Nghiên cứu khảo sát tính năng ma sát của cặp ma sát má phanh xe máy

^ NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D I NGHIEN C(y\J KHAO SAT TINH NANG MA SAT CUA CAP MA SAT MA PHANH XE MAY SURVEY STUDY ON PAIR OF FRICTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FRICTION PAIR OF MOTORCYCLE BRAKE PADS Nguyin Van Hu^n, PGS,TS Pham Van Hung, TS Nguyin Thi Ngpc Huyin Trudng Dai hpc Bach Khoa Ha Npi TOM TAT Bdi bdo trinh bdy ket qud nghien euu dnh huong cda mpt so thong so co bdn tai ma sdt cap ma sdt mdphanh xe mdy dieu kien phong thi nghiim Kit qud thuc nghiim duac the hien tren cdc thi: Suphu thupc cua ma sdt vdo dp luc dduphanh, vgt lieu cap ma sdt, diiu kien van hdnh xe mdy Bp so lieu vd thi thi nghiem, co the duoc dung de lua chpn vat lieu, thiit ke dp luc ddu phanh cho phu hap v&i che dp sir dung xe mdy d nu&c ta Tir khoa: Ma sdt, dp luc phanh, vat lieu cap ma sdt ABSTRACT This paper presents the results from studying the influence of basic parameters to friction of motorcycle brake pads in laboratory condition The experimental results are shown on the graphs: The depending on brake oil pressure, material, operational conditions The dataset and experimental gr{^hs They can be used to select materials, design brake oil pressure to accord with using motorcycles conditions in our country Keywords: Friction, brake pressure, jHction pairs material ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN C Q U - T R A O D O I du bdo cap md phanh dia xe may se mon xe chay dupe khoang 10.000 km l.DATVANDE Xe mdy la phuang tien chiem da sd Ket qud nghien ciiu mpt so ylu td dnh giao thong duong bp tai Viet Nam, nhu cdu sii dung va sua chiia xe may tren thi truong Viet hudng CO bdn den ma sat vd mdn cua cap ma phanh xe may se giiip de xuat cac gidi phap cai Nam Id rdt ldn thien dupe tuoi thp, chdt lugng ciia cap ma phanh Hien nay, cdc phy tung thay the, sua chiia xe may ciing nhu su an toan ciia moi ngudi xe may co nhu cau rat cao vd van tiep tuc gia tham gia giao thdng tang Cac doanh nghiep, cdng ty san xuat phy tiing xe may dd va dang nghien ciiu dua thi VAT LIEU COMPOSITE LAM MA tmong nhilu sdn phdm, phu tiing thay the, PHANH XE MAY cd cap ma phanh xe may Trong qua trinh sir xe may, cap ma phanh ciia xe may c6 anh hudng Vat lieu composite Id vat Heu to hgp cua dac biet quan trpng quyet dinh den tinh mang va hai hay nhieu vat lieu phdn khdc ve sy an todn cua mdi ngudi dieu khien xe may hinh dang hoac phdn hda hgc nham tao tham gia giao thong Cap ma phanh xe mdy nen mpt vat lieu mdi ed tmh nang vugt trpi so qua trinh sit dyng se mdn vd chiu dnh hudng ciia vdi timg vat lieu thdnh phan [3] nhieu yeu to: Vat lieu, dp luc dau phanh; Dieu kien moi trudng Do do, nhu cdu thay the cap Cho den nay, can cii vao pha nen cd the ma phanh xe mdy la rat Ion Trong khudn khd phdn composite thdnh bdn loai co ban nhu bdi bao chi nghien ciiu dang ma phanh dia, vdi hinhl Vat lieu composite Vat lieu Vat lieu Vat lieu Vat lieu composite composite composite composite polyme kim loai gim cacbon Hinh Phan loai vat lieu composite theo pha nin [2] Vat lieu ma sat ban ddu chi la tdm bong, da, nhu mpt chdt nen vi dy: Cdc sgi bdng hoac vdi ket hgp vdi cao su dupe tiln hanh due chi tao vat lieu ma sat ma phanh, nhung nd cd ban chi: Kha nang chiu nhiet kem-khi nhiet ma sat tai bl mat tiip xiic vugt qua 120°C Sau do, cae nha khoa hpc da tim kilm vat lieu ma sat cd khd nang chiu nhiet tdt vd vat lieu ma sat amiang da dupe tim [10] Amiang Id mpt sgi khodng thien nhien Loai spi dugc chia lam hai nhdm chinh la nhom chrysotile (hay amidng frdng) vd nhdm amphibole (hay amiang ndu xanh) Amiang dugc su dyng phd bien vi nd cd khd nang chju nhiet cao, chiu lua va an mdn hda chdt, khd ndng ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VlfiT NAM, Sd nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN C U T U - T R A G D O I chiu lye rdt tdt, mim mai vd thdm cung rdt tdt vd CO the dugc thuc hien gia cong det may amidng hoac amiang vdi va ngam tdm vdi mpt chdt kit dinh Amiang sir dyng lam ma phanh ndm 1905 bat dau dugc ap dyng, ed kha nang chiu nhiet tot va dp bin ca hpc dupe cai thien rdt nhilu Bdt ddu til ndm 1918, ngudi ta trpn sgi amiang ngin va nhua dudng diic chi tao md phanh [10] kim loai da chiem toan bp Imh vuc che tao md phanh xe may Nhung nhupc diem ciia vat lieu ma sat ban kim loai la: C6 trpng lupngriengcao, dl tao tiing dn phanh Tir nam 2004, vdi sy phat triln nhanh ch6ng cua nganh Cdng nghiep xe may, ngudi dan tren cdc yeu can hieu sudt phanh cao, bdt ddu su phdt trien cua vat lieu ma sat gom [10] NGHIEN CUtI THlTC NGHIEM 3.1 Muc dich thuc nghiem Khdo sat tinh nang ma sat ciia mpt sd loai md phanh c6 nen composite khdc dp luc ddu phanh thay ddi dieu kien phdng thi nghiem tren thilt bi BK MS - MFXM 3.2 Md ta va bo tri thi nghiem So nghien ly cdu tao ciia thiet bi khao Hinh 2: Mdphanh xe mdy lam bang vgt lieu amidng sdt he sd ma sat cua ma pb^ih dugc the hien tren Ddu nhung nam 1920, bat dau nen cdng hmh3 nghiep hoa cac img dung nhya phenol Nhua phenol c6 khd ndng chiu nhiet cao ban so vdi cao su dang ke, vi vdy nhanh chong thay the vat Ueu ma sat cao su va trd vat lieu ket dinh Tii nhya phenol, mpt loat eac nhya tdng hpp chiu nhi6t khdc vdi miic gid thdp ban nhu nhya phenolic Nhua phenolic dupe dimg 1dm mpt sd chi tiet ben may bay nhu he thdng cira, bep, cdc vdch ngdn nhua phenolic cdn dugc sir dyng 1dm nen ket hgp vdi sgi amiang tao amiang - phenolic Id loai vat lieu ma sat vdi gid re va nguon nguyen lieu co sdn nen dugc sir dung rpng rai [10] Hinh 3: Sa nguyen ly cdu tao thiit bi ma sdt Tir nam 1960, cdc nhd khoa hpc da xac BKMS-MFXM dinh v^t lieu amiang co nguy ca dnh hudng tdi sire khde ngudi, c6 nhilu khd nang gay Trong dd: benh bui phdi asbestosis Vi vay, dl thay thi vat lieu sgi amiang sdn xudt vat Heu ma sat nam l)Thiet hi tac dyng luc len ddu phanh; 1980 ddu nhirng nam 1990, vat lieu ma sdt ban 2) Ddng hd dp luc ddu phanh; ISSN 0866-7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn ' NGHIEN curu - TRAO OOl 3) Xy lanh dAu ma phanh; 4) Ma phanh; 5) D6ng h6 luc; 6) H$ thdng ngam phanh; 7) Bp ly hop; 8) Day dai; 9) Dong co; 10) Dia phanh xe may 3.2 Miu thi nghiem Mlu thi nghiem: Mlus6 la ma phanh cua xe 110 cc; Mlus6 lamaphanhcuaxe95cc; Mlu s6 la ma phanh cua xe 125 cc dugfc the hien tren hinh Hinh 4: Mau chudn hi thi nghiem Kinh thuoc co ban cua ba mlu ma phanh xe may thuc nghiem dugc thS hien trSn hinh 5, mnhi ' Hinh ddng, kich thudc cua mdu so u " M U Hinh 6: Hinh ddng, kich thuac cda mdu so vd3 ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHf VIET NAM, S6 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D O I Kich thuae mdu s6 la: a= 2, R, =10 3.4 TVinh ty thi nghiem: mm, ^2 =75mm R^ =10mm, R, -10mm, R =48mm,R^=10mm,h=10mm - Chuan hi cdc mdu thi nghi$m, lap vd gd dat mdu thi nghiem vao ngam phanh: Thdng s6 kich thudc mdu s6 va s6 - Set thilt bi; Id: a=25 mm, b= 76mm, c= 8,5mm, d- 19mm, - Cho thilt hi van hdnh; e- 7mm, f= 2mm, R= 59mm, R= 93mm, k = - Dat tdi trpng P de xdc dinh dp luc dau phanh; 10mm, g = 4nmi - Ti6n hanh Idy so lieu ket qua tir ddng ho luc; 3.3 Cac thfing s6 cff ban thi nghiem - Lam tuong ty vdi cac gia tri P khac thu dupe ket qud thi nghiem vdi mdu thi nghiem thu nhdt Vdi mot mdu thi nghi?m d gia tri - Sd vong quay ciia dia phanh n= 550 vong/ phut; tdi tac dyng, lay ket qua va xir ly sd lieu - Ap luc dau phanh tac dyng nen pit tong ciia he thong xy lanh - pit tdng ddu tii 0,5 kg/cm^ 3.5 Ket qua thuc nghiem va thao luan den kg/cm^ Ket qua thuc nghiem khdo sat tinh nang - Thir nghiem vdi mdu s6 1, mlu sd 2, mdu ma sat ciia loai md phanh thdng dyng hien so 3; luc phanh thay d6i tii 0,5 Bar, din Bar - Dudng kinh dia phanh D= 220mm; dugc the hien bdng 3.3 - Thi nghiem vdi dieu kien ma sdt khd; - Dien tich be mat vat lieu ma sat ciia ma He so ma sat giua ma phanh (tdm ma sdt) phanh xe S^: vd dia phanh dugc tinh theo cdng thiic: Mdu sd la Sj=15,07cm^; Mdu sd va bdng S,=S =13,93 cml - Vat li$u ciia mdu ma phanh thi nghiem: Composite ddng - Dien tich pit tong ngam dudi la: S , - 14,1 cm^ Trong dd: P - Luc phanh len be mat tdm ma sat Mp - md men phanh cua co cau phanh ^a Rj - Ban kinh tac dyng cua luc ma sat ddi vdi phanh dia Bdng 3.3: Kit qudtinhtodn he sd ma sdtf Ap suat dau phanh (Bar) 0,5 1,5 2,5 He so ma sat mSu so 0,55 0,49 0,41 0,39 0,37 H^ s6 ma s^t m l u so 0,64 0,48 0,40 0,37 0,35 H^ s6 ma sdt m l u so 0,65 0,50 0,48 0,41 0,39 ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VlfiT NAM, S6 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CUfU-TRAOD6I He s6 ma sdt cua loai ma phanh dp lye ddu plianh thay ddi dugc thi hien tren hmh - He sd ma sat ed loai ma phanh deu co « gia tri cao tai ap luc ddu phanh 0,5 Bar - Khi dp luc ddu phanh tang den 1,5 Bar su khac biet v l he sd ma sat den 20% gia tri va ca loai ma phanh deu gidm he sd ma sdt tii 25% - 37% KET LUAN ~lliu*il • miu^Z —MkniJ Hinh Biiu he so ma sdt phu thudc vdo dp luc dduphanh Nhan xet: - Thuc nghiem khao sdt tinh ndng ciia ma phanh xe mdy tren thilt bi BK MS-MFXM da cho thdy su thay d i i cua he s6 ma sdt vdo dp lire ddu phanh - Ket qua ban ddu ciia thuc nghiem co thi xac dinh dugc ap luc ddu phanh tao he so ma sdt cao cho cd loai ma phanh la khoang 0,5 -IBar Ket qua khao sat tinh nang ma sat cua loai ma phanh ap luc ddu phanh thay ddi tir 0,5 -^ 2,5 Bar tren hinh cho thdy: - Cling cdn xet tdi ma sat cua lop xe va mat duang t i n g the he thing phanh thi mdi xac dinh dugc rd ban ve dnh hudng ma ap - Khi tang dp luc ddu phanh tir 0,5 ^ luc ddu phanh tdi qua trinh phanh cua xe may, Bar thi he sl ma sdt deu giam va ca loai ma ciing nhu dp luc dau phanh cho he sd ma sat lan nhdt.'J* phanh dfiu cd he sd ma sat tuang dong Ngdy nhan bdi: 15/6/2015 Ngay phan bien: 20/7/2015 Tai li^u tham khao: [1 ] Nguyen Anh Tuan, Pham Van Himg; Ma sdt hoc, Truong Dai hgc Bach Khoa Ha Npi [2] Nguyen Hoa Thinh, Nguyen Dmh Due; Vgt lieu Composite ca hoc & cong nghi, NXB khoa hgc va ky thuat (2002) [3] Doan Thi Thu Loan; Gia cong Composite, NXB Bach Khoa, Ha Npi (2013) [4] Nguyin Hihi Can; Phanh oto ca sd khoa hoc vd thdnh tu mdi, NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuSt Ha Npi (2004) [6] Nguyen Anh Tuan, Nguyen Van Them; Ky thuat ma sdt vd bien phdp ndng cao tuoi thp thiet bi [7] Donald H Buckley "Friction Wear andLubncation in Vacuum " Washington, NASALevisResearchCenter, 1971 [8] Kragelsky, V V Alisin Friction, Wear, Lubrication.TriboIogy handboo, Mu" Publishers, (1981) [9] Mazumdar, Sanjay K Composites manufacturing: materials, product, anh process engineering The United states of America (2002) [10].https://www.ftc.gov/sites/defaull/Mes/documents/comniission_decision_volumes/voiume-73/fted-vol73januaryJune 1968pages610-711 pdf ISSN 0866-7056 TAP CHI CO KHi VIET NAM, S l nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn ... dua thi VAT LIEU COMPOSITE LAM MA tmong nhilu sdn phdm, phu tiing thay the, PHANH XE MAY cd cap ma phanh xe may Trong qua trinh sir xe may, cap ma phanh ciia xe may c6 anh hudng Vat lieu composite... lanh dAu ma phanh; 4) Ma phanh; 5) D6ng h6 luc; 6) H$ thdng ngam phanh; 7) Bp ly hop; 8) Day dai; 9) Dong co; 10) Dia phanh xe may 3.2 Miu thi nghiem Mlu thi nghiem: Mlus6 la ma phanh cua xe 110... cua xe 110 cc; Mlus6 lamaphanhcuaxe95cc; Mlu s6 la ma phanh cua xe 125 cc dugfc the hien tren hinh Hinh 4: Mau chudn hi thi nghiem Kinh thuoc co ban cua ba mlu ma phanh xe may thuc nghiem dugc