thermal separation technology principles methods process design

[...]... substances the separation of mixtures is an important task for chemical engineers This discipline can be subdivided into thermal, mechanical, chemical, biological, and biomedical processes to effect changes of substances or to avoid such changes Today, an additional objective of thermal separation technology is process engineering and product development A general problem of thermal separation technology. .. Basic Processes for Fractionating Ternary Mixtures .603 11.2.2 Processes with Side Columns .607 11.2.3 Processes with Indirect (Thermal) Column Coupling 612 11.3 Processes for Separating Azeotropic Mixtures 617 11.3.1 Fractionation of Mixtures with Heteroazeotropes 617 11.3.2 Pressure Swing Distillation 619 11.3.3 Processes with Entrainer 620 11.4 Hybrid Processes... of the art than in fluid systems Furthermore, the handling of fluid systems is much easier than the handling of systems with solid phases On the other A Mersmann et al., Thermal Separation Technology: Principles, Methods, Process Design, VDI-Buch, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-12525-6_1, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 1 2 1 Introduction hand, there is a great potential of microporous material with... are well understood then separation processes can be developed and the equipment dimensioned However, with respect to special features of separation technology, a gross subdivision in unit operations is indeed reasonable Therefore, some parts of the book are structured in unit operations according to the principle “from the molecule to the plant.” Methods of conceptual process design are a prerequisite... the conservation of the internal energy u has to be considered It can only be changed by transferring heat dq and work dw across the system boundaries: A Mersmann et al., Thermal Separation Technology: Principles, Methods, Process Design, VDI-Buch, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-12525-6_2, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 11 12 2 Thermodynamic Phase Equilibrium du = dq + dw 1 (2.0-2) Work dw is transferred... 585 10.7 Some Further Drying Processes 590 Contents xix 11 Conceptual Process Design 595 11.1 Processes for Separating Binary Mixtures 596 11.1.1 Concentration of Sulfuric Acid 596 11.1.2 Removal of Ammonia from Wastewater .598 11.1.3 Removal of Hydrogen Chloride from Inert Gases 599 11.1.4 Air separation 601 11.2 Processes for Separating Zeotropic... technology is process engineering and product development A general problem of thermal separation technology is the identification of the most economical process for the separation of mixtures into pure components or specified fractions The separation principles are based on: • Differences of vapor pressures of the components (e.g., evaporation, condensation, distillation, rectification, drying) • Differences... of separation technology should be taken into consideration since in many cases waste streams of worthless side products, large recirculation streams, and mixture which are difficult to separate (water or azeotropic mixtures) can be reduced or avoided from the very beginning Often, there is a good chance to simplify the process and to save energy and raw material Many examples of energy saving in thermal. .. Many examples of energy saving in thermal separation processes are presented in the last chapter of this book In addition, energy saving is a general task for engineers with respect to the carbon dioxide problem Therefore, the first pages of this book deal with process technologies for mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere With respect to process optimization, at first high-efficient... six combustion processes (separation of CO2): Comb(ustion), Compr(ession), Reac(tion), Sep(aration) 6 Fig 1.1-3 1 Introduction Schemes of four combustion processes (sequestration of carbon): Crack(ing) listed in Table 1.1-1 The vapor pressure of carbon dioxide vs temperature is shown in Fig 1.1-4 Carbon dioxide has to be separated from flue gases for instance by absorption or adsorption processes when . Kind • Johann Stichlmair Thermal Separation Technology 123 Alfons Mersmann • Matthias Kind • Johann Stichlmair Thermal Separation Technology Principles, Methods, Process Design Springer Heidelberg. Some Further Drying Processes 590 xviii 9.8.2 Theoretical Model of the Number N of Stages 540 1 Contents xix References 635 11. Conceptual Process Design 595 11.1 Processes for Separating. Gases 599 11.1.4 Air separation 601 11.2 Processes for Separating Zeotropic Multicomponent Mixtures 602 11.2.1 Basic Processes for Fractionating Ternary Mixtures 603 11.2.2 Processes with Side