separation process principles

[...]... Ib,/ft h: SEPARATION PROCESS PRINCIPLES Part 1 Fundamental Concepts In the first five chapters, fundamental concepts are presented that apply to processes for the separation of chemical mixtures Emphasis is on industrial processes, but many of the concepts apply to smallscale separations as well In Chapter 1, the role of separation operations in chemical processes is illustrated Five general separation. .. Explain the role of separation operations in an industrial chemical process Explain what constitutes the separation of a chemical mixture and enumerate the five general separation techniques Explain the use of an energy-separating agent (ESA) and/or a mass-separating agent (MSA) in a separation operation Explain how separations are made by phase creation or phase addition and list the many separation operations... purity 4 Chapter 1 Separation Processes Use the concepts of key components and separation power to measure the degree of separation between two key components Make a selection of feasible separation operations based on factors involving the feed, products, property differences among chemical components, and characteristics of different separation operations I i 1.1 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL PROCESSES The chemical... of classical separation methods, such as distillation, absorption, liquidliquid extraction, leaching, drying, and crystallization, as well as newer methods, such as adsorption and membrane separation Separation operations for gas, liquid, and solid phases are covered Using the principles of separation operations, chemical engineers can successfully develop, design, and operate industrial processes Increasingly,... calculations for a particular separation operation Included in Chapter 5 is a detailed discus~ sian of degrees-of-freedom analysis, which determines the number of allowable specifications for cascades and hybrid systems This type of analysis is used throughout this book, and is widely used in process simulators such as ASPEN PLUS, CHEMCAD, andHYSYS 1 Chapter 1 Separation Processes The separation of chemical... techniques Explain how separations are made by introducing selective barriers and list several separation operations that utilize membranes Explain how separations are made by introducing solid agents and list the three major separation operations that utilize this technique Explain the use of external fields to separate chemical mixtures Calculate component material balances around a separation operation... upon to deal with industrial separation problems on a smaller scale, e.g., manufacture of specialty chemicals by batch processing, recovery of biological solutes, crystal growth of semiconductors, recovery of valuable chemicals from wastes, and the development of products (such as the artificial ludney) that involve the separation of chemical mixtures Many of the separation principles for these smaller-scale... in detail in subsequent chapters Block-JEow diagrams are used to represent chemical processes They indicate, by square or rectangular blocks, chemical reaction and separation steps and, by connecting lines, the major process streams that flow from one processing step to another Considerably more detail is shown in process- JEow diagrams, which also include auxiliary operations and utilize symbols that... product For this process, no separation operations are necessary because complete conversion of chlorine occurs in the reactor A slight excess of hydrogen is used, and the product, consisting of 99% HCI and small amounts of H2, N2, H20, CO, and C02, requires no purification Such simple commercial processes that require no separation of chemical species are very rare Some industrial chemical processes involve... properties important to separation For each technique, equipment types are briefly described Various ways of specifying separation operations are discussed, including component recovery and product purity, and the use of these specifications in making mass balances is illustrated The selection of feasible equipment for a particular separation problem is briefly covered The degree to which a separation can be .