NGHIEN CUU TRAO DOI ^HAO SAT ON RUNG TRONG KHOANG XE KHACH 29 CHO BANG PHAN MEM ANSYS \S SURVEYING NOISE A N D VIBRATION IN C O M P A R T M E N T O F T H E PASSENGER VEHICLE 29 SEATS BY ANSYS SOFTWARE Nguyin Trong Hoan', Nguyin Thanh QuangS Le Quynh Mai^ 'Trfldng Dai hpc Bdch Khoa Ha Ndi ^Mekong Auto Corporation ^NCS Trfldng Dai hpc Bach Khoa Ha Ndi T6M TAT Bdi bdo trinh bdy ndi dung nghien ciiu khdo sdt on khoang xe khdch 29 chd cd rung ddng ciia khung vd xe gay nen Nghiin ciiu dd st( dung phUdng phdp phdn tii hUu han (PTHH) de md phdng md hinh khdng gian khdi khdng ben khoang xe, sU dung phdn mem Ansys de gidi bdi todn Tdi dat len mdhinh Id lUckich thich gay chuyin vi tai 16 diem lap ghep bu IdnggiUa khung sdt xi vdi sdn xe, ddng cd Idm viec thi khung vd xe bi rung vd gay on khoang xe Ket qud da khdo sdt dUdc dn tai vj tri bat ky khoang xe vdi cdc trUdng hdp chieu ddy tam vd xe khdc nhau: 0,8; 1,0; 1,2; 1,5 mm vd loai vat Ueu vd xe khdc bdng vdt lieu tam composite Kit qud nghien citu dd dUa sd lieu cu the vd khuyen cdo ky thudt cho nhd sdn xuat Tii khod: Khung vd xe khdch, dn rung, PTHH, Ansys ABSTRACT This article presents survey contents of noise in the compartment ofpassenger vehicle with 29 seats which caused by vibrations of frame and body The study used the FEM method to simulate spatial patterns of air volume inside the compartment of vehicle, used Ansys software to solve the problem The load simulated in the model is the displacements of floor at the 16 bolts points assembled between the frame and the floor of the vehicle When the engine running make the floor and frame and body of the vehicle shaking which will cause noise in the compartment of vehicle Survey results have been noise at any location inside the compartment of vehicle with corresponding of sheet thickness different: 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1,5 mm and other materials is composite The research results bring out specific data and technical advice to producers Keywords: Frame and body of passenger vehicle, noise and vibration, FEM, ANSYS TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM Sd 12 nam 2013 ^ NGHIEN CUTU-TRAO DOI MO DAU Ngdy nay, flng dung sfl phat trien tin hoc, cac may tinh cau hinh manh, cac phan mem phan tich tinh todn vd xfl ly ket qua ciing dfldc phdt trien vdi nhflng mddul mdi cang hoan thien hdn nen viec flng dung de khao sat cac bai todn phflc tap bang phfldng phdp sd cang trd nen bien Mdi trfldng dm la tap hdp cua nhflng qua trinh tfldng tac ly hda phflc tap, thdng sd cd ban sfl dung de khdo sat bai toan dm la "ap suat dm" vd "mflc dp suat am", cd the khao sat ddc lap hoac ddng thdi ca hai thdng so Ap diing phfldng phap PTHH vdi phan tfl hflu han Lagrange ta cd the nghien cflu phan tich rdi rac tflng ket cau ddn gian va ca nhflng ket cau tong hpp phflc tap khao sat sfl truyen am chat long cua khoi khdng khoang xe khach 29 chd, hinh Phan tfl luc dien tdm nut Brick pha^ mem Ansys cd mpt sd dac diem cd ban nhfl sau: Dac trflng vdt Heu la dang hfldng, khoi Ifldng rieng dflpc xac dinh qua nhdn lenh DENS = 1.025 (kg/m^), van tdc truyen dm c = 341 m/s d\iac nhap qua nhan lenh SONC He so hdp thy am cua khdng cd the nhap nhfl dac tinh vat lieu khdng qua nhan lenh MU (cd gid tri tfl 0.0 den khoang 0.1, phu thupc vao tan sd am Cac nut phan tfl dflpc danh ten nhfl hinh 2, cdc mat cd the thay ddi cho Phan tfl khdng thi van xoan d^n mflc co the bi chia lam hai khoi Cac nut tren cac phan tfl tiep gidp vdi v6 xe cd chuyen vi bang vdi chuyen vi cua nut phdn tfl vd xe len ket vdi nd 3.TRINH TLfTiNH TOAN TRONG B A I T O A N P T H H CUA PHAN MEM ANSYS Trinh tfl tinh toan bdi toan PTHH cua phan mem Ansys dflpc tdm tat bdi cac bfldc cd ban sau day: Hinh 1: Ddi tUdng khdo sdt- Xe khdch 29 chd Budc 1: Xet dp sudt vd cdc dich chuyin PHAN TLf HlXU HAN KHOI K H O N G KHl TRONG PHAN MEM ANSYS Trong phan mem Ansys, phan tfl luc dien tdm nut Brick dflpc sfl dung khao sat khoi khdng khi, hinh Ap suat P vd cdc dich chuyen u^, u^ va u^ cua cau trflc theo cac phflpng x, y, z bai toan PTHH cua phan mem dflpc dfla bdi phfldng trinh (1) va (2) (1) (2) Trong dd: {A'^} : Hdm dang cua phan tfl doi vdi ap suat khdng khi; ff): Hdm dang cua phdn tfl doi vdi dich chuyin ket cau; {Pg}: Vec dp suat tai nut phan tfl khdng khi, Hinh 2: Cdc niit phan tU luc dien tdm nut Brick phdn mem Ansys TAP CHI CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO D O I {".} = { « „ } { « „ ) , {«„} : Cac vec to djch chuyen tai niit phan til ket cau Budc 2: Xet phUdng trmh PTHH a) bdn cua khoi khdng Phuong trinh (3) la phuong trinh PTHH CO ban cua khoi khong k''K}+k''h}+«)kfR}=o (3) Hinh 3: Mo hinh dat tdi rdng budc ve chuyen vi tai 16 diem bat bu long phdn mem Ansys Trong dd: F f = " l{^}{^V4^ol): c vol cm khoi khdng [K^\= \{Bf{B]d{vol): vol khoi khdng Ma tran khdi Ifldng Ma tran dp cflng cua Polfit hP0iMn?^'fd{s): Ma tran lien ket Chfldng trinh Ansys sau se phan tich dfla tai chuyen vi den cdc nut phan tfl va tfl ddng tinh todn Nhfl vay, bai todn se tinh todn dn md hinh tdng the khung vd xe hi rung ddng M H i N H PTHH KHOI KHONG KHi TRONG KHOANG XE (chat Idng vd k^t cau) Phan mem Ansys gidi cac phfldng trinh va BUdc 3: XdtphUdng trinh dan hdi tai vung bien cua cho ket qua Mdt nhflng ket qua cua phan khoi khdng mem cho ta hinh anh cau trflc PTHH khdi khdng khoang xe vd vung bien tfldng tac gifla Xet den thdnh phan dan hdi tai vung bien khdi khdng va khung vd xe, hinh bang phflpng trinh (4) \per !^}{^)^'^('^) • ^ ^ ^ ^ *^^ ^ ° ' ^"^ '•^^ ^^^S- P= : H^ sd giam chan tai vung bien (lenh PQC MU cau lenh MP) Dait tdi chuyen vi rung ddng cua mang sdn xe ta thflc hien tren md hinh tdng the tai 16 diem bu Idng lap ghep gifla khung sat xi vdi mang sdn xe Tai la tdn sd va dich chuyen tam mang san xe da xac dinh d npi dung nghien cflu cua nhdm tdc gid tdi U?u [3], [4] Md hinh dat tai len khung vd xe trinh bdy tren hinh Hinh 4: Mo hinh PTHH tUOng tdc viing bien giUa khoi khong vd khung vd xe Theo tpa dp chieu cao hoac chieu ngang, ta cd the xem xet d bat ky diem ndo cua khdi khdng khoang xe Vi du: Tai vi tri tai hdnh khdch, cat theo mat cat bang hoac mat cat ngang se cho ta md hinh dang chia Ifldi PTHH khdi khdng tai vi tri dd hinh ^ T^LP C H i C O KHi VI$T NAM, Sd 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN cflu-TRAOedi CAC KET QUA KHAO S A T 5.1 K£t qua khao sat mute ap km khoi khdng khoang xe (a) Tai vi tri tai hdnh khdch (b) Tai vi tri tai ngUdi ldi Hinh 5: Mo hinh PTHH cua khdi khong khoang xe Theo day tan so dao dpng rieng cua khung vd, mflc dp am dfldc lay dflpc tai vi tri tai ngfldi lai xe va gia tri trung binh tai vi tri hdnh khach nghe thay dfldc Cac ket qua dfla dang bang so tan so rieng thfl 2, tan so dao ddng rieng cua khung vd la 281,13 Hz, mflc dp am tinh todn dflpc la Idn nhat, tai vi tri tai hdnh khach mflc dp am la 52,119 - 62,305 dBA, cdn d vi tri tai ngfldi lai xe mflc dp am la 56,235 dBA O cac tan sd khac cung xac dinh dflpc nhflng gia tri nhd hpn Dfldi dang hinh khdng gian, ket qua co the danh gia trflc tiep mflc dp dn tai vi tri bat ky khoang xe, hinh Khi khao sat ket qua dfla dang hinh anh theo dfldng ddng mflc mau, mflc ap am khoang xe theo tan sd dao ddng bat ky cua khung vd xe ta cd the nhin trflc quan tren md hinh, hinh (a) MUc dp dm tai vi tri tai hdnh khdch (dBA) (b) MUc dp dm tai vi tri tai ngUdi ldi xe (dBA) > (b) Tai tdn sd270Hz Hinh 7: Ket qud khdo sdtmUc dp dm khoang^ Hinh 6: Ket qud khdo sdt mUc dp dm khoang xe d tai tdn sddao ddng rieng khung vd Id 197,01Hz JfcWi cdc tdn sd dao (^ng rieng khdc cua khung vdxe khdch khung vd xe nguyen thuy ddy 1,0 mm TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, So 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN CUU-TRAO DOI Nhan xet: Qua ket qua khao sat cho thay khung vd xe khach thiet ke ch^ tao dat tieu chuan quy djnh theo COST 7495-63 gidi han mflc dn ben khoang xe buyt, d day tan sd khao sat Ifl 150 Hz den 1000 Hz Tuy nhiSn, xe chay tren dfldng thflc te thi tieng on ddng cO gdy lai gdp phan dang ke de tao thdnh tieng on Wioang xe Do vay, nghien cflu dd dat cac trfldng hdp khao sdt mflc dp suat am khoang xe thay doi thupc tinh hoac dp day vat lieu nham dfla cac khuyen cdo de giam on cho nha sdn xudt qua trinh thiet ke xe Composite cho ket qua mflc dp suat dm khoang xe khdng chenh lech nhieu vd gidm dang ke so vdi trfldng hpp vat lieu nguyen bdn cua nhd sdn xuat (gidm den 16dB khdo sat cho cac tam canh) Cac trfldng hpp khao sat cac yeu td anh hfldng den dp on khoang xe anh hfldng cua v4t lieu vd dp day cua cac tam vd xe dflpc md ta theo sd hinh De so sanh ket qua tinh todn mflc ap suat am khoang xe tai vi tri tai ngfldi lai xe nghien cflu da khao sdt tai cung mdt tan sd dao ddng cho cac dac tinh vat lieu khac nhau, ket qua thu dflpc theo bang TSm tri/oc 8mm ; 1.2mm |; 1.5mm Thay i(6i itif Thav doi thu^c tinhv^tti^u V^tll^u Composite - Anh hfldng cua cac tam canh trdi vd canh phai cua vd xe den mflc dp suat am khoang xe nhieu hdn cac tam mang vd xe khac 5.2 So sanh ket qua mflc dp suat am theo tinh toan Bdng I: Ket qud khdo sdt mUc dp sudt dm tai vi tri tai ngUdi ldi xe cho cdc trUdng hdp khdo sdt vdt lieu tam canh cua vd xe Tarn c^nh phii TSm Si TSm e^nh phSi TSm c^nh Hinh 8: Sd dd khdo sdt cdc yeu td dnh hUdng den on khoang xe Miic ap suat am theo tinh toan (dB) Tin so (Hz) Nguyen thuy Composite 8mm 1.2mni 1.5mm 164 64.016 48.642 78.236 54 246 48.426 340 57.583 45.283 74.236 50.276 44.035 446 54.238 43.469 67.324 48 028 42.679 623 50.428 41.012 62.364 44.642 40.108 778 48.349 40.618 59.961 42.214 39.632 816 47.328 38.654 55.246 40.128 37.56 919 45 642 37.568 52.397 38.297 36.245 998 43 561 35.623 49.851 37.634 35.689 Mdi quan he dflpc so sanh theo hinh 10 Ket qud khao sat mflc dp suat dm tai vi tri tai ngfldi ldi xe cho thay: - Khi khdo sat dp day vat Heu 0,8mm cho cac tam mdng vd xe mflc dp suat am khoang xe tang \hn dang ke (d^n 24dB khao sat cho cdc tdm c ^ h trdi, phai) - Khdo sat vdi dp day 1,2mm cho cdc tam mdng vd xe, mflc ap suat am khoang xe gidm (tfl dB den lOdB khdo sdt cho cdc tam c?nh) - Khdo sdt vdi dp day 1,5mm va vat ti?u Hinh 9: Do thi mo td mUc dp sudt dm tai vi tri tai ldi xe tUdng Ung vdi tUng loai vat lieu khao sdt cho tdm canh cua vd xe TAP C H i C O KHi V I £ T NAM, Sd 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN ClJfU-TRAO DOI Nhan xet: - Khi gidm dp ddy vat heu se lam tang mflc dn khoang xe - Khi tang dp ddy vdt lieu hoac thay the vdt Ueu tdn bang vat Heu Composite cho k^t qua mflc dp suat am khoang xe giam - O tan sd cang cao, mflc ap suat am cdng giam KET LUAN Ndi dung nghien cflu da xay dflng dflpc phfldng phap tinh todn vd md hinh tmh toan: Phflpng phdp PTHH md phdng khdi khdng khoang xe la khdi chat long vdi phan tfl Brick tfl dien tdm nut vd giai bdi todn PTHH xac dinh dp dn rung cua khung vd xe khach bang phan mem Ansys K^t qua da cac dinh dflpc mflc dp suat am (tieng dn) tai tflng vi tri khoang xe, nhfl tai ngfldi lai xe hoac tai hanh khdch Ket qua khao sat cho thay thay ddi vat Ueu bdng composite cho ket qua mflc dp suat am giam rd ret so vdi vdt lieu bang tdn nguyen ban Nhflng vat lieu Composite cd khd ndng chiu keo, chiu udn thap hdn vat lieu tdn nen thay the can chu y den dieu kien an todn vd tinh kinh te Khi giam dp ddy tam tdn mdng tfl 1,0 mm xuong 0,8 mm se lam tieng on khoang xe tang len (24dB) Khi thay bang tdn day 1,5 m m dp dn giam nhieu nhat (khoang - 16 dB) nhflng khdi Ifldng khung vd tanglen Khi thay bang tdn day 1,2 m m dp on giam di khdng nhieu (khoang - dB) nhflng khoi Iflpng khung vd tang khdng dang ke, day la trfldng hdp dflpc de xuat thay the chieu day tdn mdng ciia khung vd xe •!• Ngay nhan bai: 25/10/2013 Ngay phan Men; 18/11/2013 Ngfldi phan bien: PGS.TS Dao Manh Hung, Trfldng Dai hpc Giao thdng Van tai; TS Dfldng Ngpc Khanh, Trfldng Dai hoc Bach Khoa Ha Ndi Tai lieu tham khao: III Bui Van Ga, Tran Thanh Hai Tiing (1995), Tieng on d to gdy Tap chi Thdng tin Mdi trfldng QN-DN, so 11/1995,tr32-34 [2].Vu Dflc Lap, (2001) (fng dung mdy tinh mo phdng d to qudn sU, Trfldng Dai hpc Le Quy Don, Ha Npi [3] Nguyen Trpng Hoan, Nguyen Thanh Quang, Le Quynh Mai, (2013), Thi nghiem xdc dinh on rung khung vd xe khdch 29 chd sdn xudt lap rdp nUdc, Tap chi Co Viet Nam so thang nam 2013 [4] Nguyen Trpng Hoan Nguyin Thanh Quang, Le Quynh Mai (2013), Khdo sdt rung ddng khung v6 d to khdch 29 chd trUdng hop xe nd mdy diing yen tai chd Tap chi Co Viet Nam, sd thdng nam 2013 |5] Steffen Marburg, Bodo nolte, (2007), Computational Acoustics of Noise propagation in Fluids - Finite and Boundary Element Method Dresden and Kiel [6] Gang shen (Gang Shen Chen), (2012), Vehicle Noise, Vibration, and Sound Quality SAE Internation Warrendale, Pennsylvania USA SAE Order No RF-400 (71 A Sestieri D Del Vescovo and P LucibeUo (1984), Structural-acoustic coupling in complex shaped cavities, J Sound Vib 96 pp 219-233 [8] D.l Nefske, J.A Wolf and L.I Howell (1982), Structural-Acoustic Finite Element Analysis of the Automotive Passenger Compartment: A review of current practice, J Sound Vib 80, pp 247-266 ^ ] TAP CHi C O KHi VIET NAM, Sd 12 nam 2013 ... day: Hinh 1: Ddi tUdng khdo sdt- Xe khdch 29 chd Budc 1: Xet dp sudt vd cdc dich chuyin PHAN TLf HlXU HAN KHOI K H O N G KHl TRONG PHAN MEM ANSYS Trong phan mem Ansys, phan tfl luc dien tdm nut... bai todn se tinh todn dn md hinh tdng the khung vd xe hi rung ddng M H i N H PTHH KHOI KHONG KHi TRONG KHOANG XE (chat Idng vd k^t cau) Phan mem Ansys gidi cac phfldng trinh va BUdc 3: XdtphUdng... hfldng den dp on khoang xe anh hfldng cua v4t lieu vd dp day cua cac tam vd xe dflpc md ta theo sd hinh De so sanh ket qua tinh todn mflc ap suat am khoang xe tai vi tri tai ngfldi lai xe nghien cflu