Nghiên cứu sấy bông atiso dùng năng lượng mặt trời

NGHIEN CIJfU-TRAODOl \l NGHIEh CdU S6Y BONG fiTISO DdNG NflNG LtfONG M^T TRdl STUDY OF ARTICHOKE FLOWERS DRYING USING SOLAR ENERGY TS L^ Anh Dflc TS Nguyin Huy Bich Trfldng Dai hpc Ndng Lam TR Ho Chi Minh Bdngatisdld ngudn dUdc lieu quy vd la nguon thu on dmh cua ndng ddn Dd Lat, Lam Ddng Qud trinh che bien bdng, dd khdu say nhdm bdo dam hdm lUdng dUdc hgc vd ve sinh an todn thUcphdm Id yeu cau thUc te vd biic xuc Bdi bdo trinh bdy ket qud tinh todn thiet ki, che tao mdy vd thd nghiem say bdng atisd tren mdy say si( dung ndng lUdng mat trdi cd ndng suat 10 kg/me Ket qud khao nghiem cho thay thdi gian say rut ngan ddng ke, phdn bd nhiet vd phdn bo gid ddng deu, sai lech vi am cua bdng atisd sau say tai cdc vi tri budng say Id khdng ddng ke, hieu suat nhiet cua mdy s&y khd cao nhd cdi tien ket cau ciia bd thu biic xa mat trdi Bdng atisd sau say cd mau sac, miii vi vd hdm lUdng cynarin cao hdn han so vdi cdc mdu phdi nang Cdc phUdng trinh md td quan he giiXa biic xa mat trdi m nhiet say, dUdng cong gidm dm, tdc gidm dm dd dUdc xdc dinh Nghien aiu ciing dd xay dUng dUCc phUdng trinh dU dodn tdc gidm dm cua bdng atisd qud trinh say Tfl khoa: Atisd, cynarin, mdy say, ndng lUdng mat trdi ABSTRACT Artichoke flower is a value pharmacological product and one of the main income offarmers in Dalat, Lam Dong Province The flower processing in which drying is necessary and it requires to ensure the high quality, food safety, and conservation ofpharmacological ingredients after processing This paper presents the designing manufacturing and testing an Artichoke flower dryer using solar energy with capacity oj 10 kg/batch The results show that the drying time is short, heating and drying air are distributed equally over the drying chamber, the difference of moisture content of dried artichokes at other positions in the drying chamber is small and reasonable, thermal efficiency is high The cynarin content, color and aromi of the artichoke flowers dried by dryer are better than the ones exposed to the sun Some equatiom describe the relationship between solar radiation and the drying temperature, the moisture reduction curve and the drying rate are determined Keywords: Artichoke, cynarin, dryer, solar energy ^ TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN CUU-TRAODOI I.DATVANDE Bong atisd la nguon dflpc lieu quy vd Id nguon thu nhap tfldng doi on dinh cua ndng dan Dd Lat, Lam Ddng Bdng tfldi thu hoach cd ham Iflpng nfldc kha cao, do de bdo quan va che bien bdng atisd d dang tra tui Ipc hoac cdc loai thflc pham chflc ndng thi bdng atisd can dflpc lam khd Hien nay, bdng atisd dfldc 1dm khd bang each phdi nang, neu mfla ddi ngdy thi dung Id say thii cdng dot bang than cui Cac phfldng phap khdng ddm bao v^ sinh an todn thflc pham, chat Iflpng atisd hi gidm dang ke, dac biet la cdc thdnh phan dflpc pham quy Hpn nfla, dac diem khdng am dp cao ciia Dd Lat, viec phdi nang se lam thdi gian phdi bdng keo ddi, ton nhieu nhan cdng di cao dao, ton that san pham cao Viec dau tfl may say d^ sdy bdng cung khdng dflpc dp dung vi chi phi dau tfl vd van hdnh may tfldng doi cao Nfldc ta nam d khu vflc xlch dao, cfldng d0 bflc x^ va sd gid nang trung binh tfldng doi cao nen cd ti^m ndng rdt Idn viec phat trien va sfl dyng nang Iflpng mat trdi May say dung ndng Iflpng mat trdi da dflpc sfl dyng tai nhieu nfldc trSn the gidi nham lam giam nhflng bat lpi cua viec phpi sdy truyen thdng, gidm chi phi say va gdp phan cai thi?n ddng ke chat Iflpng cua cac loai ndng sdn thflc phSm hinh may say atisd dflpc nghien cflu thiet ke tren nguyen tac lay nhiet ndng tfl bflc xa mat trdi de thflc hien qud trinh say Tren cd sd ke thfla, tim hieu cdc flu nhflpc diem cua cdc thiet hi say, ket hdp vdi cac dac tinh vd yeu cau cua sdn pham bdng atisd thdi Idt de lfla chpn thiet ke phu hdp - Phfldng phap che tao: Md hinh may say atisd dflpc che tao ddn chiec theo tflng hp chi tiet dien hinh - Bo tri thi nghiem: Cac thi nghiem dflpc lap lai lan vd tinh gia tri trung binh - Diing cu va phfldng phap dac thflc nghiem: Mdt sd thdng sd dac trflc tiep sfl dung cac dung cu chuyen dung nhfl ddng ho am dp, nhiet dp Iflu Iflpng ke, bflc xa ke, thiet bi nhiet hdng ngoai, can dien tfl can ddng ho la ban xac quy dao mat trdi, tui nylon dflng mau Cac thdng sd cdn lai dflpc xdc dinh thdng qua tinh toan quy ddi cac thdng so phan - Am dp bong atisd dfldc xac djnh bdng phflong phap tu say Chat Iflpng bdng atisd dfldc danh gia qua chi tieu mau sac, mui vi vd ham Iflpng dflpc hpc Cynarin KET QUA NGHIEN CUXJ 3.1 Ket qua tinh toan thiet ke va che tao Tfl thflc t^ tr^n, nhdm nang cao chat Iflpng san pham bdng atisd sau say va giai quyet cac van de cdn tdn tai thflc tien sdn xuat, viec nghien cflu thfl nghiem may say bdng atiso cd chi phi ddu tfl thap, tiit kiem nang Iflpng, van hdnh ddn gidn Id van de cap thiet VAT L l £ u VA PHU'ONG P H A P NGHIEN CCtJ* - Vat li?u say: Bdng atisd dflpc tai Da Lat, sau thu hoach, bdng dflpc rfla sach, che ddi, bd nhuy vd thai lat vdi chieu ddy lat thai - mm trfldc dfla vao say Dp am ban dau cua bdng atisd Id 80%, dp am yeu cSu cua bdng sau say nhd hdn 14% Phflpng phap tinh todn thiet ke: Md * Ket qud tinh todn thiet ke: He thdng say dung nang Ifldng mat trdi cd the chia 1dm ba loai: Trflc tiep gian tiep va ket hpp d day, de tang hieu qua say cung nhfl rut ngan thdi gian say, nghien cflu quyet dinh lfla chpn loai ket hpp, cd dung quat de ddi Iflu cfldng bflc khdng say De tang hieu suat nhiet cua bd thu nhiet, nghien cflu da tien hdnh: + Tang dien tich ldp hap thu nhiet bdng each bd tri hai tang ldp hap thu nhiet ben bd thu nhiet khdng se di zic-zac bd thu nhiet giup qud trinh trao doi nhi?t tot hdn "^ TAP CHi C O KHi VIET NAM Sd 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN CUfU-TRAODOl + Be mat hap thu nhiet dflpc che tao bdng nhdm cd he so ddn nhiet vd he so tda nhiet cao hdn hdn so vdi cac loai be mat bdng sat thdng thfldng Cai thien chat Iflpng be mat hap thu bang each phun bpt kim loai va phu len tren mdt ldp sdn den nhdm tdng kha nang hap thu bflc xa mat suat 120 W - Thdi gian say ly thuyet: 6,5 h vdi nhiet dp tac nhan say trung binh 45'*C - Kich thfldc tdng the cua may say: Dai x rdng x cao = 2600 X 1000 x 1700 mm * Kit qud che tao: + Dieu chinh dflpc gdc nghieng cua bd thu nhiet de thu dfldc bflc xa tdi da May dflpc che tao dang ddn chiec tai Trfldng Dai hpc Ndng Lam TR Ho Chi Minh Hinh 3.2: Mdy sdy bong atiso thdi Idt diing ndng liidm mat trdi Hinh 3.1: Mo hinh mdy sdy bong atisd diing ndng lUdng mdt trdi I Mat kinh, Tam thu nhiet, Cila ihodl bd thu nhiil, Quat sdy; Kbuiig budng say; Vach hiioiig sdy Irong siiol Ciia ihoal liic nhdii say: S Cila buoiig sdy Sdn dif ml lieu say, 10 Klioan gio viio budng sdy, II Chan dd; 12 Ciia gid vdo bo thu nhiel; 13 Up cdch nhiet Mdt SO thdng sd chinh cua may say: - Nang suat thiet ke: 10 kg bdng atiso thai lat/ me - Chieu day ldp bdng atisd tren vi say: 100 mm - Lflu Iflpng khdng can thiet cho qua trinh say: 0,18 mVs - Nhiet Iflpng can cung cap cho toan bp qua trinh say: 10,1 kW - Bd thu nhiet: Kich thfldc dai x rpng: Im x 2m Do nghieng cua bp thu nhiet cd the dieu chinh dflpc pham vi 15" - 30" - Budng say: Ket cau dang say me tinh, bdn vach dflpc bao bpc kin bang vat lieu plastic sudt de nhan dflpc bflc xa mat trdi - Tong trd lflc cua he thdng: 210 Pa - Quat say: Quat hfldng true canh thang, cdng [nl 3.2 Ket qua khao nghiem Tien hdnh say thi nghiem me say vao khac nhau, mdi me cd nang suat 10 kg Bo tri tflcfng flng thi nghiem phdi nang de ddi chflng Ket qua dac gia tri nhiet dp tac nhan say va bflc xa mat trdi theo thdi gian dflpc lay trung binh tfl cac gia tri tflpng flng cua me say thi nghiem, ket qua dflpc the hien d dang thi nhfl hinh 3.3 u Bill z eoo mm ll11 S"" _ ^ Hhieldo BiK Ta Hinh 3.3: Thay doi nhiet tdc nhdn sdy vd bite xa mat trdi theo thdi gian ngdy Vdi dac thu ket cau cua bp thu nhiet va cac thdng sd hoat ddng nhfl thiet ke cua may say nghien cflu cd the bieu dien d d^ng TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI phaong trinh moi quan he gifla nhiet tac nhan sSy (ham y) theo biJc xa mat trdi (bien x) dfldi dang ham Gauss nhfl sau: ( y = 50,0679-8,4S3!l«- ' 44.!f , R2 y = 78,4048 - 22,5536.x + 1,1 to so • = 0,918 Ket qua kiem tra dp ddng d i u vg nhidt dp tdc nhdn sdy, van tdc tac nhan say vd am cuoi cua bdng sau say dd cho thay khdng cd sfl sai khdc t^i cdc vi tri khac tren todn bd b^ mat khay say Sai lech v^ am dp cua bdng atisd sau say gifla ldp tren vd ldp dfldi la 0,6%, khdng dang kl Ket qua khao nghiem sd bd cho thdy cac kSt qua tinh toan, thiet ke la tfldng ddi chinh xdc I'itm ', R' = 0,987 G i i tntbtfCBghtfm G i i tn dtf ioin *v s« ^ 30 * l 20 10 10 11 12 13 14 IS 1B ThSi gian s i r ngiy (gidt Hinh 3.6: Dd thi dU dodn qud trinh gidm dm cua bdng atiso qud trinh sdy He sd tfldng quan R^ cua phflong trinh dfl dodn dp am theo thdi gian say la kha cao chflng td dp chinh xac cua phfldng trinh Phfldng trinh dfl dodn dflOc biiu diln tren hinh 3.7 Hinh 3.4: Khdo nghiem sdy bdng atisd Ket qua so sanh gifla cac mau say bang mdy say ndng Ifldng mat trdi vd cdc mau phpi nang trinh bay tren hinh 3.5 Gia tri am dp cua mau sdy va mau phdi nang Id gid tri trung binh cua me say vd me phdi nang Dd am cua bdng aitsd dflpc xac dinh bang phfldng phap tu say Gian cdch lay mau Id gid AlU d o bOMp fltiSO (° ^T,u> uni,i V am SDK " " - • • ^ ' ~ ^ — ^ 30% KM " 10r v.^,—1 iliiHiiaiinCii) -^,_ " " '•"' '•'" • • ""* ^ "*" '" Hinh 3.5: Dudng cong gidm dm cua mdu sdy thi nghiim vd mdu phdi nang doi chdng Dp Im cua bdng atisd qud trinh say {hdm y, %) cd the dfl doan theo thdi gian say (hdm X, gid) d d ^ g phfldng trinh bac hai nhfl sau: Hinh 3.7: Dd thi mo td mdi tUOng quan giUa gid tri thUc nghiem vd dUdodn Ket qua khao nghiem cho thay mac du ldp vat lieu say budng say la 10 cm, day hdn - lan so vdi ldp vat lieu phoi nang nhflng thdi gian say da rut ngan dang ke so vdi phdi nang Sau thdi gian say la gid, am dp bdng atisd dat 12% so vdi am dp bdng phdi ndng ddi chflng la 29.5% va thdi gian de bdng phdi nang dat am dp 12% Id hdn 10 gid Tdc dp giam am trung binh dat i 1,5 %/h d mdy say dung nang Iflpng mat trdi la kha cao so vdi tdc dp giam am trung binh d me phdi ndng ddi chflng Id 6.9 %/h TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, So 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN CUfU-TRAODOl Phdn bd nhiet va phdn bd gid ddng deu, sai lech ve am cua bdng atisd sau say tai cdc vi tri budng sdy la khdng dang ke Hieu suat nhiet cua bd thu nhiet thupc nhieu vdo dieu kien thdi tiet cung nhfl cac thdi diem khdc Ket qud dac vd tinh toan da cho thay hieu suat nhiet cua may say cao hdn khoang 7% so vdi cac loai bd thu nhiet thdng thfldng Chat Ifldng bdng atisd sau say hdn han mdu bdng atisd phdi ddi chflng ve mau sac va mui vi dac trflng, dam bao chat Iflpng ve sinh Ket qua phan tich ham Iflpng cynarin dat 0,017 mg/g cao hdn so vdi mau atiso phdi nang 0,01 mg/g Ket qua tinh toan sd bd hieu qua kinh te tren md hinh cho thay chi phi sfl dung may say nang Iflpng mat trdi khoang 30 - 35% so vdi sfl dung mdy say thdng thfldng Nhfl vay, cdc ket qua nghien cflu da cho thay may say bdng atisd thai lat sfl dung nang Iflpng mat trdi cd the flng dung phu hpp vdi thiTc trang san xuat ndng hp tai Da Lat KET LUAN May sdy bdng atisd thai lat sfl dyng nang Ifldng mat trdi da dflpc che tao va dfla vao khao nghiem May van hdnh ddn gian, tiet ki^m ndi^ Ifldng, chi phi dau tfl thap Md h m h may hoat ddng hieu qua, thdi gian say dflpc rut ngan dang ke so vdi phflpng phap phdi nang Chdt Iflpng bdng atisd sau say cao hdn han so vdi phfldng phdp phPi nang hien ca ve mau sac, mui v|, ham Ifldng dflpc hoc vd ve sinh thflc pham Mot sd chi tieu dac trflng cua may say da dflpc xac dinh Tren ca sd cac ket qua nghien cflu da dat dfldc, mdt mdy say say atisd dung ndng Ifldng mat trdi la khd thi vd hoan todn co kha nang flng dung thflc te san xuat, nham gdp phan giam thieu nhflng bat ldi cua viec phdi nang hien nay, giam chi phi cdng lao ddng va thdi gian, tang hieu qua san xuat va cdi thien dang ke chat Iflpng bdng atisd khd • Ngdy nhdn bai: 16/11/2013 Ngdy phdn bien: 20/12/2013 Ngfldi phan bien: TS Biii Ngoc Hung, Trfldng Bd mdn Mdy sau thu hoach vd Che bien, Khoa Cd Cdng nghe, Trfldng Dai hpc Ndng Lam TP Ho Chi Minh Tai lieu tham khao: [1] Hoang \ ^ n Chudc (1999), Thiet kehe thdng thiet bi sdy NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat [2] Nguyen Van May (2006), Bdm quat mdy nen, NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat [3] Tran Van Phu (2008), Ky thuat sdy NXB Giao due [4] Hoang Dinh Tin (2004), CO sd truyen nhiet NXB Dai hoc Quoc gia TP Ho Chi Minh [5] Hoang Dinh Tin Bui Hai (2004) Bdi tap nhiet dong hoc ky thuat vd truyen nhiet NXB Dai hpc Quoc gi TP Ho Chi Minh [61 Nguyen Cdng Van (2005), Ndng lUcfng mat trdi qud trinh nhiet vd Ung diing NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thuat TAP CHi C O KHi VI$T NAM, S6 12 nam 2013 ... giai quyet cac van de cdn tdn tai thflc tien sdn xuat, viec nghien cflu thfl nghiem may say bdng atiso cd chi phi ddu tfl thap, tiit kiem nang Iflpng, van hdnh ddn gidn Id van de cap thiet VAT... dflpc che tao dang ddn chiec tai Trfldng Dai hpc Ndng Lam TR Ho Chi Minh Hinh 3.2: Mdy sdy bong atiso thdi Idt diing ndng liidm mat trdi Hinh 3.1: Mo hinh mdy sdy bong atisd diing ndng lUdng mdt... thu nhiel; 13 Up cdch nhiet Mdt SO thdng sd chinh cua may say: - Nang suat thiet ke: 10 kg bdng atiso thai lat/ me - Chieu day ldp bdng atisd tren vi say: 100 mm - Lflu Iflpng khdng can thiet