https //iaeme com/Home/journal/IJIERD 12 editor@iaeme com International Journal of Industrial Engineering Research and Development (IJIERD) Volume 13, Issue 1, January December 2022, pp 12 15 Article[.]
International Journal of Industrial Engineering Research and Development (IJIERD) Volume 13, Issue 1, January-December 2022, pp 12-15 Article ID: IJIERD_13_01_002 Available online at https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJIERD?Volume=13&Issue=1 ISSN Print: 0976–6979 and ISSN Online: 0976–6987 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EBS9A © IAEME Publication STUDY OF CHARACTERISTIC ON UREA BIOSENSOR WITH THE EFFECT OF MAGNETIC BEADS Cuong – Thai Hung Dong Nai Technology University, Vietnam ABSTRACT The magnetic beads (MBs) have a great specific surface area for urease immobilization The graphene oxide (GO)/nickel oxide (NiO) double-layered film was exploited as matrix for urea biosensor In this paper, The effect of MBs on urea biosensor was investigated through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and voltage-time (V-T) system The experimental result shown the measurement range was 10 mg/dl to 50 mg/dl, which fell in the normal range of urea concentration in humans Key words: Magnetic beads (MBs), Nickel oxide, Graphene oxide, Urea biosensor Cite this Article: Cuong – Thai Hung, Study of Characteristic on Urea Biosensor with the Effect of Magnetic Beads, International Journal of Industrial Engineering Research and Development, 13(1), 2022, pp 1-11 https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJIERD?Volume=13&Issue=1 INTRODUCTION The urea is an end product for mammals to waste nitrogen [1] The urea determination is important for food, environment, agriculture and clinical processes The urea biosensors have widely been developed, and the various materials have been used to improve the sensing characteristics, such carbon-containing materials, magnetic materials and metal oxides, etc The graphene oxide (GO) has abundant hydroxyl and carboxylic groups so that it can absorb a great quantity of urease effectively [2] The nickel oxide (NiO) has strong electrostatic interaction for effectively binding biomolecules [3] It is also advantageous in electrocatalytic property, basically biocompatibility, high electron transition and oxygen ion conductivity [4, 5] Hence, NiO has seen the increased attention being given in electrochemical sensors The magnetic beads (MBs) are magnetic particles, and belong one of ferromagnetic material MBs have several advantages including the versatility, high surface area, chemical and physical stability, low toxicity and high biocompatibility exhibited [6] According to above, in this work, GO/NiO double-layered film was utilized for sensing film as matrix by urea biosensor The urease as sensing element was immobilized by covalent binding method, and it was mainly due to low diffusion resistance and strong binding force between biocatalyst and matrix [7] MBs were used to enhance the characteristic of urea biosensor The basic principle of urea biosensor is according to the reaction equation (1): https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJIERD 12 editor@iaeme.com Study of Characteristic on Urea Biosensor with the Effect of Magnetic Beads where urea is catalyzed and hydrolyzed by the enzyme urease [8], and which further forms the ammonium ions (NH4+), bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and hydroxide ions (OH-) EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The NiO film was deposited by sputtering, and GO film was deposited on NiO film by titration method The surface morphology of films was performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis Figure showed SEM morphological images of NiO film and GO/NiO film Figure 1(a) shows the NiO film possessed the compact surface From Fig 1(b), obvious multilayer structure could be seen on the surface of GO film, and which indicated GO could increase the surface roughness (a) NiO (b) GO/ NiO film Figure The SEM morphological images The atomic force microscopy (AFM) was adopted to investigate the surface roughness and the characteristics The surface roughnesses of GO//NiO film and MBs/GO/NiO film were 38 nm and 114 nm, respectively It confirms the surface roughness could be effectively promoted by adding MBs The higher surface roughness indicated it had higher surface area, which could achieve higher enzyme loading on matrix [9, 10] Figure The AFM 3D images of (a) GO/NiO and (b) MBs/GO/NiO film https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJIERD 13 editor@iaeme.com Cuong – Thai Hung CONCLUSION The sensing characteristics of urea biosensor were measured through voltage-time (V-T) system The measurement range was 10 mg/dl to 50 mg/dl, which fell in the normal range of urea concentration in humans Table showed the comparisons of sensing characteristics for urea biosensors with urease/GO/NiO and ureaseMBs/GO/NiO sensing films The average sensitivity and linearity of urea biosensor with urease/GO/NiO film were 3.080 mV/(mg/dl) and 0.999, respectively On the other hand, the average sensitivity of urea biosensor with urease-MBs/GO/NiO film was promoted up to 4.842 mV/(mg/dl) Figure showed the responses of urea biosensor with urease-MBs/GO/NiO film for different urea concentrations Table The comparisons of the sensing characteristics for urea biosensors with urease/GO/NiO and urease-MBs/GO/NiO sensing films Figure The sensing characteristics for urea biosensor of MBs/GO/NiO film REFERENCES [1] Paleček, Emil, and Miroslav Fojta "Magnetic beads as versatile tools for electrochemical DNA and protein biosensing." Talanta 74, no (2007): 276-290 [2] Singh, Minni, Neelam Verma, Arun Kumar Garg, and Niha Redhu "Urea biosensors." Sensors and actuators B: chemical 134, no (2008): 345-351 https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJIERD 14 editor@iaeme.com Study of Characteristic on Urea Biosensor with the Effect of Magnetic Beads [3] Botewad, Sunil N., Dhammajyot K Gaikwad, Nitin B Girhe, Hanuman N Thorat, and Pravina P Pawar "Urea biosensors: A comprehensive review." Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry (2021) [4] Singh, Saravjeet, Minakshi Sharma, and Geeta Singh "Recent advancements in urea biosensors for biomedical applications." IET nanobiotechnology 15, no (2021): 358 [5] Özbek, Oguz, Caglar Berkel, Ömer Isildak, and Ibrahim Isildak "Potentiometric urea biosensors." Clinica Chimica Acta 524 (2022): 154-163 [6] Choi, Cheol-Kyun, Samy M Shaban, Byeong-Seok Moon, Do-Gi Pyun, and Dong-Hwan Kim "Smartphone-assisted point-of-care colorimetric biosensor for the detection of urea via pHmediated AgNPs growth." Analytica Chimica Acta 1170 (2021): 338630 [7] Sajwan, Reena K., Purnima Sharma, G B V S Lakshmi, and Pratima R Solanki "Mercaptopropionic acid capped cadmium selenide quantum dots based urea Biosensor." Materials Letters 305 (2021): 130794 [8] Sajwan, Reena K., Purnima Sharma, G B V S Lakshmi, and Pratima R Solanki "Mercaptopropionic acid capped cadmium selenide quantum dots based urea Biosensor." Materials Letters 305 (2021): 130794 [9] Nien, Yu-Hsun, Tzu-Yu Su, Chih-Sung Ho, Jung-Chuan Chou, Chih-Hsien Lai, Po-Yu Kuo, Zhi-Xuan Kang, Zhe-Xin Dong, Tsu-Yang Lai, and Chu-Hsuan Wang "The Analysis of Potentiometric Flexible Arrayed Urea Biosensor Modified by Graphene Oxide and γ-Fe O Nanoparticles." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 67, no 11 (2020): 5104-5110 [10] Selvarajan, Sekar, Ayyadurai Suganthi, and Muthuramalingam Rajarajan "A simple sonochemical approach to fabricate a urea biosensor based on zinc phthalocyanine/graphene oxide/urease bioelectrode." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 42 (2018): 183-192 https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJIERD 15 editor@iaeme.com ... the responses of urea biosensor with urease-MBs/GO/NiO film for different urea concentrations Table The comparisons of the sensing characteristics for urea biosensors with urease/GO/NiO and urease-MBs/GO/NiO.. .Study of Characteristic on Urea Biosensor with the Effect of Magnetic Beads where urea is catalyzed and hydrolyzed by the enzyme urease [8], and which further forms the ammonium ions (NH4+),... sensitivity and linearity of urea biosensor with urease/GO/NiO film were 3.080 mV/(mg/dl) and 0.999, respectively On the other hand, the average sensitivity of urea biosensor with urease-MBs/GO/NiO film