The roles of student trust, identity and commitment in the relationship between university reputation and behavioral intention

i MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY BUI HUY KHOI The roles of student trust, identity and commitment in the relationship between university reputation and behavioral intention A dissertation submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration Ho Chi Minh City – 2021 ii MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY BUI HUY KHOI The roles of student trust, identity and commitment in the relationship between university reputation and behavioral intention Industry: Business Administration Industry ID: 9340101 A dissertation submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration Academic Supervisors: Dr Nguyen Huu Lam Dr Dang Ngoc Dai Ho Chi Minh City – 2021 i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I please declare that this submission is my work and except where due reference is made; this dissertation contains no material previously published or written by another person(s) This dissertation does not contain material extracted in the whole or part from the dissertation or report presented for another degree or diploma in University of Economics Ho Chi Minh city or any other educational institution January 2021 Bui Huy Khoi ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all, this dissertation is dedicated to the thank of my wife-Nguyen Thi Ngan, to my daughter-Bui Mai Anh (9 years), my daughter-Bui Mai Vy (6 years), my son-Bui Minh Nhat (4 years), and to my son-Bui Minh Hoang (4 years) They help me have many efforts to overcome difficulties in completing my dissertation It is the biggest achievement of my life Second, I would like to express my best gratitude to Ph.D Nguyen Huu Lam and Ph.D Dang Ngoc Dai, who supervise and help me conduct my dissertation for many years at University of Economics HCM City Third, I am deeply thankful to Prof Vladik Kreinovich, University of Texas, USA for supporting me to publish my paper related to my dissertation in the Scopus system Especially, I would express my gratefulness to Ph.D Ngo Quang Huan, University of Economics HCM City and Ph.D Nguyen Thanh Long, Industrial University of HCM City who indirectly or directly support and help me conduct the dissertation Moreover, I am thankful to the board of professors in School of UEH Graduate, the independent reviewers for their constructive reviewing comments Bui Huy Khoi and TABLE OF CONTENT STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .ii TABLE OF CONTENT iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix ABSTRACT x TÓM TẮT xi CHAPTER RESEARCH OVERVIEW 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Research background 1.3 The research gap identification 1.4 Research object and scope 10 1.4.1 Research object 10 1.4.2 Research scope 11 1.5 Research aim 11 1.6 The research questions 13 1.7 Methodology 13 1.8 Dissertation contributions 14 1.8.1 Theory contributions 15 1.8.2 Practice implications 16 1.9 Dissertation structure 17 1.10 Conclusion 18 CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Reputation 19 2.2.1 Student guidance 28 2.2.2 Social contributions 29 2.2.3 Environments .31 2.2.4 Leadership 32 2.2.5 Funding 33 2.2.6 Research and development 33 2.3 Student trust 34 2.4 Student identity 35 2.5 Student commitment 37 2.6 Behavioral intention 38 2.7 Foundation theories 43 2.7.1 Market signaling theory 43 2.7.2 The theory of planned behavior (TPB) 45 2.7.3 Theory of reasoned action (TRA) and extended valence framework 50 2.8 The research model and hypotheses 51 2.8.1 Factors affecting university reputation 51 2.8.2 The roles of student trust, student identity, and student commitment 53 2.9 Conclusion 62 CHAPTER METHODOLOGY 64 3.1 Introduction 64 3.2 The research process 64 3.3 Sample and data collection 97 3.4 PLS-SEM 100 3.5 Quantitative analysis frame 104 3.6 Conclusion 106 CHAPTER RESULTS 107 4.1 Introduction 107 4.2 Internal consistency and convergent validity 107 4.3 Indicator reliability 108 4.4 Discriminant validity 110 4.5 Collinearity issue 112 4.6 The fitness of the structural model 113 4.7 Stability of parameter estimates 116 4.8 Discussion 119 4.9 Conclusion 120 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS 121 5.1 Introduction 121 5.2 Conclusions 121 5.3 Key Contributions 122 5.4 Contributions to methodology 124 5.5 New contribution to the measurement model 125 5.6 Implications 126 5.6.1 Practical Implications 126 5.6.2 Implications for domestic manager 128 5.6.3 Implications for university manager 128 5.7 Limitations and recommendations for further research 135 PUBLICATION 137 REFERENCES 138 APPENDIX 159 EDITED CONFIRMATION BY CAMBRIDGE 187 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation HEIs PLS-SEM UR SG SCN Meanings Higher education institutions Partial least squares tructural quation University Reputation Student Guidance Social Contributions EN LE FU Environments Leadership Funding RD Research and Development ST SI SC BI H TRA TBP Pc Pvc SRMR OL VIF odelling Student Trust Student Identity Student Commitment Behavioral Intention Hypothesis The theory of reasoned action The theory of planned behavior The composite reliability The average variance extracted The standardized root mean square residual Outer loading Variance Inflation Factor LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Variables and their proposing authors 41 Table 2.2 Summary of the correlations in the model 61 Table 3.1 The discussion group code 68 Table 3.2 Social Contributions’ items 75 Table 3.3 Environments’ items 77 Table 3.4 Leadership’s items 78 Table 3.5 Funding’s items 79 Table 3.6 Research and Development’s items 81 Table 3.7 Student Guidance’s items 82 Table 3.8 Student Trust’s items 83 Table 3.9 Student identity’s items 84 Table 3.10 Student Commitment’s items 85 Table 3.11 Behavioral Intention’s items .86 Table 3.12 Items and factors in the reputation scale 90 Table 3.13 Item and factor in the university reputation scale .95 Table 3.14 University Reputation’s items 96 Table 3.15 Sample Statistics 99 Table 4.1 Internal consistency and convergent validity 107 Table 4.2 Outer Loadings 109 Table 4.3 Fornell-Larcker Criterion 111 Table 4.4 Inner VIF Values 112 Table 4.5 Measurement of model PLS-SEM 115 Table 4.6 Path Coefficients 116 Table 4.7 f2 (effect size) 117 APPENDIX E – SEMINARS WITH GRADUATED INDIVIDUALS Seminar Location: Room V9.01, Industrial University of HCM City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Ward 4, Govap Dist, Ho Chi Minh City Unit NAME BITH GRADUATE UNIVERSITY YEAR YEAR CODE COMPANY LE PHAM DAN THANH 1992 2014 IUH HD BANK LE NHAT THU 1984 2012 VNU BIDV BANK VIEN KHOA HOC VA TRAN THI CAM GIANG 1986 2009 TDTU CONG NGHE TINH TOAN HCM TONG CTY TM KT HOANG ANH TUAN 1974 1997 UEH TRAN VAN BI 1975 2009 AGU 1991 2012 IUH SACOMBANK 1992 2016 FPTU TNHH TM&NK THIEN VÀ DAU TU (PETEC) KHO BAC NN TRI VO PHUC TRUONG THANH NGUYEN LE QUOC TU TON - AN GIANG KIM CTY HOA DAU ME LE MINH ANH 1991 2014 PHAM THI MY TIEN 1991 2013 FPTU IUH CONG CHI CUC THUE CU CHI AGRIBANK TAY SAI 10 PHAM TRUNG PHUOC 1991 2014 IUH 11 LE BA LOC 1991 2013 IUH 12 NGUYEN TRAM HAI LY 1993 2015 IUH 13 HOAI DUY 1994 2016 IUH 14 BUI THI BICH DUYEN 1991 2013 IUH 15 NGUYEN THANH KIM NGAN 1986 2009 UEH 16 BUI HOANG NHAN 1994 2015 IUH 17 NGUYEN VAN SANG 1989 2012 IUH 18 NGUYEN HONG DUC 1994 2016 IUH 19 NGUYEN TAN QUANG 1988 2013 HCMUAF 20 DANG THUY DUNG 1992 2015 DNTU 21 NGUYEN MINH NGOC 1993 2015 IUH 22 TRAN MINH DAI 1991 2014 DNTU 23 NGO THI PHUONG THUY 1984 2006 BDU 24 DANG HOANG SAM 1994 2016 IUH 25 LE QUANG DAI 1991 2013 UEH 26 NGUYEN THANH TRUNG 1994 2016 IUH 27 HUYENH NGOC DIEP 1991 2014 SGU 28 TRUONG CONG HAU 1993 2015 29 NGUYEN THI THANH TAM 1994 2016 30 NGUYEN HONG LINH 1991 2014 GON TMCP QUAN DOI APPENDIX F – DISCUSSION OUTLINE Part 1: Introduction Hello everyone, I am a Ph.D student at University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City We are researching the relationship between university reputation and behavioral intention First of all, we would like to thank you for taking the time to join us on this topic We hope for your active participation, and please note that there is no right or wrong view All of your ideas contributed to the success of this study For the discussion to proceed, we (introduce the name) and please introduce your name Part 2: Discover the components that create a university reputation With the question: “According to you, which factors impact university reputation in higher education?” Part 3: The roles of student trust, student identification, and student commitment in the relationship between university reputation and student behavioral intention “What you think about the relationship between university reputation and student behavioral intention? “What you think about the roles of student trust, student identity, and student commitment in the relationship between university reputation and student behavioral intention? APPENDIX G – SAMPLE OF QUANTITATIVE Unit Name of University Amount An Giang University Binh Duong University Dong Nai Technology University FPT University Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics and Finance Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Sai Gon University Ton Duc Thang University University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Total 107 143 104 162 68 355 166 159 154 120 1538 10 APPENDIX H – DATA OUTPUT SEX Frequency Percent Cumulativ Valid Percent e Percent Valid 801 52.1 52.1 52.1 737 47.9 47.9 100.0 1538 100.0 100.0 Total UNIVERSITY Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulativ e Percent Valid AGU 107 7.0 7.0 7.0 BDU 143 9.3 9.3 16.3 DNTU 104 6.8 6.8 23.0 FPTU 162 10.5 10.5 33.6 68 4.4 4.4 38.0 IUH 355 23.1 23.1 61.1 SGU 166 10.8 10.8 71.8 TDTU 159 10.3 10.3 82.2 HCMUEF UEH 154 10.0 10.0 92.2 VNU 120 7.8 7.8 100.0 Total 1538 100.0 100.0 Outer Loadings Construc Type of measurement model t SCN EN LE FU RD SG ST SI SC BI UR Construct SCN EN LE FU RD SG ST SI SC BI UR Construct SCN EN LE FU RD SG ST SI SC BI UR factor factor factor factor factor factor factor factor factor factor factor (Mode (Mode (Mode (Mode (Mode (Mode (Mode (Mode (Mode (Mode (Mode A) A) A) A) A) A) A) A) A) A) A) Number of indicato rs 5 5 5 4 3 Dijkstra-Henseler's rho (ρA) Jöreskog's rho (ρc) 0.8291 0.7939 0.8151 0.7618 0.8389 0.7676 0.8899 0.7205 0.9299 0.8183 0.7239 0.8576 0.8246 0.8641 0.7833 0.8408 0.8193 0.9167 0.7945 0.8913 0.8870 0.7790 Average variance extracted (AVE) 0.5494 0.4905 0.5615 0.4389 0.5204 0.4789 0.7337 0.4961 0.6270 0.7236 0.5558 Predefine d reliabilit y 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Cronbach' s alpha( α) 0.8002 0.7472 0.8030 0.6908 0.7780 0.7400 0.8788 0.6630 0.8552 0.8100 0.5941 Construc t SCN EN LE FU RD SG ST SI SC BI UR Indicator SCN EN LE FU RD SG ST SI SC BI 0.616 0.491 0.545 0.351 0.449 0.142 0.210 0.139 0.228 0.694 0.529 0.476 0.211 0.456 0.120 0.158 0.133 0.233 0.577 0.601 0.418 0.609 0.206 0.284 0.150 0.235 0.754 0.390 0.489 0.177 0.240 0.116 0.233 0.670 0.448 0.088 0.164 0.138 0.183 0.484 0.125 0.229 0.154 0.276 0.642 1.045 0.115 0.183 0.543 0.167 0.256 0.731 0.664 0.199 0.333 SCN EN LE FU Q21 0.805 0.625 0.532 0.851 0.743 Q22 Q23 Q24 Q25 Q16 0.752 0.847 0.387 0.452 0.744 Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 RD 0.852 0.797 0.662 0.627 0.743 0.785 0.847 0.568 0.604 0.654 SG ST SI SC BI UR UR Q26 0.564 0.641 0.699 0.796 0.735 Q27 Q28 Q29 Q30 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 0.628 0.743 0.760 0.789 0.811 Q47 0.887 0.813 0.466 Q48 Q49 Q31 Q32 0.880 0.801 Q33 0.8918 Q34 0.8494 Q35 0.6444 Q36 0.7101 Q37 0.8444 Q38 0.5930 Q44 0.8364 Q45 0.8393 Q46 0.8756 Q39 0.8850 Q40 0.8248 Q41 0.8559 Q42 Q43 0.8067 0.5369 Hypotheses EN  UR Beta 0.089 FU  UR 0.024 T-value 3.700 0.150 0.028 5.361 0.00 LE  UR 0.265 0.027 9.830 0.00 RD  UR 0.104 0.022 4.714 0.00 SC  BI 0.597 0.017 35.135 0.00 SCN  UR 0.237 0.025 9.464 0.00 SG  UR 0.138 0.024 5.733 0.00 SI  BI 0.107 0.021 5.110 0.00 SC  SI 0.151 0.026 5.788 0.00 ST  SC 0.075 0.015 4.980 0.00 0.132 0.021 6.281 0.00 11.808 0.00 UR  SC Independent variable UR  ST SCN EN LE FU RD ST 0.069 0.026 0.078 0.044 0.030 SI SC 0.295 0.036 0.005 0.002 0.013 Dependent variable7 0.006 0.040 0.003 0.023 0.002 0.016 SE BI 0.022 0.008 0.025 0.014 0.009 UR 0.025 0.236 0.088 0.265 0.150 0.103 P 0.00 SC UR 0.1505 0.6134 0.2952 0.0232 0.1539 0.0944 Independe nt variable SCN ST 0.0699 EN 0.0262 LE 0.0783 FU 0.0443 RD 0.0306 SG 0.0406 Dependent variable ST SI SC UR Effect Beta Indire ct effect s SI 0.005 0.002 0.006 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.011 SC 0.036 0.013 0.040 0.023 0.016 0.021 0.023 0.022 BI UR 0.0223 0.0084 0.0251 0.0142 0.0098 0.0130 0.0458 Total effec t 0.0161 0.0944 Cohen' s f SCN -> ST SCN -> SI SCN -> SC SCN -> BI SCN -> UR EN -> ST 0.070 0.005 0.07 0.005 0.036 0.022 0.036 0.022 0.237 0.026 EN -> SI 0.002 EN -> SC 0.014 EN -> BI 0.008 EN -> UR 0.089 LE -> ST 0.078 LE -> SI 0.006 LE -> SC 0.041 LE -> BI 0.025 LE -> UR 0.265 FU -> ST 0.044 FU -> SI 0.003 0.237 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.07 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.26 0.04 0.00 0.069 0.010 0.085 FU -> SC 0.023 FU -> BI 0.014 FU -> UR 0.150 RD -> ST 0.031 RD -> SI 0.002 RD -> SC 0.016 RD -> BI 0.010 RD -> UR 0.104 SG -> ST 0.041 SG -> SI 0.003 SG -> SC 0.021 SG -> BI 0.013 SG -> UR 0.138 0.02 0.01 0.15 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.13 0.030 0.018 0.026 ST -> SI 0.011 ST -> SC 0.01 0.07 0.04 0.10 0.15 0.61 0.29 0.02 0.15 0.09 0.075 ST -> BI 0.046 SI -> BI 0.107 SC -> SI 0.151 SC -> BI 0.597 UR -> ST 0.295 0.016 UR -> SI 0.023 UR -> SC 0.132 0.022 UR -> BI 0.094 0.005 0.018 0.023 0.569 0.095 0.016 Construct SCN EN LE FU RD SG ST SI SC BI UR SCN 1.000 0.544 0.423 0.465 0.321 0.395 0.120 0.162 0.131 0.194 0.554 1.000 0.447 0.416 0.191 0.380 0.108 0.123 0.124 0.195 0.470 1.000 0.498 0.344 0.512 0.175 0.206 0.139 0.192 0.586 1.000 0.326 0.399 0.133 0.168 0.112 0.175 0.518 1.000 0.365 0.075 0.125 0.105 0.138 0.387 1.000 0.105 0.163 0.134 0.216 0.498 1.000 0.781 0.113 0.154 0.295 1.000 0.150 0.197 0.352 1.000 0.613 0.153 1.000 0.230 1.000 EN LE FU RD SG ST SI SC BI UR Factor BI EN FU LE RD SC SCN SG SI ST UR BI EN FU LE RD SC SCN SG SI ST UR 1.598 1.550 1.699 1.258 1.019 1.663 1.519 1.019 1.000 1.212 1.212 1.000 Value SRMR d_ULS d_G1 d_G2 ChiSquare 0.0697 6.204 2.164 1.734 14,104 71 ... affecting university reputation and the roles of student trust, student identity, and student commitment in the relationship between university reputation and behavioral intention to understand student. .. dissertation, during its examination of the relationship between university reputation and behavioral intention, considers the literature on the roles of student trust, student identity, and student commitment, ... relationship between university reputation and behavioral intention in Vietnamese higher education, incorporating the roles of student trust, student identity, and student commitment to understand student