Báo cáo " Quá trình tranh giành quyền “bảo hộ” Campuchia giữa Pháp và Xiêm (1855-1867)" docx

LICH sCr - VAN HOA - XA HQI CHAU AU OUri TRINH TRRNH GIANH QUV€N "BAO Hd" CRMPUCHIfl GICTR PHIIP VJ!| XI^M (1855-1867) PGS.TS. Dang Van Chirgng Ths. Tran Dinh Hung Ths. Nguyen Thanh Tuan trdn dat Campuchia. Ddn cudi ndm 1845, d£iu ndm 1846, Campuchia dat dugc mot hipp udc "trung hda" vdi trieu dinh Chakri (Xiem) va trilu Nguyen (Vidt Nam), mang lgi hda binh cho dat nudc vdi didu kidn la vua Ang Duong (Campuchia) phdi thdn phyc cd hai nudc Idng gidng, nghla la Campuchia phdi ehju sy "bdo hd kep" ciia Xidm vd Vipt Nam'. Day khdng chi Id su thd hidn quyen lyc cda Xiem d Campuchia ma cdn la "van de phdp ly" dd sau ndy Xidm ddu tranh gidnh quyen "bdo hd" Campuchia vdi thyc dan Phap. 1. Qua trinh gianh giat quyen "bao hp" Campuchia giii'a Phdp va Xidm bat nguon td dur djnh ky hifp urdc giira Phap va Campuchia nam 1855 Vuong qudc Campuchia sau mdy Ihl ky hung mgnh, ddn cudi thi ky XIV, dd roi vdo thdi ky khiing hodng, suy ydu nghiem trpng vdi nhidu cupc ehinh bidn dam mdu trong cung dinh, npi bg chia re, mdu thuan phe phdi sdu sdc, tao dieu kidn thudn lgi cho cdc Ihl lye phong kidn Idng gidng can thiep, xdm luge. Trong qud trinh dd, vuong qudc Idng gidng phia ldy bdc cda Campuchia la Ayuthaya vda mdi ra ddi (1350) da ed nhieu tham vpng banh trudng ldnh thd. Cde cudc tdn edng xdm lugc cua Ayuthaya ddi vdi Campuchia tu nda sau the ky XIV trd di edng 1dm cho dat nudc nay thdm suy yeu, thu hep dan vd Idnh thd, vd phdi di ddi kinh dd xudng phia nam. Trudc su o ep lidn tue td phia Ayuthaya, tridu dinh Campuchia phdi tim kilm mdt the lyc ddi trpng de bdo tdn nin ddc lap cua minh. Hp gui mdl phai dodn den Philippines vao dau thd ky XVII dd tim cdch lidn minh vdi Tdy Ban Nha dang cai trj d day nhung khdng thdnh cdng, vi vdy din nam 1623 Campuchia da thilt lap quan he vdi chinh quyen chda Nguyen d Ddng Trong cua Dgi Viet, lu dd dnh hudng vd quydn lyc cua Ayuthaya vd chua Nguyen giao thoa Dd xdc Igp vi thd vd cgnh tranh quyen lyc vdi edc nudc phuang Tdy khdc d khu vyc Ddng Nam A, Phdp dd cd mdl phai bo truyin gido din khu vyc ndy vdo nda sau the ky XVII. Giao sT Louis Chevreuil cda Hdi Paris dugc cu din Campuchia nam 1665 dd giup Paulo d'Acosta gidm myc Gido phan Bang van Chuong, Quan h? Thai -Vi$t Nam cuoi thi ky XVIII-giaa thi ky XIX, Nxb Dai hgc Su Ph9ni, mN6i, 2010, trang 168. Qua trinh tivuth gianh qxigen.' /mo ko 51 Malacca, da gia yeu - truydn bd dao Thien Chua tgi Campuchia. 6ng ddn Phnom Penh vao 21/11/1665 va hogt ddng d ddy eho din nam 1670 . Cdc gido sT hpc tilng Khmer vd truydn gido bdng ngdn ngu bdn xd. Trdn thyc td, hp cd mdi lien he mat thidt vdi lye lugng qudn sy, gidi thuang nhdn va cdc nha chinh tri cua Cdng ty Ddng An Phdp (Compagnie francaise des Indes). Nhu vdy, cd the ndi, td nda sau the ky XVII, Phap da tidn hdnh truydn gido, thdm dd dd chudn bj xam nhap Campuchia ndi ridng vd khu vyc Ddng Nam A ndi chung. Mac du chua thdnh cdng trong vide truyen dgo d Campuchia, nhung "Hdi truyen gido nudc ngodi Paris" (Missions d'Etrangeres de Paris-MEP, hay cdn gpi Id Compagnie de Jesus) (1664) eiia Phdp vdn tidp tuc gin gido sT Bouilleveaux vd Cordier den truydn gido d Campuchia tu dia phan Beryte (ra ddi nam 1658, ed nhidm vu truydn gido d Ddng Trong do Pierre de Lamothe - Lambert de phu trach)^. Hoat ddng truydn dgo cua cde giao sT khdng chi nhdm ddn nhung ngudi ngheo khd, tdng Idp binh ddn ma cdn dung cac phuang thuc ngoai giao dl lidn he vdi nhdng ngudi trong tdng ldp qui l6c, phong kidn thdng tri. Trong qua trinh do, ngudi Phap hilu ro hon vd sy khung hoang nghidm trpng chinh trj bdn-trong vd sdc ep bdn ngoai, vd chu ^ Donald F. Lach, Edwin J. Van Kley, Asia in the Making of Europe. Volume HI: 4 Century of Advance. Book 3: Southeast Asia, University of Chicago Press, 1993, p.ll55. ^' Nguyin Khic Ngu, Lien lgc Viet-Phap thi ky XVII, XVIII, Nxb Nghiin cihi sir dia, Montreal, Canada, 1990, trang 16. quydn vd ldnh thd td phia Xiem khdng ngimg tang ldn doi vdi Campuchia nhat la trong giai dogn cudi the ky XVIII ddn gifta thd ky XIX. Cdc giao sT Phap luu tdm ddn nhung suy tinh chinh tri cua vua Ang Duong (1845-1859) vd cho rdng ddy Id co hdi thieh hgp dd Idi keo Ang Duong di theo Phap. Gidm myc Phdp luc bdy gid d Campuchia Id Miche (Dai didn Tdng tda) dd kheo \6o van ddng vua Campuchia hudng ddn sy quan tdm cua nudc Phdp. Ndm 1853, nha vua bi mat lidn he vdi tridu dinh Phdp, gin mdt bdc thu den vua Napoleon III vdi tdm Idng tdn kinh, hiiu nghi. Ngodi ra, nhd Vua edn gdi bidu hodng de Phdp mdt sd Id vat dd td tinh than thidn, nhung cdc Id vat dd da bi mdt tren dudng di''. Khi nhdn dupe bdc thu ndi trdn cua Ang Duong, Napoleon III xem day la dip may dl thyc hien muu dd bidn vung nay thdnh thi trudng cua Phdp. Nhung vi dang ban tdm vdi nhimg van dd khac ndn phai hai nam sau (1855), hodng de nudc Phdp mdi ed thd phdi mot phai dodn ngoai giao ddn Campuchia^ dd ban thdo vd mdt hidp udc "thuang mgi todn didn" (full-scale commercial) vdi vua Ang Duong. Ngudi dugc chinh phu Phdp giao nhidm vu dd la De Montigny, mdt nha ngogi giao cao cdp, chuydn vd cdc van de d Vidn Ddng vd da timg d Xidm, nhung De Montigny lgi khdng rd mdi quan he phdc tgp gida Xidm vd * David P.Chandler, William R.Roff, John R.W. Smail In Search of Southeast Asia, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1985, p.l26. * John Tully, A short history of Cambodia : from empire to survival, Allen & Unwin, Australia, 2005, p.78-79. 52 NGHIEN CCU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°10 (133}.20l{ Campuchia, nen dd tiet Id nhipm vy ciia minh vdi trilu dinh Xiem* khi gh6 qua ddy. Ngay sau khi bilt y dl eiia thyc ddn Phdp, tridu dinh Xiem Iiln gdi thu khdng cy kich lidt va de dpa vua Ang Duong. Thdi dp chdng ddi gay gdt eua trieu dinh Bangkok Iam cho dng vua ndy sg hai, khdng ddm giao dich vdi phdi bp ctia Phdp, m$c dit Montigny dd ddn Campuchia'. Cuoi cung, Hiep udc dd khdng ky kit dugc. Tuy Hidp udc chua dugc ky kdl nhimg da bdc Id rd y dd xam chidm Campuchia cua thye ddn Phdp va sy ndng long, vdi vdng tim kidm chd dya cua vua Campuchia ma cd IS chua ludng het nhflng hau qud nghidm trpng eua nd. 2. Dien bien cupc dau tranh gianh giat quyen bao hp Campuchia giira Xiem va Phap (1863 -1867) Hai ndm sau khi Phdp tdn cdng Vipt Nam, vua Ang Duong, ngudi Idn ngdi vdi sy ' David P.Chandler, William R.Roff, John R.W. Smail In Search of Southeast Asia, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1985, p. 128. ' Khi Montigny din cang Campot, vua Ang Duong da ph^i mpt ph^i doin quan l^i xu6ng Campot <ik miri Montigni len kinh do Udong, vk nbk Vua cung uy quyen cho Giim myc Miche dupc thuong thdo nhSn danh nhk Vua va hiia h^n sS phe chu4n cic th6a u6c vd\ Phap. Montigny da sopn thao mpt hi^p udc g6m 14 diSu khoan - hai ban bang tieng Phap va hai ban bang ti^ng Campuchia. Ciing vdrj ban hiep udc, Montigny co giri den nha Vua mpt di; thao qui udc nhaimg dao Koh - door cho PhAp. Nhung ca hi^p djnh thircmg mai va qui udc diu khong thirc hi|n dugc (Theo R.Stanlay Thomson, The Establishment of the French Protectorate over Cambodia, The Far Eastern Quarterly, Vol IV, August 1945. No 4, New York: Colombia University Press. Tai li^u do Ng6 Bac djch dang tren http://wvi^.gio-o.com/NgoBac RSThomson 2.htm). "bdo h^ k6p" cda cd trilu dinh Chakri vk trilu dinh Hul, qua ddi (1860). Sau khi Ang Duong m^t, vua Xiem Mongkut dd iing hp vipc dua hodng lu Norodom, v6n id ngudi tfr nhd dugc gido dye trong trilu dinh Xidm, Idn ngai vdng d Campuchia. Tuy dugc Xidm dua Idn Idm vua Campuchia, nhung Xidm Igi chua 1dm Ie tin phong Norodom a Bangkok (theo truyin th6ng) nen chua dupc coi Id vua chinh lhde^ do vgy, dja vj cua Norodom lam thdi ehi nhu mpt quan nhilp chinh, cd thi hi (Xidm) phi bd bdt cd luc ndo! Dd Id y dd chinh trj sau xa cua Xiem ddi vdi Campuchia trong quan he vdi Phdp! Vd phia Phdp, khodng ddu ndm 1861, thdng qua gidm myc Miche, Norodom dd tilp xuc vdi Briere de ITsle, vidn chi huy thuy qudn lyc chiln Phdp d Tay Ninh tai kinh do Oudong vd mong mudn nudc Phap quan tam den Campuchia (Norodom souhaite une action de la France en faveur de son royaume)' vd hai ben da t$ng cho nhau nhung mdn qud quy gid'" . Cdn vl phuong dipn ngogi giao, vien Ianh sy Phj^ tai Bangkok bay td y dinh dl nghj Xiem cdng phdn chia Ianh thd Campuchia vdi Phdp (1861). Nhung Mongkut tu cho minh Id ngudi bao hd chlnh eda Norodom da tit chdi vdi Phdp vl vdn dl Campuchia, vd cho ' Vu Duorng Ninh, Nguyin Van H6ng (1998), Lich sit thegi&i cgn dgi, NXB Gido dye, Ha N^i, trang 430. ' Philippe H^duy, Histoire de I'lndochine la perle de I'Empire (1624-1954), Editions Albin Michel, Paris, p,180. Campuchia t$ng cho Phip 2 con voi quy vd di nghj Phap t$ng cho Campuchia 1 con ngya Ar§p, 2 con ICra Ai Cgp vi mOt chile tSu mdi ch^y bang hoi nirdc. Sau dd nhfhig mdn qud ndy da durpc chuyin dfe Campuchia (Philippe H^duy, sdd, trang 180). Qua trinh tranh gianh qxiyln. hdo k&- 53 rdng cdch ddt vdn dl eda ngudi Phdp nhu vdy la khdng ddng chd''. Nam 1861, Si Votha - ngudi em ut cua Norodom ndi logn, budc vua Norodom phdi chgy ve ldnh nan tgi Batlambang, vd xin su ho trg vii trang cda tridu dinh Bangkok nham gidnh lai ngai vdng. Chinh phu Xidm da dua Norodom vd Campot trdn mdt chide Idu, vd din thdng 3/1862 Norodom dd trd vd thd do. Nhan co hdi ndi bd tridu dinh Campuchia ed biin, mdt chile Ihuydn cua Phdp do dd ddc Chamer ehi huy dugc ed den Phnom Penh vdi cd bdo vd nhdng nhd truyen gido cua Phdp tgi ddy. Chamer da quan tam ddn tinh hinh Campuchia ngay td thdng 3/1861, khi dng cd mdt sT quan tdi gdp vd ndi vdi Norodom rdng, Phdp quydt dinh sd chidm ddng Nam Ky vTnh vidn vd tha thidt giup Campuchia duy tri ndn ty do cua minh. Trudc tinh hinh dd, Norodom da gdi thu cho vua Mongkut ndu rd nguy co "An Nam vd Campuchia se vinh viin bi Phdp dd hd" vd bay td rdng "chung tdi se sdn sdng trd lai nguai Phdp rdng, ngay tir thai ky cdm quyin cua cha tdi (Ang Duong) Campuchia vdn chi cdng nhgn Xiim Id tdn chii cua minh."* Ngudi Phdp cd gdng tim mdt "cdi ed cd tinh phdp ly" dl can thiep vdo Campuchia, do la; Sau khi chidm ba tinh miln Ddng " Dao Minh Hdng, Chinh sdeh ddi ngogi cua Thai Lan (Xiem) cudi thi ki XDC ddu thi ki XX, LuSn dn Tiin sTLjch sii, Thdnh phi H6 Chl Minh, 2001, trang 62. (Din theo Nguyin Thdnh TuSn, Quan hi Xiem - Phap vi vSn de Campuchia vh Lho lie nua sau thi ky XIX din ddu thi ky XX, Lugn van thae si Sic hpc. Hue, 2009). '^ Dao Minh Hdng, sdd, trang 62. Nam Ky eua Vidt Nam, ky Hidp udc Nhdm Tudi (1862) vdi trilu dinh Hul, ngudi Phdp ty cho minh ed quyen thay Ihl nhd Nguydn trong vai trd "bao hp" doi vdi Campuchia; Vi Campuchia cung Id xu thudc dia eda Viet Nam trudc ddy vd trieu cdng hdng ndm cho Vipt Nam. Ddy Id cdch lap Iudn eho vipc "bdo hp", l4n chiem Campuchia cda thyc ddn Phdp luc bdy gid. Thyc chat vi Campuchia khdng chi la phidn ddu cho xd Nam Ky thuOc Phdp ma cdn Id noi gidu cd vd tidm ndng kinh td, nhdt Id ngudn Igi thuy hdi sdn ddc bidt phong phu d Bidn H6 vd Id eon dudng thuy cd thd di ngugc Idn Lao va thdm nhdp sdu vdo vung Vdn Nam (Trung Qudc) rdng ldn, noi dd qudc Anh ciing dang nhdm tdi. Cimg vdi cdc thu doan trdn, thdng 6/1863, Phdp da tien them mdt budc trong dm muu xdm lugc bdng each didu dpng mpt phdo thuydn va cd sT quan cao cdp Doudart de Lagree tu Nam Ky sang Campuchia vdi danh nghia xay dyng cdn cu thuy quan cda Phdp d day. Didu ndy cho phep Phdp ndm chdc hon tinh hinh Campuchia, trdn an tinh thdn Norodom va tidn ddn Ioai bd anh hudng cua Xidm ra khdi Campuchia dd "bdo hO" dat nudc nay. Ve phia Campuchia, "Norodom muon difa vdo sue mgnh cua Phdp di chdng lgi su chen ep eua Xiem ddi v&i Campuchia, nhung Norodom rdt lo lang cho dia vi Idm vua chua chinh thuc cua minh vd dang 54 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°10 (133).20lf mong dgi dugc trieu dinh Xiim cdng nhdn"^^ Bill dugc thdi d^ do dy tren cda Norodom, ngdy 3/8/1863, vdi tu cdch Id loan quyen mdi ciia Phdp d Nam Ky, dd doc La Grandiere dd dich thdn tdi kinh do ciia Campucliia vdi muc dich bilu duong sdc manh ciia nudc Phdp vd thuyet phyc vua Norodom hdy lin tudng va ydn tam dya vdo Phdp. Trudc dp lyc qudn sy tryc tilp ciia La Grandiere vdi sy Irung gian eiia gidm myc Miche, ngdy 11/8/1863, Norodom dd bu0c phdi ky "hidp udc ddy hda hpn" (un accord prometteur) vdi La Grandiere. Ddy khdng phdi Id hidp udc bdo hp cua Phdp ddi vdi Campuchia nhung cd y nghia tuang ly nhu thd'"*- Ndi dung co bdn cua Hidp udc Id: Phdp nhdn bdo hg Campuchia, giao tiip ky ket cdc vdn ban ngogi giao cua Campuchia v&i nu&c khdc phdi dugc Phdp ddng -y, Campuchia thica nhdn quyin ldnh sir tdi phdp eda Phdp, hdng hod Phdp nhdp vdo Campuchia dugc mien thui vd Phdp dugc tu do truyin gido*^. Vdi npi dung cda Hidp ude ndy, chu quydn qudc gia Campuchia bj Id thupc vdo Phap vd Phdp tin rdng hp trd thdnh kd "bdo hd" Campuchia. " Pham Viet Tmng, Nguyin XuSn K^, Do Van Nhung, Lich su Campuchia (tie nguon gdc din nay), NXB Dgi hpc va Trung hpc chuyin nghi?p. Ha N0i, 1982, trang, 170. '* Philippe Hdduy, Histoire de I'lndochine la perle de I'Empire (1624-1954), Editions Albin Michel, Paris, p.181. '* Vu Duong Ninh, Nguyen Van Hing (1998), Lich su thi gicri cgn dgi, NXB Giao dye, Ha N^i, trang,431. Trudc tinh hinh dd, Xidm tim each chdng Igi Phdp mpt cdch gay gdt de bdo ve quyln "bdo h$", quyln Igi cua mmh 6 Campuchia. Xidm gui ngay sd bp cua minh den Oudong de phdn doi vd gay dp luc, nhdt Id d6i vdi Norodom, vi Norodom chua dupc Xiem phong vuong chinh thuc. Trudc dp lire dd, Norodom lai phdi k^ Hipp udc Bi mat vdi Xidm vdo thdng 12/1863. Npi dung co bdn Clia Hi^p udc nay Id Campuchia chip nhdn Ip thudc vdo Xiem vd cdt nhugng cho Xidm edc tinh Pursat vd Campongsoai, cdn vua Xidm hda sd Idm le phong vuong chinh thdc cho Norodom trong mpt ngdy gdn nhat d Bangkok. Nhu vgy, Xidm da thdnh edng troi^ viec loi keo, gay sdc dp bupc Norodom phai ky hidp udc cdng nhdn sy "bdo hp" ciia Xidm tuc la chdng lai am muu "bdo hp" Campuchia cua Phdp. Td dd, Campuchia da trd thdnh noi tranh chip, gidnh giat giua Xidm va Phdp cho ddn cudi thi ky XIX dau thd ky XX. Tuy Hidp udc Campuchia - Xidm dupc ky bi mgt, nhung tin tdc ndy ciing dd truydn ddn Phdp 1dm cho chinh quyln ciia vua Napoleon III phdn dng dd ddi. Thang 3/1864, ldnh su Phap Gabriel Aubaret da duge phdi tdi Xiem. Aubaret ydu elu Xiem phdi nit hit quan dpi ra khdi Campuchia va td bd quyen "bdo hg" cda hp d ddy. Ddp lgi, vdo thdng 3/1864, Xiem thiSc giyc Norodom din Bangkok dl nh|ta ll phong vuong. Khi phdi doan nhd vua vvra ddn Campot, trdn bd vjnh Xiem dl din kinh dd Bangkok, thi tgi kinh do Oudong Qud trifih trunk gidnh gjigen 'l%do- lio 55 (Campuchia), thyc dan Phap cho dai bdc khai hda vdi nhidu tidng nd Idn vd cdm cd Phdp d nhieu noi'^. Didu nay dd budc phdi dodn Norodom phdi quay trd lgi kinh dd, tdc Id Phdp da lam that bgi y dh cua Xidm trong viec trdi budc Norodom vdi Bangkok. Vd khi trd lai, nhd Vua xin Idi ngudi Phap, ra ldnh ha cd Phap xudng nhung Iai phai ky vao Hidp udc Phdp - Campuchia vdo ngdy 17/4/1864 ma Napoleon III da phe duyet ky trudc do (11/8/1863). Ddi vdi Phdp, day la ddu mdc quan trpng trong qud trinh xam chiem Campuchia. Dd cung cd vi thd mdi vda dgt dugc d Campuchia, Phdp tim cdch thuong lugng vdi Xidm vd viec cimg phong vuong cho Norodom. Cudi cimg, Xiem thdng nhat vdi Phdp thyc hidn le dang quang cho Norodom tgi Oudong vdo ngay 3/6/1864. Day la ldn ddu tien Xidm thua nhdn Phdp cfing cd quydn "bdo hd" Campuchia. Cudc ddu tranh ndy cdn tiep didn cho mai cho den cudi the ky XIX ddu thi ky XX, nhung ddn ndm 1867, khi hai nudc ky Hidp udc Phap - Xidm vd vdn dd Campuchia tai Paris, thd quydn "bdo hd" cua Phdp can bdn da duge Xidm thda nhdn. (Didu 1: Nu&c Xiem thica nhdn quyin bdo hd ciia Phdp & Campuchia). Hidp udc 1867 danh ddu mdc Xiem chinh thuc thira nhgn quyin "bdo hg" cua Phdp & Campuchia; bu Igi, Xiem cung duge Phap nhugng cho hai tinh Batlambang vd Angkor cua Campuchia. Xidm phdi nhugng '^ David P.Chandler, William R.Roff, John R.W. Smail , sdd, p.l27. bd Phdp vi luc bay gid nudc nay dang phai ddi phd vdi cdc mdi de dpa khae den tu eac nudc phuong Tdy vd dang cdn sy dn djnh, hda binh cho cdng cupc canh tdn dat nude dang didn ra d Xidm vdo nda sau thd ky XIX. Hon nda, trong cudc tranh gidnh ndy, Phdp d vdo the mgnh, cdn Xidm d vdo thd ydu. 3. Mpt vai nhan xet Qud trinh gidnh giat quydn "bdo hd" Campuchia glu'a hai thd lyc Phdp vd Xiem dien ra quyet lidt, gay gdt, phdc tgp vdo nda sau thd ky XIX nhung khdng nd ra chidn tranh, vi Xiem timg budc lam thda man tham vpng xdm lugc Campuchia cua thyc dan Phap bdng each thye hien chinh sdeh "ddi ddt" Campuchia cho thyc ddn Phdp dd "ldy hda binh" cho Xidm. Va hgu qua tdt nhidn cua qua trinh dd Id bien Campuchia thanh thudc dja cua Phdp. Phuong thuc xam luge cua thyc ddn Phdp ludn thay ddi. Ddi vdi Viet Nam, chung su dyng sue mgnh quan sy Id chu yeu thi ddi vdi Campuchia chung chi dua vao uy thi sue manh qudn su de xdm chidm bdng con dudng dau tranh "ngogi giao phdo ham", budc Campuchia vd Xiem phdi ky kdt cac hiep udc bdt binh dang ma uu the thudc vl thyc dan Phdp. Hidp udc nam 1867 la budc ngoat cd y nghia "bdn ll" cua Phdp trong qua trinh xam chidm Campuchia. Xidm nhudng quyln "bao hd" Campuchia cho Phdp Id mdt hanh ddng hdl sdc thdc thdi dQ bao tdn nen ddc lap cua minh. . "bdo hp" Campuchia cua Phdp. Td dd, Campuchia da trd thdnh noi tranh chip, gidnh giat giua Xidm va Phdp cho ddn cudi thi ky XIX dau thd ky XX. Tuy Hidp udc Campuchia - Xidm dupc. giat quyen "bao hp" Campuchia giii'a Phdp va Xidm bat nguon td dur djnh ky hifp urdc giira Phap va Campuchia nam 1855 Vuong qudc Campuchia sau mdy Ihl ky hung. vdng tim kidm chd dya cua vua Campuchia ma cd IS chua ludng het nhflng hau qud nghidm trpng eua nd. 2. Dien bien cupc dau tranh gianh giat quyen bao hp Campuchia giira Xiem va Phap (1863