethanol is also produced in biochemical fermentation processes that start with plant matter such as barley, corn, sugar cane, wheat, and wood Sometimes a separation operation, such as absorption of SO2 by limestone slurry, is accompanied by a chemical reaction that facilitates the separation. .. by bioseparations Biomass components include carbohydrates, oils, C01 09/29/2010 4 Page 4 Chapter 1 Separation Processes Figure 1.3 Hypothetical process for hydration of ethylene to ethanol and proteins, with carbohydrates considered to be the predominant raw materials for future biorefineries, which may replace coal and petroleum refineries if economics prove favorable [18, 19, 20] Biochemical processes... discuss other examples of products designed by chemical engineers §1.2 BASIC SEPARATION TECHNIQUES The creation of a mixture of chemical species from the separate species is a spontaneous process that requires no energy input The inverse process, separation of a chemical mixture into pure components, is not a spontaneous process and thus requires energy A mixture to be separated may be single or multiphase . biochemical separation processes and how they differ from chemical separation processes. Suggested chapters for several treatments of separa tion processes at the under- graduate level are: SEPARATIONS. CONCEPTS 1. Separation Processes 2 1.0 Ã Instructional Objectives 2 1.1 Ã Industrial Chemical Processes 2 1.2 Ã Basic Separation Techniques 5 1.3 O Separations by Phase Addition or Creation 7 1.4 O Separations. Roper viii Preface to the Third Edition FTOC 09/16/2010 9:27:31 Page 9 Brief Contents PART 1—FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS Chapter 1 Separation Processes 2 Chapter 2 Thermodynamics of Separation Processes 35 Chapter