Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen ORACLE Series TIGHT / Oracle Database 10g: TCR / Loney / 225351-7 / Front Matter Blind Folio FM:i Oracle Database 10g : The Complete Reference Kevin Loney McGraw-Hill/Osborne New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto P:\010Comp\Oracle8\351-7\CD\Ventura\book.vp Friday, August 13, 2004 1:44:11 PM Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen ORACLE Series TIGHT / Oracle Database 10g: TCR / Loney / 225351-7 / Front Matter Blind Folio FM:ii McGraw-Hill/Osborne 2100 Powell Street, 10th Floor Emeryville, California 94608 U.S.A To arrange bulk purchase discounts for sales promotions, premiums, or fund-raisers, please contact McGraw-Hill/Osborne at the above address For information on translations or book distributors outside the U.S.A., please see the International Contact Information page immediately following the index of this book Oracle Database 10g: The Complete Reference Copyright © 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc (Publisher) All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of Publisher Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates Screen displays of copyrighted Oracle software programs have been reproduced herein with the permission of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates Excerpts of copyrighted Oracle user documentation have been reproduced herein with the permission of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates 1234567890 CUS CUS 01987654 Book p/n 0-07-225352-5 and CD p/n 0-07-225353-3 parts of ISBN 0-07-225351-7 Publisher Brandon A Nordin Copy Editors Bart Reed, Margaret Berson, William F McManus Vice President & Associate Publisher Scott Rogers Proofreader Carol Henry Acquisitions Editor Lisa McClain Indexer Jack Lewis Project Editors Patty Mon, Janet Walden Computer Designer Apollo Publishing Services Acquisitions Coordinator Athena Honore Cover Series Design Damore Johann Design, Inc Technical Editor Pete Sharman This book was composed with Corel VENTURA™ Publisher Information has been obtained by Publisher from sources believed to be reliable However, because of the possibility of human or mechanical error by our sources, Publisher, or others, Publisher does not guarantee to the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information included in this work and is not responsible for any errors or omissions or the results obtained from the use of such information Oracle Corporation does not make any representations or warranties as to the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information contained in this Work, and is not responsible for any errors or omissions P:\010Comp\Oracle8\351-7\CD\Ventura\book.vp Friday, August 13, 2004 1:44:11 PM Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen ORACLE Series TIGHT / Oracle Database 10g: TCR / Loney / 225351-7 / Front Matter Blind Folio FM:iii To my parents, and to Sue, Emily, Rachel, and Jane P:\010Comp\Oracle8\351-7\CD\Ventura\book.vp Friday, August 13, 2004 1:44:11 PM Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen ORACLE Series TIGHT / Oracle Database 10g: TCR / Loney / 225351-7 / Front Matter Blind Folio FM:iv About the Author Kevin Loney is a senior technical management consultant with TUSC (http://www.tusc.com), an Oracle-focused consultancy headquartered in Chicago He was selected as ORACLE Magazine’s Consultant of the Year in 2002 He is an expert in the design, development, administration, tuning, security, and recovery of Oracle-based applications An Oracle DBA and developer since 1987, he is the primary author of 15 books for Oracle DBAs and developers He is a frequent and highly-rated presenter at local and international Oracle user groups About the Technical Reviewers Pete Sharman has 16 years’ IT experience designing, implementing, and managing the performance of Oracle solutions As a solo consultant and team leader, Pete has provided administrative and technical leadership to leading Internet-based businesses as well as several Fortune 100 and Fortune 500 companies He has also completed world-class benchmarks and implementation reviews of the Oracle RDBMS, and performed high-impact performance tuning A proven technical leader, Pete has acquired expert-level skills in Oracle Parallel Server and Real Application Clusters database design, administration, backup and recovery, operations planning and management, performance management, system management, and security and management of complex data centers Currently, Pete is performing the role of Oracle9i and Oracle 10g Database Global Consulting Lead, acting as an interface between Oracle Development and North America Sales and Consulting Pete has also passed all the Oracle DBA Certifications (Oracle7, Oracle8, Oracle8i, and Oracle9i ) and was one of the first 20 people in the world to qualify as an Oracle9i Certified Master Bob Bryla is an Oracle 8, 8i, 9i, and 10g Certified Professional with more than 15 years of experience in database design, database application development, training, and database administration, and he is the tech editor and author of several Oracle Press and Sybex Oracle DBA books He is an Internet database analyst and Oracle DBA at Lands’ End, Inc., in Dodgeville, Wisconsin P:\010Comp\Oracle8\351-7\CD\Ventura\book.vp Friday, August 13, 2004 1:44:11 PM Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen ORACLE Series TIGHT / Oracle Database 10g: TCR / Loney / 225351-7 / Chapter Blind Folio 1:v Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv INTRODUCTION xvii PART I Critical Database Concepts Oracle Database 10g Architecture Options Databases and Instances Inside the Database Choosing Architectures and Options 5 Installing Oracle Database 10g and Creating a Database Overview of Licensing and Installation Options 11 13 Upgrading to Oracle Database 10g Choosing an Upgrade Method Before Upgrading Using the Database Upgrade Assistant Performing a Manual Direct Upgrade Using Export and Import Using the Data-Copying Method After Upgrading 27 29 30 30 31 34 35 36 Planning Oracle Applications—Approaches, Risks, and Standards The Cooperative Approach Everyone Has “Data” The Familiar Language of Oracle Some Common, Everyday Examples What Are the Risks? The Importance of the New Vision How to Reduce the Confusion Capitalization in Names and Data Normalizing Names Good Design Has a Human Touch Understanding the Data Toward Object Name Normalization 37 39 40 41 45 47 48 50 57 58 58 62 65 v P:\010Comp\Oracle8\351-7\CD\Ventura\book.vp Friday, August 13, 2004 1:44:12 PM Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen ORACLE Series TIGHT / Oracle Database 10g: TCR / Loney / 225351-7 / Chapter Blind Folio 1:1329 XMLType XMLFOREST SEE ALSO FORMAT XMLCONCAT XMLFOREST ( value_expr [AS c_alias] [, value_expr [AS c_alias]] ) DESCRIPTION XMLFOREST converts each of its argument parameters to XML, then returns an XML fragment that is the concatenation of these converted arguments XMLSEQUENCE SEE ALSO FORMAT XMLCONCAT XMLSEQUENCE ( { XMLType_instance | sys_refcursor_instance [ ,fmt] } ) DESCRIPTION XMLSEQUENCE has two forms: ■ The first form takes as input an XMLType instance and returns a varying array of the toplevel nodes in the XMLType ■ The second form takes as input a REFCURSOR instance, with an optional instance of the XMLFORMAT object, and returns as an XMLSEQUENCE type an XML document for each row of the cursor XMLTRANSFORM SEE ALSO FORMAT Chapter 47 XMLTRANSFORM ( XMLType_instance ,XMLType_instance ) DESCRIPTION XMLTRANSFORM takes as arguments an XMLType instance and an XSL style sheet, which itself is a form of XMLType instance It applies the style sheet to the instance and returns an XMLType XMLType XMLType is a datatype available to store and query XML data in the database As a type, XMLType has member functions to access, extract, and query XML data using a class of operations known as XPath expressions The SYS_XMLGEN, SYS_XMLAGG, and DBMS_XMLGEN packages create XMLType values from existing object-relational data When you designate a column as using the XMLType datatype, Oracle will internally store the data in a CLOB datatype The following listing shows the creation of a table using the XMLType datatype: create table MY_XML_TABLE (Key1 NUMBER, Xml_Column SYS.XMLTYPE); insert into MY_XML_TABLE (Key1, Xml_Column) P:\010Comp\Oracle8\351-7\CD\Ventura\Part9D.vp Friday, August 13, 2004 5:14:37 PM 1329 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen 1330 Part IX: ORACLE Series TIGHT / Oracle Database 10g: TCR / Loney / 225351-7 / Chapter Blind Folio 1:1330 Alphabetical Reference values (1, SYS.XMLTYPE.CREATEXML (' Complete Reference Ending This is the end of the book. ')); select M.Xml_Column.GETCLOBVAL() as XML_Data from MY_XML_TABLE M where Key1 = 1; See Chapter 47 for additional details on XMLType and its related methods P:\010Comp\Oracle8\351-7\CD\Ventura\Part9D.vp Friday, August 13, 2004 5:14:37 PM ... Certifications (Oracle7 , Oracle8 , Oracle8 i, and Oracle9 i ) and was one of the first 20 people in the world to qualify as an Oracle9 i Certified Master Bob Bryla is an Oracle 8, 8i, 9i, and 10g Certified... and author of several Oracle Press and Sybex Oracle DBA books He is an Internet database analyst and Oracle DBA at Lands’ End, Inc., in Dodgeville, Wisconsin P:\010Comp \Oracle8 \351-7\CD\Ventura\book.vp... role of Oracle9 i and Oracle 10g Database Global Consulting Lead, acting as an interface between Oracle Development and North America Sales and Consulting Pete has also passed all the Oracle DBA