Lời nói đầu C{c bạn th}n mến ! Khi c{c bạn cầm trên tay t|i liệu n|y tôi cảm thấy rất vui vì chúng ta đã tìm thấy nhau C{c b|i thi Học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh v| c{c b|i thi v|o Trường chuyên, lớp chọn lu[.]
Lời nói đầu C{c bạn th}n mến ! Khi c{c bạn cầm tay t|i liệu n|y cảm thấy vui tìm thấy nhau.C{c b|i thi Học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh v| c{c b|i thi v|o Trường chuyên, lớp chọn luôn l| c{c b|i thi đầy khó khăn, thử th{ch đầy hấp dẫn c{c em có niềm đam mê học Tiếng Anh v| muốn học Tiếng Anh giỏi để sử dụng Tiếng Anh tốt công việc tương lai Một số em chưa đạt kết cao c{c kỳ thi Học sinh giỏi có lẽ c{c em chưa cung cấp c{c kiến thức n}ng cao chương trình học c{ch đầy đủ, c{c em chưa có kỹ l|m b|i thi v| chưa quen c{c dạng b|i thi Chính thế, “Gi{o trình bồi dưỡng Học Sinh Giỏi v| Chuyên Anh cấp THCS‛ biên sọan với mục đích giúp c{c em học sinh tự đ|o s}u kiến thức tảng kiến thức s{ch gi{o khoa, tự mở rộng kiến thức ngôn ngữ, tự ôn luyện c{c dạng b|i thi phổ biến c{c kỳ thi học sinh giỏi để tham gia v| đạt kết cao c{c kỳ thi Học sinh giỏi v| c{c kỳ thi v|o trường chuyên Anh, lớp chọn Cuốn s{ch giúp c{c em phổ thông sở tự trang bị cho vốn kiến n}ng cao, để sau n|y tham gia c{c kỳ thi v|o Cao đẳng, Đại học hay tham gia c{c kỳ thi Tiếng Anh mang tầm quốc tế Cuốn s{ch bao gồm chuyên đề ph}n chia cấu trúc c{c b|i thi học sinh giỏi m| c{c Trường, c{c Th|nh phố, c{c Sở GD (c{c Tỉnh) hay sử dụng c{c b|i thi< Ngữ Ph{p, Từ Vựng, Ngữ Âm, Kỹ Nghe, Nói, Đọc, Viết đặc biệt có tích hợp File nghe gi{o trình đầy đủ giúp c{c em dễ d|ng ôn luyện gặt h{i nhiều th|nh công< T|i liệu có tham khảo ! Tham khảo kỹ viết luận thầy Nguyễn Hải Việt gi{o viên THPT Th{i Nguyên Trích số phần nhỏ từ c{c đề (Đề xuất)Học Sinh Giỏi v| Chuyên Anh c{c sở Gi{o Dục C{c gi{o trình bậc đại học < Contents Page CHAPTER I : VOCABULARY Part I Part II Part III Part IV Part V Word Formations Confusing Words Phrasal Verbs Collocations Idioms 12 24 33 41 Part I Part II CHAPTER II : GRAMMARS Tenses and Sequence of Tenses Subject and Verb Concord 51 59 Part III Part IV Part V Part VI Part VII Part VIII Part IX Part X Part XI Part XII Part XIII Active voice and Passive voice in English Direct and Indirect Speech in English Conditional Sentences Subjunctive Relative Clauses Modal Verbs Inversion and Emphasis in English Conectives Adjective, Adverb and Comparison Gerund and Infinitive Verbs Mixed sentence writing exercises (Advanced) CHAPTER III : PHONETICS Part I Pronunciations Part II Stress CHAPTER IV : COMMUNICATION SKILLS Theory and Practice CHAPTER V : COMPREHENSIVE READING Skill/Theory/Practice CHAPTER VI : WRITING SKILLS Part I Overview of Letter Part II Overview of a Paragraph Part III Essay Writing Overview CHAPTER VII : LISTENING SKILLS Part I Overview of Listening Skills Part II Practices 63 70 78 85 91 98 106 115 127 133 147 156 162 167 178 198 211 223 235 238 CHAPTER I : VOCABULARY PART I : WORD FORMATIONS THEORY Ví trí, chức v| dấu hiệu nhận biết từ loại DANH TỪ(NOUN) Vị trí danh từ c}u Chủ ngữ c}u (đầu cầu, đầu Maths is the subject I like best mệnh đề) 2.Sau tính từ (good, beautiful ), She is a good teacher Sau tính từ sở hữu (my, your, his, His father works in hospital her, ) Cụm danh từ: a/ an the + (adv) + adj + N L|m t}n ngữ, sau động từ I like English We are students Sau "enough" (enough +N) He didn't have enough money to buy that car She is a teacher This book is an interesting book I have a little money to go to the movie Sau c{c mạo từ (a, an, the) Đại từ định (this, that, these, those); Lƣợng từ (each, no, any, a few, a little, ) Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, Thanh is good at literature at Dấu hiệu nhận biết danh từ -ion (distribution), -ment (development), -er (teacher) , -or (actor), -ant (accountant), -age (marriage), -ship (friendship), -sm (enthusiasm), -ity (ability), ness (happiness), -dom (freedom), -ist (terrorist), -ian (physician), -hood (childhood), -ance (importance), -ence (dependence), -ety (society), -ty (honesty) TÍNH TỪ(ADJECTIVE) Vị trí tính từ c}u Trƣớc danh từ: (a/an/the) + (adv) + My Tam is a famous singer adj + N Sau động từ liên kết: be/ seem/ Tom seems tired now appear/ feel/ taste/ look/ keep/get/ The homework keeps me busy all the keep/ make (sb) + adj time Sau "too": S+ be/ seem/look + too Coffee seems too hot for me to drink +adj Trƣớc ‚enough": S + be + adj + She is tall enough to play volleyball enough Trong cấu trúc: so + adj + that The weather was so bad that we decided to stay at home Dùng dƣới c{c dạng so s{nh Meat is more expensive than fish Dùng c}u cảm th{n: How intelligent she is! How + adj +S+V! What a beautiful girl! What + (a/an) + adj +N! Dấu hiệu nhận biết tính từ -ful (helpful), -less (homeless), -ly (friendly), -al (national), -ble (acceptable), ive (active), -ous (famous), -ish (selfish), -y (foggy), -like (childlike), ic (scientific), -ed (bored), -ing (interesting), -ary (necessary), -ant (important), ent (different) TRẠNG TỪ Vị trí trạng từ c}u Trƣớc động từ thƣờng trợ động từ v| động từ thƣờng (đặc biệt l| c{c trạng từ tần suất: always, usually, ) Trƣớc tính từ: be/ feel/look + adv + adj Sau "too": V(thƣờng) + too + adv ! Trƣớc "enough": V(thƣờng) + adv + enough Trong cấu trúc : V(thƣờng) + so + adv + that Đứng cuối c}u (trạng từ thời gian) Thƣờng đứng đầu c}u/ c}u v| c{ch c{c th|nh phần kh{c c}u dấu ‚,‛ They seldom get up early in the morning I have recently finished my homework I don't usually go to school late She is very nice He looks extremely unwell The teacher speaks too quickly The teacher speaks slowly enough for us to understand Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident I finished my essay last week Last summer I came back my home country Its raining hard Tom, however, goes to school Dấu hiệu nhận biết trạng từ: Adv = adj + ly (beautifully, usefully, carefully, strongly, badly) Ngoại lệ: Một số từ có ‚ly‛ nhƣng l| tính từ: daily: h|ng ng|y, early: sớm; elderly: gi|, lớn tuổi; friendly: th}n thiện, likely: có khả xảy ra; costly = đắt đỏ; lively = sinh động, lonely lẻ loi, lovely = đ{ng yêu, manly = nam tính; silly = ngớ ngẩn; ugly = xấu xí; unlikely: khơng có khả xảy ra; monthly: h|ng th{ng; weekly: h|ng tuần, brotherly = nhƣ anh em; comely = duyên d{ng; goodly = có duyên; homely =giản dị, lowly = hèn mọn, masterly = t|i giỏi; scholarly uyên b{c; shapely = d{ng đẹp, timely = lúc; unseemly = khơng phù hợp ĐỘNG TỪ Vị trí trạng từ c}u Thƣờng đứng sau chủ ngữ Lam Anh plays volleyball everyday Đứng sau trạng từ tần suất I usually get up late Dấu hiệu nhận biết động từ -ate (compensate), -ain (maintain); -flect (reflect), -flict (inflict); -spect (respect), scrib (describe), -ceive (deceive), -fy (modify), -isel-ize (realize), -ude (include), ide (devide), dus (evade), -tend (extend), PRACTICES Dạng b|i tập Use the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the following sentences There are some _ to every grammatical rule EXCEPT The engineering sector achieved significant _ last year I have a _ of old records from my grandma He'll _ be coming later Eric Clapton's guitar solos are _ It was one of the most _ plays I've seen recently In her time, Marilyn Monroe was a very _ actress It's _to tell whether he's lying or not He's no worldwide star, but he had very humble _ 10 They took _ of noise levels inside the building 11 He's a really _ person 12 She made several excellent _ in her essay on Charles Dickens 13 Watching TV shows in English is definitely very _ to improve your listening skills 14 The Internet is probably one of the best _ ever 15 The boat was 16 feet in _ 16 Both _ and fluency are important when speaking a foreign language 17 You shouldn't have said that! It was a totally _ remark 18 Since the earliest times, civilisations have understood the _ of time 19 Doing puzzles keeps our brains fit and _ 20 As well as gaining _, by doing puzzles we give our brains a good workout 21 The most _ games have sold in the millions 22 People have _ that doing puzzles is good for you 23 It's easy to find a _ to the problems posed 24 There has been an _ in the power of their brains 25 Some _ argue that the brain gets better at a task the more it repeats it GROW COLLECT SURE LEGEND ENJOY GLAMOUR POSSIBLE BEGIN MEASURE RELY OBSERVE USE INVENT LONG ACCURATE APPROPRIATE IMPORTANT HEALTH SATISFY SUCCESS COVER SOLVE IMPROVE SCIENCE 26 The improvement in the _is something that happens naturally 27 It remains _ whether puzzles are actually helping to boost brainpower or not 28 According to _, most people sleep less than hours every day 29 The advice passed down to our grandparents may contain some _ 30 A good example is the _between being cold and catching a cold 31 These high-heeled shoes are _ for such rough terrain 32 Colds are caused by viruses, so in the _ of a virus, you can't catch a cold 33 You're too young This film is _ for children your age 34 _ now think that we may have viruses in our bodies already 35 In cold weather, for example, blood vessels in the nose get smaller to stop heat escaping _, this also allows the cold virus to attack the nose or throat more easily 36 Victoria Falls in Africa is one of the most _sights in the world 37 It's also an _ place for water sports 38 We need you to provide an accurate _ of the situation 39 On arrival, it's the noise that makes the greatest _ 40 The _ landscape is also well worth a visit 41 There's a post office a bit _down the road 42 Six months after the accident, he still has _ walking 43 I can't play tennis that well because I'm a _ 44 Don't go there It's _ 45 Read this It'll be very _ for your trip to Australia 46 I didn't find him that _, but my friend did 47 The school has a _ for being very up-to-date with technology PERFORM CERTAIN SEARCH TRUE RELATION SUIT ABSENT APPROPRIATE SCIENCE FORTUNATE SPECTACLE CREDIBLE DESCRIBE IMPRESS SURROUND FAR DIFFICULT BEGIN DANGER USE ATTRACT REPUTE 48 These are _clothes and that's why they are very expensive 49 I left the party because it was _ noisy in there 50 I had no _but to tell him 51 This cloth is made from _ fibers 52 If you want to take care of the environment, it's important to _ 53 In the next few years, _ will hopefully have found a cure for malaria 54 According to the _, the epidemic started in Kuala Lumpur 55 _from family and friends can lead to feelings of anxiety 56 I was _ to understand what the problem was 57 There will be a _of solo games and competitive games available 58 Participants will later be asked for _ on the event 59 It was an _reunion and we were all really touched when we remembered how we had met 60 I am writing to ask for further _ on your Open Day 61 This took place at the end of the _ century 62 People really _the party 63 Meditation is great as a means of _ 64 This method is a lot more _than the previous one 65 Picasso was a Spanish _who also lived in France 66 There has been little _ in the negotiations since January 67 _ enough, I didn't know she already had four children 68 His voice was _recognizable 69 The only cure for _ is creativity 70 This is a textile company _ in denim 71 _is a part of life, but you have to be able to enjoy the others too 72 Without that, I wouldn't be happy even if I was DESIGN EXTREME CHOOSE NATURE CYCLE SCIENCE SEARCH ISOLATE ABLE MIX FEED EMOTION INFORM TWENTY JOY RELAX EFFECT ART MOVE SURPRISE INSTANT BORE SPECIAL SAD RICH the _ man in the world 73 The music in the festival was so loud It was _! 74 I don't think my marks can get _ because I already study to the best of my abilities 75 The _ river fish in Europe lives in Spain! 76 Passeig de Gr|cia is being _ so there is more room for people to walk on the pavement 77 I can _ that if you study you will have no problems passing this test 78 Nowadays there are lots of _ species of animals in the world, for example, the panda 79 I was _ to take the driving test by my friends 80 I see they've finally got round to _ the Shoreham road 81 The teacher asked us to _ the main ideas in the chapter we had read in class 82 The top manager of the shop told me that my credit card was not _ to pay for the jeans which cost under 20€ 83 Art in the 20th century is usually referred to as _ art 84 Everybody listens to David Guetta's music It's so _ 85 Butterflies are thoroughly _by scientists 86 She _ the qualities of a good leader 87 Many people don't understand the _ of life 88 It's impossible to tell those twins apart! They are _ 89 He made several wrong _about women 90 It was hard to _ between the two styles of music 91 He hasn't finished the preparation course, so he's not _for this job 92 She was _ by the colour of the plant 93 At the auction, Elton John's car was _ at million euros 94 The _ took place next door at am 95 The main _ of this painting are its bright DEAF HIGH LARGE WIDE SURE DANGER COURAGE WIDE SUMMARY VALIDATE MODERNIZE COMMERCE CLASS EXAMPLE SIMPLE IDENTITY GENERAL DIFFERENCE QUALIFY CAPTIVE VALUE ASSASSIN CHARACTER colours and its sense of perspective 96 _ is important in a relationship STABLE 97 Despite his _ with that type of vehicle, he had FAMILIAR an accident because a cat made him crash into a tree 98 At the best moment of its empire, Rome DOMINANT had _ over all the Mediterranean 99 Nowadays almost everything can be _ thanks COMPUTER to the use of technology 100 I wish I had the _ to that STRONG Dạng b|i tập n}ng cao Complete the passage using the correct form of the words in the capital letters Exercise To neighbors, Mr Stewart is a dull man who speaks very _(1)and whose only form _(2)is his job And to a certain extent it's true, since Mr Stewart finds his job very _(3)He is an antique dealer and goes to work _(4)every day He handles some very _(5)pieces sometimes, which can make his job _(6)as there have recently been quite a few _(7)at antique shops So not _(8), Mr Stewart decided that his own business needed some extra _(9)After having an alarm system put in, Mr Stewart doesn't feel _(10)secure but he does feel more protected (1)POLITE (2)ENTERTAIN (3)INTEREST (4)HAPPY (5)EXPENSE (6)DANGER (7)ROB (8)SURPRISE (9)PROTECT (10)COMPLETE Exercise You may know that Asian, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cultures have _(1)used garlic in their dishes What you may not know is that garlic was also thought of as a _(2)medicine by many ancient civilisations Today, _(3)in the field of nutrition have come up with new _(4)which is indeed quite surprising Apparently, not only is garlic good for you but it also helps overcome various _(5)The main _(6)to eating garlic is of course bad _(7)Cooking it reduces the strong smell and eating parsley, which is a _(8)deodoriser, also helps minimise the smell So, it's time we took the benefits of g arlic _(9)Why not add it to some of your _(10)dishes! (1)TRADITION (2)VALUE (3)PROFESSION (4)INFORM (5)ILL (6)ADVANTAGE (7)BREATH (8)NATURE (9)SERIOUS (10)FAVOUR Exercise Being a _(1), I often have to go on strange assignments So when my editor told me to a story on one of the _(2)health spas in Switzerland, I was only too happy to go and take it easy for a week or two However, when I got there and saw the programme, I began to panic I had to go on a diet and participate in a _(3)of exercise classes My _(4)turned to rage when they insisted I go to bed very early so as to get up at 6:00 a m and eat breakfast in a _(5)which looked like a greenhouse I must admit that they ran an excellent _(6)Anyway, you can imagine how happy I was to (1)JOURNAL (2)FAME (3)VARY (4)ANGRY (5)BUILD (6)ORGANIZE (7)NEIGHBOUR (8)INVITE (9)AMUSE see my familiar _(7)when I finally arrived home A few months later, I received an _(8)rom the same clinic for a week's worth of free treatment My family thought it rather _(9)when they saw the _(10)look on my face (10)FRIGHT Exercise My father was a police _(1), my mother a _(2)Their _(3)to move to a small town when I was a child changed my life It was a very _(4)place and of course living there meant that I had much more _(5)to go wherever I pleased The people were _(6)but I missed my close friends, my school and the _(7)city I had lived in As I grew up, I realized that there wasn't much for a young person to there, except rush into _(8) When I left, my parents were sad, but they realized that staying there would only make me _(9)The big city I live in now is not very far away, so I can visit my parents _(10)and have the best of both worlds (1) INSPECT (2) TEACH) (3) DECIDE (4) PEACE (5) FREE (6) FRIEND (7) NOISE (8) MARRY (9) MISERY (10) FREQUENT Exercise The economic crisis facing many countries today, has created serious _(1)problems _(2)young people, willing to work, are confronted by many _(3)when trying to find a job Filling in countless _(4)forms and hearing that they are _(5)for the job because they don't have the right _(6)can be disheartening Finding a job seems just _(7)However, their _(8)shouldn't affect them nor make them give up There is no straightforward _(9)other than _(10)and persistence (1)EMPLOY (2) ENERGY (3) DIFFICULT (4) APPLY (5) SUIT (6) QUALIFY (7) POSSIBLE (8) DISAPPOINT (9) SOLVE (10) PATIENT Exercise There are a myriad of lifestyle issues affecting the youth of today Such is the pressure heaped on many school-goers to achieve academic excellence by their parents that these _ (1) expectations are causing children to become hopelessly depressed Indeed, some, in their _ (2) to escape and their sense of guilt at being unable reach the levels of success demanded of them by their _ (3) parents, either rebel in what is _ (4) to a cry for help, or, worse still, engage in _ (5) It is no coincidence that suicide rates, expecially amongst young males, have been rising steadily for some time now These are tough times to be a teen Then there are those who get hooked on the internet; the _ (6) world becomes their reality For these teens, their social circle shrinks _ (7) until, at last, their friendship sphere is limited solely to their online _ (8) Not alone they commonly suffer from sleep _ (9) on account of their destructive addiction to game play and net-surfing, their behaviour may become so _ (10) and peculiar over time as to be considered _ (11) And while they sit at their computer screens hidden away in splendid isolation from the real world, (1) REAL (2) DESPAIR (3) PUSH (4) AMOUNT (5) HARM (6) VIRTUE (7) DRAMA (8) BUD (9) PRIVATE (10) ERR (11) SOCIAL (12) ROCKET such is the lack of exercise they get that their calorie intake far exceeds what is necessary for them to maintain a stable weight In essence, due to their sedentary lifestyle, their weight _ (12) until such time as they become morbidly obese Exercise The standard of television programming produced in this country is in terminal decline The _ (1) has become a meaningless term confined in its _ (2) to _ (3) days when adult content felt the full force of censorship and was not allowed to appear on the box until after 9:00 p.m Nowadays, however, it seems anything goes any time And, truth told, whatever anything is, it seldom 'goes' for much longer than a half hour or so at any rate before it is interrupted by a commercial break And don't even get me started on those appalling _ (4) most of the networks run right the way through the night, one after another, for up to thirty minutes at a time lt is truly painful Terrestrial television is now, as far as I am concerned, a laughing stock All the quality has been bought up by the satellite networks, with their big-money weight behind them, but even here _ (5) are slim In protest at the dire state of things, I have become a converted _ (6) I look to the web now to find good content There, I can find just enough _ (7) of quality programmes to prevent myself from falling into utter despair and pining for the good old days of _ (8) (1) SHED (2) APPLY (3) GO (4) INFORM (5) PICK (6) NET (7) RUN (8) YEAR Exercise In January 2001, the _ (1) Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its latest report on climate change Climate models worked out by giant super-computers had become far more reliable since the previous report in 1995 and allowed them to _ (2) the earlier projections for global warming Their conclusions were that something very serious is happening and that it cannot be a natural process The 1990s was the hottest decade for 1,000 years and the Earth is warming faster than at any time in the last 10,000 years According to the report, human activities are _ (3) to blame for the temperature rise The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and, due to deforestation, there are fewer trees to absorb this gas and recycle it back into oxygen Methane _ (4) have also gone up dramatically because of increases in rice culture and _ (5), both of which generate methane from _ (6) vegetation These greenhouses gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere and cause the temperature to rise In the worst case, the resulting melting of ice-caps and glaciers would cause sea levels to rise by up to 88 cm, endangering the homes and _ (7) of tens of millions of people who live in low-lying regions Unfortunately, there is far greater _ (8) among the world’s scientists over the issue than among politicians As long ago as 1990, the IPCC recommended a 60% reduction in carbon dioxide _ (9), as the basic level required to return the planet’s climate to a healthy level (1) GOVERN (2) PRAISE (3) EQUIVOCATE (4) CONCENTRATE (5) CATTLE (6) COMPOSE (7) LIVELY (8) UNANIMOUS (9) EMIT (10) ACT Governments globally failed to _ (10) these proposals Now that the dangers have been reaffirmed by the latest report, it is high time that governments took an active interest in exploring alternative, renewable energy sources Exercise People intuitively recognize the importance of self-esteem to their psychological health, so it isn't particularly remarkable that most of us try to protect and enhance it in ourselves whenever possible What is remarkable is that attention to self-esteem has become a(n) _(1) concern, at least for Americans, who see a favorable opinion of oneself as the central psychological source from which all manner of positive outcomes spring The corollary, that low self-esteem lies at the root of individual and thus _(2) problems and _(3), has sustained an ambitious social agenda for decades Indeed, campaigns to raise people's sense of self-worth abound Consider what transpired in California in the late 1980s Prodded by State Assemblyman John Vasconcellos, Governor George Deukmejian set up a task force on selfesteem and personal and social responsibility Vasconcellos argued that raising self-esteem in young people would reduce crime, teen pregnancy, drug abuse, school _(4) and pollution At one point, he even expressed the hope that these efforts would one day help balance the state budget, a prospect predicated on the observation that people with high _(5) earn more than others and thus pay more in taxes Along with its other activities, the task force assembled a team of scholars to survey the relevant literature The results appeared in a 1989 volume _(6) The Social Importance of Self-Esteem, which stated that "many, if not most, of the major problems plaguing society have roots in the low self-esteem of many of the people who make up society." In reality, the report contained little to support that assertion (1) COMMUNE (2)SOCIETY (3) FUNCTION (4) ACHIEVE (5) REGARD (6) TITLE Exercise 10 Pop art was a(n) _(1) art style in which _(2) objects such as comic strips, soup cans and road signs were used as subject matter, and were often incorporated into the work The pop art movement was largely a British and American cultural phenomenon of the late 1950s and ‘60s Art critic Lawrence Alloway, referring to the prosaic _(3) of its painting and sculpture, named the movement pop art It represented an attempt to return to a more objective and _(4) accepted form of art after the dominance in both the United States and Europe of the highly personal abstract _(5) The art form was iconoclastic, rejecting the _(6) of the ‘high art’ of the past and the _(7) of other contemporary avant-garde art Pop art became a cultural institution because of its close reflection of a particular social situation and because its easily _(8) images were immediately exploited by the mass media Although the critics of pop art describe it as sensational and nonaesthetic, its proponents saw it as an art that was democratic and not _(9), bringing together both connoisseurs and untrained (1) CONVENTION (2) COMMON (3) ICON (4) UNIVERSE (5) EXPRESS (6) SUPREME (7) PRETEND (8) COMPREHEND (9) DISCRIMINATE (10) FAVOUR inexperienced viewers Even though public reaction to pop art was _(10), it found critical acceptance as a form of art suited to the highly technological, mass media-oriented society of western countries PART II : CONFUSING WORDS STT THEORY BẢNG PHÂN BIỆT CÁC TỪ GÂY NHẦM LẪN THƢỜNG GẶP TỪ DỄ NHẦM NGHĨA Uninterested /ʌn’ɪntərestɪd/(a) Lãnh đạm, thờ ơ, không quan t}m, không ý, không để ý Disinterested /dɪ’sɪntrəstɪd/(a) Vô tƣ, không vụ lợi, không cầu lợi Formally /’fɔ:məli/(adv) (một c{ch) thức Formerly /’fɔ:məli/(adv) Trƣớc đ}y Considerable /kən’sɪdərəbl/(a) Rất lớn, to t{t, đ{ng kể Considerate /kən’sɪdərət/(a) Ân cần, chu đ{o; cẩn thận, thận trọng Appreciable /ə’pri:ʃəbl/(a) Có thể đ{nh gi{, thấy rõ đƣợc; đ{ng kể Appreciative /ə’pri:ʃətɪv/(a) Biết thƣởng thức, biết ơn Forgettable /fə’getəbl/(a) Có thể quên đƣợc Forgetful /fə’getfl/(a) Hay quên Expectation /,ekspek’teɪʃn/(n) Sự trông chờ, hy vọng (của ngƣời) Expectancy /ɪk’spektənsi/(n) Sự chờ mong, hy vọng (thƣờng liên quan đến khoảng thời gian đƣợc dự kiến để điều diễn ra) Respectable /rɪ’spektəbl/(a) Đ{ng kính trọng; đứng đắn, đ|ng ho|ng; kh{ lớn, đ{ng kể Respective /rɪ’spektɪv/(a) Riêng ngƣời/vật; tƣơng ứng Respectful /rɪ’spektfl/(a) Thể tơn trọng, tơn kính, lễ phép Comprehensible /,kɒmprɪ’hensəbl/(a) Có thể hiểu đƣợc, lĩnh ngộ Comprehensive /,kɒmprɪ’hensɪv/(a) Bao qu{t, to|n diện Beneficent /bə’nefɪsənt/(a) Hay l|m phúc, hay l|m việc thiện 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Beneficial /,benɪ’fɪʃl/(a) Có ích, có lợi Complimentary /,kɒmplɪ’mentəri/(a) Ca ngợi, mời, biếu Complementary /,kɒmplɪ’mentəri/(a) Bổ sung, bù Farther /’fɑ:ðə(r)/ (a) Xa (thƣờng để khoảng c{ch vật lý) Further /’fɜ:ðə(r)/ (a) Xa (dùng để khoảng c{ch vật lý nhƣ khoảng c{ch kh{c nhƣ khơng gian, thời gian; mức độ); thêm v|o Sensible /’sensəbl/(a) Biết điều, hợp lý, nhận thấy Sensitive /’sensɪtɪv/(a) Nhạy cảm, dễ bị tổn thƣơng, truyền cảm, thông cảm Responsible /rɪ’spɒnsəbl/(a) Chịu tr{ch nhiệm; đ{ng tin cậy Responsive /rɪ’spɒnsɪv/(a) Đ{p lại, phản ứng nhanh nhẹn Successful /sək’sesfl/(a) Th|nh công Successive /sək’sesɪv/(a) Liên tiếp, Classical /’klæsɪkl/(a) Cổ điển, thuộc truyền thống l}u đời Classic /’klæsik/(a) Kinh điển Deadly/’dedli/(a) Chết ngƣời; cực kỳ, Deathly /’deθli/(a) Nhƣ chết Continual /kən’tɪnjʊəl/(a) Liên tục nhƣng có ngắt quãng Continuous /kən’tɪnjʊəs/(a) Liên tục, không ngừng Economical /,i:kə’nɒmɪkl/(a) Tiết kiệm (thời gian, tiền, ) Economic /,i:kə’nɒmɪk/(a) Thuộc kinh tế Specifically /spə’sɪfɪkli/(adv) Đặc biệt (dùng để việc đƣợc thực mục đích đặc biệt n|o đó) Especially /ɪ’speʃəli/(adv) Đặc biệt (dùng để điều m| bạn nói đến có đặc biệt nhiều thứ kh{c) Terrible /’terəbl/(a) Khủng khiếp, tồi, ch{n, không Terrific /tə’rɪfɪk/(a) Tuyệt vời 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Favourite /’feɪvərɪt/(a) Đƣợc yêu thích, yêu thích Favourable /’feɪvərəbl/(a) Thuận lợi, tỏ ý t{n th|nh Awful /’ɔ:ful/(a) Đ{ng sợ, khủng khiếp, mang tính tiêu cực Awesome /’ɔ:səm/(a) Đ{ng kính sợ (miêu tả ngạc nhiên, thú vị, mang tính tích cực) Historical /hɪ’stɒrɪkl/(a) Thuộc lịch sử (thƣờng mơ tả c{i liên quan đến qu{ khứ việc nghiên cứu lịch sử hay c{i đƣợc thực qu{ khứ) Historic /hɪ’stɒrɪk/(a) Có tính chất lịch sử (thƣờng đƣợc dùng để miêu tả c{i quan trọng đến độ ngƣời ta phải ghi nhớ nó) Imaginary /ɪ’mỉdʒɪnəri/(a) Tƣởng tƣợng Imaginative /ɪ’mỉdʒɪnətɪv/(a) Gi|u trí tƣởng tƣợng Imaginable /ɪ’mỉdʒɪnəbl/(a) Có thể tƣởng tƣợng đƣợc Restful /’restfl/(a) Tạo khơng khí nghỉ ngơi thoải m{i, yên tĩnh Restless /’restləs/(a) Luôn động đậy, không yên, bồn chồn Industrial /ɪn’dʌstriəl/(a) Thuộc công nghiệp Industrious /ɪn’dʌstriəs/(a) Cần cù, siêng Dependent /dɪ’pendənt/(a) Dựa v|o, ỷ lại, phụ thuộc Dependable /dɪ’pendəbl/(a) Có thể tin cậy đƣợc Every dayfadv) Mỗi ng|y (trong thời kỳ, giai đoạn), thƣờng xuyên Everyday(a) Thông thƣờng, lệ thƣờng, ng|y Effective /ɪ’fektɪv/(a) Có hiệu (đƣợc dùng để nói việc tạo ra/đạt đƣợc kết nhƣ mong muốn) Efficient /ɪ’fɪʃnt/(a) Có hiệu suất cao (m{y móc cao), nũng suất cao (con ngƣời), dùng để c{ch l|m việc tốt m| khơng phí thời gian, cơng sức, tiền bạc 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Principle /’prɪnsəpl/(a) Nguyên lý, nguyên tắc Principal /’prɪnsəpl/(a) Chính, chủ yếu Later /’leɪtər/(adv) Sau n|y, thời điểm tƣơng lai Latter /’lætər/(n) C{i sau, ngƣời sau (trong số ngƣời) Illicit /ɪ’lɪsɪt/(a) Tr{i phép, lậu, vụng trộm Elicit /ɪ’lɪsɪt/(v) Moi Entrance /’entrəns/(n) Lối v|o, cửa v|o; quyền, khả để v|o nơi n|o Entry /’entri/(n) Sự v|o; qu{ trình ngƣời/vật trở th|nh phần c{i Drastically /’drỉstɪkli/(adv) Một c{ch mạnh mẽ, liệt Dramatically /drə’mætɪkli/(adv) Đột ngột Package /’pỉkɪdʒ/(n) Gói đồ, kiện h|ng, hộp để đóng h|ng Packaging /’pỉkɪdʒɪr)/(n) Bao bì Percent /pə’sent/(n) Phần trăm Percentage /pə’sentɪdʒ/(n) Tỷ lệ phần trăm Desert /’dezət/(n) Rời đi, bỏ đi; sa mạc Dessert /dɪ’zɜ:t/(n) Món tr{ng miệng Felicitate /fə’lɪsɪteɪt/(v) Khen ngợi, chúc mừng Facilitate /fə’sɪlɪteɪt/(v) Tạo điều kiện dễ d|ng Heroin /’herəʊɪn/(n) Heroin, thuốc phiện Heroine /’herəʊɪn/(n) Nữ anh hùng Compliment /’kɒmplɪmənt/(n) Lời khen ngợi, lời chúc mừng Complement /’kɒmplɪment/(n) Phần bổ sung, số lƣợng cần thiết Intensive /ɪn’tensɪv/(a) Tập trung, s}u, nhấn mạnh, kỹ lƣỡng Extensive /ɪk’stensɪv/(a) Rộng, rộng lớn Foul /faʊl/(n) Hơi, bẩn Error /’erə*r+/(n) Sai sót, sai lầm Sometime /’sʌmtaɪm/(adv) Trƣớc kia, nguyên 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 Sometimes /’sʌmtaɪmz/(adv) Đôi khi, đôi lúc Beside /bɪ’saɪd/(prep) Bên cạnh Besides /bɪ’saɪdz/(adv) Ngo|i ra, nữa, Advisory /əd’vaɪzəri/(n) Tƣ vấn Advisable /əd’vaɪzəbl/(n) Nên, đ{ng theo; khôn ngoan Suggested /sə’dʒestɪd/(a) Đƣợc gợi ý Suggestible /sə’dʒestəbl/(a) Dễ bị ảnh hƣởng Ingredient /ɪn’gri:diənt/(n) Th|nh phần (thƣờng đồ ăn) Component /kəm’pəʊnənt/(n) Nh}n tố cấu th|nh (thƣờng dùng m{y móc) Wound /wu:nd/(v) bị thƣơng chiến, đ{nh (bị thƣơng súng, dao, vật đó) Injure /’ɪndʒə(r)/(v) Bị thƣơng tai nạn Confident /’kɒnfɪdənt/(a) Tin tƣởng, tin, tự tin Confidential /,kɒnfɪ’denʃl/(a) Kín, mật Invent /ɪn’vent/(v) Ph{t minh, s{ng chế Discover /dɪs’kʌvə(r)/(v) Ph{t hiện, tìm ra, kh{m ph{ Ignore /ɪg’nɔ:r/(v) L|m ngơ, bỏ qua, không ý tới Neglect /nɪ’glekt/(v) Không quan t}m, lơ l| Found /faʊnd/(v) Th|nh lập, s{ng lập Found /faʊnd/(v) Qu{ khứ đơn v| qu{ khứ ph}n từ động từ ‚find‛ Lie - lied - lied(v) Nói dối (động từ nguyên mẫu v| qu{ khứ, qu{ khứ ph}n từ) Lie - lay - lain(v) Nằm xuống (động từ nguyên mẫu v| qu{ khứ, qu{ khứ ph}n từ) Lay - laid - laid(v) Để, đặt c{i (động từ nguyên mẫu v| qu{ khứ, qu{ khứ ph}n từ) Prolong /prə’lɒŋ/(v) Kéo d|i (ngoại động từ) Last /lɑ:st/(v) Kéo d|i (nội động từ) Drop /drɒp/(v) Rơi, nhảy xuống, giảm xuống (nhiệt độ, gió, mực nƣớc, ) 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Reduce /rɪ’dju:s/ (v) Giảm, hạ (ngoại động từ) Rise /raɪz/(v) Gia tăng số lƣợng (l| nội động từ) Raise /reɪz/(v) Gia tăng, n}ng c{i từ vị trí thấp lên vị trí cao (l| ngoại động từ) Finally /’faɪnəli/(adv) Cuối cùng, để kết luận( đƣợc dùng để giới thiệu điểm, mục cuối hay hỏi c}u sau cùng) Eventually /ɪ’ventʃʊəli/(adv) Rốt cuộc, cuối (để nói xảy giai đoạn cuối loạt kiện, v| thƣờng l| kết chúng) A while Một khoảng thời gian (cụm danh từ) Awhile /ə’waɪl/ Một l{t, chốc (phó từ) Reward /rɪ’wɔ:d/(n) Phần thƣởng, thƣởng (dùng để đền bù hay công nhận nỗ lực, đóng góp, vất vả c{ nh}n; dƣới hình thức tiền hay đƣợc thăng chức) Award /ə’wɔ:d/(n) Trao thƣởng, giải thƣởng (dùng để trao dịp quan trọng, minh chứng th|nh tích, xuất sắc c{ nh}n v| đƣợc hội đồng thông qua, thƣờng dƣới hình thức huy chƣơng, giấy chứng nhận, danh hiệu, cúp, ) Forget /fə’get/(v) Quên, bỏ quên Leave /li:v/(v) Bỏ lại, để lại, bỏ quên (ở nơi n|o đó, có địa điểm cụ thể) Persuade /pə’sweɪd/(v) Thuyết phục l|m hợp lý Convince /kən’vɪns/(v) Thuyết phục tin v|o điều Expand /ɪk’spỉnd/(v) (L|m cho) trở nên lớn kích cỡ, số lƣợng, tầm quan trọng 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Extend /ɪk’stend/(v) L|m cho c{i d|i hơn, thêm rộng hơn, lớn (thƣờng l| nghĩa đen, nhƣ c{i nh|, c{i h|ng r|o, đƣờng, hay khu vực, ); kéo d|i hiệu lực Assurance /ə’ʃɔ:rəns/(n) Đƣợc dùng để ‚bảo hiểm nh}n mạng‛ (life assurance) Khi tham gia hệ thống bảo hiểm n|y, bạn đặn nộp tiền cho công ty bảo hiểm Khi bạn qua đời, th}n nh}n bạn lĩnh đƣợc số tiền Insurance /in’ʃɔ:rəns/(n) Hợp đồng công ty tổ chức xã hội, nh| nƣớc l|m để đảm bảo đền bù, m{t, thiệt hại, ốm đau, việc bạn đóng tiền thƣờng kỳ Stationary /’steɪʃənri/(a) Đứng yên, để chỗ, không thay đổi Stationery /’steɪʃnənri/(n) Văn phòng phẩm Immigrate /’ɪmɪgrənt/(v) Nhập cƣ Migrate /maɪ’greɪt/(v) Di trú (ngƣời, chim) Poster /’pəʊstə(r)/(n) Áp phích lớn, tờ quảng c{o lớn Porter /’pɔ:tə(r)/(n) Công nh}n khu}n v{c, ngƣời trực cổng Drought /draʊt/(n) Hạn h{n Draught /drɑ:ft/(n) Gió lùa Unnecessary /ʌn’nesəsri/(a) Khơng cần thiết (thừa), khơng có lý do, vơ cớ Needless /’ni:dləs/(a) Khơng cần thiết Shadow /’ʃỉdəʊ/(n) Bóng ngƣời hay vật Shade /ʃeɪd/(n) Bóng m{t, bóng r}m Sink /sɪŋk/(v) Chìm ({p dụng cho ngƣời, động vật v| đồ vật) Drown /draʊn/(v) Chết đuối, chết chìm ( dùng nói sinh vật) 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 Lend /lend/(v) Cho mƣợn, cho vay Borrow /’bɒrəʊ/(v) Vay, mƣợn từ Mend /mend/(v) Thƣờng đƣợc sử dụng để diễn tả sửa chữa chất liệu mềm, vật liệu hữu dễ sửa chữa vật tƣợng mang tính tinh thần Repair /rɪ’peər/(v) Dùng phần n|o vật hệ thống cần đƣợc sửa chữa Disuse /dɪs’ju:s/(v) Sự bỏ không dùng đến Misuse /mɪs’ju:z/(v) Dùng sai Recognize /’rekəgnaɪz/(v) Nhận diện (bằng việc nhìn mắt), ph}n biệt, nhận Realize /’rɪəlaɪz/(v) Cảm nhận, nhận biết, nhận thức đƣợc, hiểu Climate /’klaɪmət/ (n) Khí hậu, miền khí hậu Climax /’klaɪmỉks/ (n) Cực điểm, đỉnh Satisfying /’sỉtɪsfaɪɪŋ/ (a) L|m h|i lịng, l|m thoả mãn (nói việc/đồ vật n|o đ{p ứng đƣợc nhu cầu v| yêu cầu bạn v| quan trọng l| cảm gi{c bạn l|m việc/dùng vật Bạn thấy ho|n to|n thỏa mãn/h|i lịng) Satisfactory /,sỉtɪs’fỉktəri/ (a) Vừa lịng, vừa ý; thoả mãn (chỉ việc/vật n|o mức độ h|i lịng ngƣời nói việc/đồ vật dừng mức tạm chấp nhận đƣợc, họ khơng có để than phiền nhƣng khơng thích thú với việc/vật đó) Sacred /’seɪkrɪd/ (a) Thần th{nh, thiêng liêng Scared /skeəd/ (a) Bị hoảng sợ Doggy /’dɒgi/ (n) Chó m{, khốn nạn Dogged /’dɒgɪd/ (a) Bền bỉ, ngoan cƣờng ... 78 85 91 98 10 6 11 5 12 7 13 3 14 7 15 6 16 2 16 7 17 8 19 8 211 223 235 238 CHAPTER I : VOCABULARY PART I : WORD FORMATIONS THEORY Ví trí, chức v| dấu hiệu nhận biết từ loại DANH TỪ(NOUN) Vị trí danh từ... /,kɒmprɪ’hensɪv/(a) Bao qu{t, to|n diện Beneficent /bə’nefɪsənt/(a) Hay l|m phúc, hay l|m việc thiện 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Beneficial /,benɪ’fɪʃl/(a) Có ích, có lợi Complimentary /,kɒmplɪ’mentəri/(a)... listening skills 14 The Internet is probably one of the best _ ever 15 The boat was 16 feet in _ 16 Both _ and fluency are important when speaking a foreign language 17 You shouldn''t