Morphology and Syntax Morphology 6 Trương Văn Ánh Trường Đại học Sài Gòn 2 WORD CLASSES FORM CLASSES (LEXICAL WORDS) 1 Nouns As for meaning, nouns are traditionally known to be names of persons, place[.]
Morphology Trương Văn Ánh Trường Đại học Sài Gòn WORD CLASSES FORM CLASSES (LEXICAL WORDS) Nouns As for meaning, nouns are traditionally known to be names of persons, places, things, and ideas Among their formal characteristics, English nouns may typically be made: definite in meaning by the, as in the book, the guy, the answer; possessive by suffixing –’s, as in boy’s, man’s; negative by prefixing non-: non-believer, nonsense 2 Verbs Verbs are traditionally said to express action, being, and states of being Among their formal characteristics, English verbs may typically be made: past in meaning by suffixing –(e)d, as in work worked into agents by suffixing –er, as in doer, walk walker negative by prefixing dis-, as in agree disagree, appear disappear 3 Adjectives In terms of meaning, adjectives are said to modify nouns Among the formal characteristics, English adjectives may typically be: in comparisons by –er or more: tall taller, beautiful more beautiful modified by intensifiers very, too: very tall, too tall made negative by un-: unhappy Adverbs The adverbs have four suffixes: the derivational suffixes –ly, -wise, -ward, and –s- and one free form like Source adjective fortunate Source noun student Source noun north Source noun night Source noun student Source adjective casual Derived adverb fortunately Derived adverb studentwise Derived adverb northward Derived adverb nights Derived adverb studentlike Derived adverb casual-like 5 Uninflected words (Functional words) Words that not belong to one of the four formclasses – noun, verb, adjective, or adverb are known as uninflected words, UW’s Uninflected words take no inflectional endings as listed below Words that are traditionally called nouns: pathos, advice, tennis, evidence, botany Words that are traditionally called adverbs: often, seldom, also, never, perhaps Words that are traditionally called adjectives: antic, menial, only, tired Verbs: can, will, shall, etc Most of the words in the structure-classes: (Preposition, conjunction, pronoun, interjection) the, must, quite, from, and, since, which, all Good luck! ... unhappy Adverbs The adverbs have four suffixes: the derivational suffixes –ly, -wise, -ward, and –s- and one free form like Source adjective fortunate Source noun student Source noun north Source... prefixing non-: non-believer, nonsense 2 Verbs Verbs are traditionally said to express action, being, and states of being Among their formal characteristics, English verbs may typically be made: past... WORDS) Nouns As for meaning, nouns are traditionally known to be names of persons, places, things, and ideas Among their formal characteristics, English nouns may typically be made: definite in