Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement Prentice Hall © 2002 General Chemistry C hapter 1 Slide 1 of 19 Philip Dutton University of Windsor, Canada Prentice Hall © 2002 Chapter 1 Matter—Its Properties and Me[.]
General Chemistry Principles and Modern Applications Petrucci • Harwood • Herring 8th Edition Chapter 1: Matter—Its Properties and Measurement Philip Dutton University of Windsor, Canada Prentice-Hall © 2002 Slide of 19 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © Contents Physical properties and states of matter Système International Units Uncertainty and significant figures Dimensional analysis http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/chapter1/deluxe.html Slide of 19 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © Properties of Matter Matter: Occupies space, has mass and inertia Composition: Parts or components ex H2O, 11.9% H and 88.81% O Properties: Slide of 19 Distinguishing features physical and chemical properties General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © States of Matter Slide of 19 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © Classification of Matter 1_15 Matter (materials) Physical processes Substances Mixtures Chemical Elements Slide of 19 reactions Compounds Homogeneous mixtures (solutions) General Chemistry: C Heterogeneous mixtures Prentice-Hall © Separations Slide of 19 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © Separating Mixtures Chromatography Chromatography 1_17 Substances to be separated dissolved in liquid mixture Pure liquid A Slide of 19 B C General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © Significant Figures Count from left from first non-zero digit Number 6.29 g 0.00348 g 9.0 1.0 × 10-8 100 eggs 100 g π = 3.14159 Slide of 19 Significant Figures 3 2 infinit ebad notation various Adding and subtracting Use the number of decimal places in the number with the fewest decimal places 1.14 0.6 11.676 13.416 13.4 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © Significant figures Multiplying and dividing Rounding Off Use the fewest significant figures 3rd digit is increased if 4th digit ≥ Report to significant.figures 0.01208 ÷ 0.236 = 0.512 = 5.12 × 10-3 Slide of 19 10.235 12.4590 19.75 15.651 General Chemistry: C 10.2 12.5 19.8 15.7 Prentice-Hall © Units S.I Units Other Common Units Length metre, m Length Angstrom, Å, 10-8 cm Mass Kilogram, kg Volume Litre, L, 10-3 m3 Time second, s Energy Calorie, cal, 4.184 J Temperature Kelvin, K Quantity Mole, 6.022×1023 mol-1 Pressure Atm = 1.064 x 102 kPa Atm = 760 mm Hg Derived Quantities Force Newton, kg m s-2 Pressure Pascal, kg m-1 s-2 Eenergy Joule, kg m2 s-2 Slide 10 of 19 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © Slide 11 of 19 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © Temperature Slide 12 of 19 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © Relative Temperatures Slide 13 of 19 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © Volume Slide 14 of 19 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © Density δ= m/V m=Vδ V=m/δ g/mL Mass and volume are extensive properties Density is an intensive property Slide 15 of 19 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © Conversion What is the mass of a cube of osmium that is 1.25 inches on each side? Have volume, need density Slide 16 of 19 = 22.48g/cm3 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © Wrong units The Gimli Glider, Q86, p30 Slide 17 of 19 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall â Uncertainties ã Systematic errors Thermometer constantly 2°C too low • Random errors – Limitation in reading a scale • Precision – Reproducibility of a measurement • Accuracy – How close to the real value Slide 18 of 19 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © End of Chapter Questions 1, 3, 5, 12, 14, 17, 18, 20, 30, 41, 49, 50, 61, 72, 74, 79 Slide 19 of 19 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © ... Properties of Matter Matter: Occupies space, has mass and inertia Composition: Parts or components ex H2O, 11.9% H and 88.81% O Properties: Slide of 19 Distinguishing features physical and chemical... Physical properties and states of matter Système International Units Uncertainty and significant figures Dimensional analysis http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci /chapter1 /deluxe.html Slide... properties General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © States of Matter Slide of 19 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall © Classification of Matter 1_15 Matter (materials) Physical processes Substances Mixtures