Chapter 1: Matter and Measurement

Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement Prentice Hall © 2002 General Chemistry C hapter 5 Slide 1 of 43 Chapter 5 Introduction to Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Philip Dutton University of Windsor, Canada Pr[.]

General Chemistry Principles and Modern Applications Petrucci • Harwood • Herring 8th Edition Chapter 5: Introduction to Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Philip Dutton University of Windsor, Canada Prentice-Hall © 2002 Slide of 43 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall Contents 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 5-6 5-7 The Nature of Aqueous Solutions Precipitation Reactions Acid-Base Reactions Oxidation-Reduction: Some General Principles Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations Oxidizing and Reducing Agents Stoichiometry of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions: Titrations Focus on Water Treatment Slide of 43 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall 5.1 The Nature of Aqueous Solutions Slide of 43 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall Electrolytes • • Some solutes can dissociate into ions Electric charge can be carried Slide of 43 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall Types of Electrolytes • Strong electrolyte dissociates completely – Good electrical conduction • Weak electrolyte partially dissociates – Fair conductor of electricity • Non-electrolyte does not dissociate – Poor conductor of electricity Slide of 43 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall Representation of Electrolytes using Chemical Equations A strong electrolyte: MgCl2(s) → Mg2+(aq) + Cl-(aq) A weak electrolyte: CH3CO2H(aq) ← CH3CO2-(aq) + H+(aq) → A non-electrolyte: CH3OH(aq) Slide of 43 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall Notation for Concentration MgCl2(s) → Mg2+(aq) + Cl-(aq) In 0.0050 M MgCl2: Stoichiometry is important [Mg2+] = 0.0050 M [Cl-] = 0.0100 M Slide of 43 General Chemistry: C [MgCl2] = M Prentice-Hall Example 5-1 Calculating Ion concentrations in a Solution of a Strong Electolyte What are the aluminum and sulfate ion concentrations in 0.0165 M Al2(SO4)3? Balanced Chemical Equation: Al2(SO4)3 (s) → Al3+(aq) + Slide of 43 SO42-(aq) General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall Example 5-1 Aluminum Concentration: 0.0165 mol Al2(SO4)3 [Al] = 1L mol Al3+ × mol Al2(SO4)3 = 0.0330 M Al3+ Sulfate Concentration: 0.0165 mol Al2(SO4)3 [SO4 ] = 1L 2- Slide of 43 mol SO42× mol Al2(SO4)3 General Chemistry: C = 0.0495 M SO42- Prentice-Hall 5-2 Precipitation Reactions • • Soluble ions can combine to form an insoluble compound Precipitation occurs Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → AgCl(s) Slide 10 of 43 General Chemistry: C Prentice-Hall