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NGHIEN Cl]rU-TRAO Ddi NGHIEN Ctru KHAO SAT MOT S6 THONG S6 LAM VI$C CUA HE TH6NG PHANH DAN DONG KHI NEN LAP TREN XE TAI SAN XUAT LAP RAP TAI VIET NAM A STUDY ON EFFECTS OF STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS OF THE PNEUMATIC BRAKE SYSTEM ON TRUCKS MADE IN VIETNAM ThS Trdn Van Quylt', TS Dfldng Ngoc Khdnh^ 'Trfldng Dai hpc Sfl pham Ky thu^t Hflng Yin ^Trfldng Dai hpc Bdch Khoa Ha Ndi T6MTAT De tien tdi muc tieu ngi dia hod theo chiin lUdc xdy diing vd phdt trien ngdnh Cong nghiep to cua Chinh phu, viic tUng biidc ldm chd cdng nghe qud trinh thiet ke, che tao vd tien tdi xdy diing ddy chuyin sdn xudt cdc cum vd he thong tren to Id viec ldm rdt cdn thiet Bdi bdo ndy, tien hdnh mo phong he thong phanh ddn dong nen trin td tdi diictc sdn xudt, lap rdp tqi Viit Nam Sau dd, md hinh md phdng dUdc sii dung di khdo sdt dnh hudng cua mgt so thong so ket cdu tdi khd ndng ldm viec cda hi thSng Tii do, dUa cdc thong so kit cdu toi Uu, phu hdp vdi he thong phanh ddn dgng nen trang bi tren xe tdi Ddy co the coi Id mdt bUdc quan trgng qud trinh tinh todn thiet ke vd tien tdi che tao he thong phanh ddn dgng nen cho cdc xe tdi dUOc sdn xudt, lap rdp tqi Viit Nam Tfl khoa: Mo phong phanh nen, xe tdi tdn ABSTRACT In order to achieve localization goal according to automobile industry development strategy ofthe government, gradually build concrete steps of owning technology in the design and manufacture process, as well as approach building automobile parts and systems production line In this paper, performance of air brake system in trucks manufactured and assembled in Vietnam And then, the simulation model will be used to investigate the effect of some vehicle structures specifications to air brake system performance Thus, the optimal structures specifications were proposed to appropriate for truck air brake system This is an important step in the analysis and design process, as well as toward manufacture for large trucks are manufactured and assembled in Vietnam Keywords: Simulation, the pneumatic brake, large tucs of tanes TAP CHi CO KHf V I £ T NAM Sd ndm 2013 B t l NGHIEN CLJfU - TRAO D O I l.DATVANDE Hien nay, trin hau hit cdc xe tdi deu sfl dung he thdng phanh dan ddng nen va he thdng phanh ddng vai trd rat quan trpng ddi vdi an toan chuyen ddng cua d td Theo thdng kl, edc vu tai nan xay he thdng phanh la 52,2 - 74,4% [6] Vi v^y, viec nang eao chat Ifldng cua he thdng phanh nen lap tren d td tai la rat can thiet Trfldc khdng cd sfl ho trd cua may tinh thi viec thiet ke cac he thdng trin d td ndi chung va he thdng phanh nen ndi rieng gap nhilu khd khan Qua trinh thiet ke phai trai qua nhieu giai doan thiet ke thfl, thi nghiem dae nhieu mdi rut dflpc cac thdng sd kit cau phu hdp vdi yeu cau vd tilu chuan dat Ngay nay, vdi sfl hd trd cfla cac phan mem chuyen dung, viec md phdng cac he thdng tren d td qua trinh thiet ke trd nin ddn gian hdn va dat kit qua vdi dp chinh xac cao md ta qua trinh lam viec cua nd Tuy nhien, bdn chdt vat ly efla cac hien tfldng xay he thdng ddn ddng nen rdt phflc tap Cho t6i nay, vile md phdng mdt each hoan toan chinh xac Id khdng the thflc hien dUde, dac bilt la cac qua trinh qua dd Do vay, ngUdi ta thfldng sil dung cdc phfldng phap md phdng gdn dflng de gidi quyet bai toan Hien nay, cd kha nhieu phfldng phap md phdng cdc he thdng nen va ndi chung chung deu cd flu nhfldc dMm rieng Mdt eac phfldng phap md phdng biln hiln la phUdng phap rad phdng tap trung cua Metliuk Ban chat cfla phUdng phdp ndy la difa trin nguyen tac: i) Thi tich tat ca cac phan tfl eua he thdng (van, dfldng dng, ca cau ch£p hanh, ) dfldc coi la tap trung t^i mdt dung tich va sflc can cfla cdc phan tfl tap trung t^ mfit tilt lflu; ii) Lflu Ifldng di qua cac diem nut trlnscf dd md phdng dfldc tinh theo quy tac tinh dong diln di qua dilm nut Hiln nay, nhilu xe tai dang dfldc san xu& M PHONG HE THONG PHANH KHi N £ N va lap rdp t^ Viet Nam Mpt sd la lo?i xe tai tdn sfl dung phanh ddn ddng nen hai Dl nghien cflu ddng lflc hpc efla he thdng ddng ddc l^p nhfl tren hinh phanh can phai thilt lap dfldc cac phfldng trinh c:C^DiiiJ^^2t^l^ P max ^€31 II Mf J P max ^ ^ P „ n x II It =G: m a, Ddn dgng phanh cdu trUdc i^i^Cxlh b, Ddn ddng phanh cdu sau V: dung tich nut thie i (i = 1,2 14); fi: he so lUu lUdng; f tiit diin cda tiit lUu; P : dp sudt binh chiia nen; Hinh Sd md phong hi thong ddn ddng phanh nen TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd nam 2013 NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO eOl Ddi vdi h i thdng phanh nen cd nhilu thdng sd lam viec, va cdc thdng s6 ldm viec chu yeu dfldc t h i hiln trin hinh TrgdghipDi Cblti«u 4Utlh|tt Tfl hinh 2, ta nhdn thdy ed ba thdng sd chinh can dfldc nghien cflu va khao sat: Van gia tdc, tilt dien cac dng dan va tilt diln cdc bdu phanh Xet d i n sfl dnh hfldng cua ba thdng sd tdi thdi gian c h ^ tae dyng eua he thdng va quang dfldng phanh He phfldng trinh vi phdn md ta d i n ddng phanh dfldc md td d trin cd dang nhfl sau: ISnh Sd cdc thong s6 ldm viic cda hi thong phanh nin H^ phfldng trinh vi phan md ta ddn dpng phanh eau trfldc: (1) ^ *»'(-"/},/' (2) (3) fv,+Fy ^ F' { k C (4) -M/ypM dy _F dp^ dl~ C dt (5) He phl^Oi^ trinh vi plian mo ta dan dpng phanh cau sau: (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Pt -Pu (11) p- - Pll (12) Bp.-p,, (13) dy _F dpf (14) T ^ CHl C O KHl VI$T NAM, S6 nam 2013 NGHIEN CIJlU - TRAO D O I Quang ditdng phanh diicfc tinh theo coi^ cita td phanh; V: Van toe chuyen ddng cua xe; S: He'so ki den dnh hiidng ciia cdc kha thijCc sau: liidng quay phanh J(K,P,*JG*C^^A/V' dt' GS, Sfl dung edng cy Matlab-Simulink ni6 phdng dan ddng phanh eau trUdc, cau sau dflOc md ta bdi edc he phfldng trinh d tren Sd dd khffi A,B: Xdc dinh bdng thUc nghiem, doi vdi he md phdng dfldc trinh bay trin hinh vd hinh thong nen tren to ta co: A= 0,654; B =1.13; KET QUA M P H N G VA PHU'ONG AN V*; van toe gidi han: v' = •\lkRT (~330m/s:van tdc Ll^A CHON KET cXu * truyin song khdng khi); k =1.4; F: Dien tich tiet dien cda piston; Y- Khodng dich chuyen cUa * Khao sdt sU dnh hUdng cua van gia tdc piston; C: cdng quy doi; C^: He so cdn khong (0,8 -i- 0,9) vdi xe tdi; p: Mat khong khi; v: Vdn toe cua xe; A- Diin tich cdn chinh dien; K: He De khao sdt vai trd efla van gia tdc troi^ sd phu thudc vdo cdc thong so kit cdu cda cd cduddn ddng phanh ta xet hai trfldng hdp: i), cau sau phanh; p: Ap sudt cdp vdo bdu phanh; G: Trongkhdng ldp van gia tdc; ii) eau sau cd lap van gia liiOng khdng tdi cua xe; S: Qudng dUdng di dUdc tde Ket qua md phdng dUde thi hiln trin hmh Trong do: EH -Hinh Sd dd khSi md phong ddn ddng phanh edu trUdc Hinh Sd khSi mo phong ddn ddng phanh cdu sau TAP CHi CO KHf VlfiT NAM, Sd nam 2013 NGHIEN CUfU-TRAODdi [ 4- /^P ^ ^ c vangia toe ^^^-khong CO van gja toe - a, Ap sudt d hdu phanh trUde; b, Ap sudt d bdu phanh sau; ISnh Ap sudt tqi cdc bdu phanh xet din dnh hudng van gia toe Theo TCVN 6822 : 2001 vl thdi gian eh^m tae dyng eua he thdng phanh nen, tai thdi diem t = 0,6s thi dp suat tai bau phanh P phdi dat trin 90% gid tri P (trin cac xe hiln P^^ phd biln la 7N/m^) Tfl hinh 5-a ta thdy dp sudt bdu phanh eau trfldc dat tilu chuan vl thdi gian cham tdc dung (tai t = 0,6s thi P = 95,7% P^^) Hinh 5-b chp thdy dp suat bdu phanh cdu sau ed sfl khdc bilt rd ret hai trUdng hdp cd va khdng cd van gia tdc TrUdng hdp cd lap van gia tdc thi dp suat bau phanh cau sau tang nhanh hdn so vdi trUdng hdp khdng lap van gia tde va dat tieu chuan ve thdi gian cham tac dimg (t^i t = 0,6s thi P = 94,28%P^^) TrUdng hdp khdng lap van gia tdc thi h i thdng khdng d^it tilu chuan ve thdi gian eh$m tdc dyng (tai t = 0,6s thi P = 81,42% P ^ ) * Khdo sdt sU dnh hiidng cua thdng so tiet diin cdc ong ddn nen Bdng Dudng kinh cdc doan 6ng ddn nen (chgn theo tiiu ehudn cda nhd sdn xudt) Cac niit 3,4 Diidng ldnh Dl (mm) D\ldng ldnh D2 (mm) 10 12 10 10 9,12 10 12 12 12 Dil6ng kinh D3 (mm) 14 10 14 14 14 10 10,11,13,14 De khao sat vai trd cua dfldng kinh dng ddn dan ddng phanh, ta thay ddi kich thflde dfldng dng nhfl bdng Kit qud md phdng dfldc the hien trin hinh „X10' 513 //T^ D2 r • ^^^Dl Oi 04 0,6 08 Tluii]ian(si a, Ap sudt bdu phanh trUdc; 1,4 16 '0 0.2 04 0^ 08 Thoiqianist i: 6, Ap sudt bdu phanh sau; Hinh Ap sudt tqi cdc bdu phanh xit den dnh hUdng cua tiet diin 6ng T A P C H f C O K H f V l £ T N A M , S nam 2013 16 NGHIEN cflu - TRAO Ddi Til hinh va hinh ta thay ba trddng hop dddng kinh ong dan, tif ket qua d6 thi cho thay trddng hdp dddng kinh ong (D^) la phu hdp vdi cac tieu chuan v^ thdi gian cham tac dung (tai t = Q,6s thi P = % P „ J , quang dddng phanh (S^„ < 20m vdi van tdc v = 60km/h TCVN 6822:2001 v^ danh gia h i t a qua quang dddng phanh) phanh dan dpng phanh, ta thay ddi kich thddc dddng kinh bau phanh n h d bang Ket qui md phdng dddc the hien tren hinh Td hinh va hinh 9, ba trUdng h(lp thay ddi dddng kinh ban phanh cho thJy trddng; hdp dddng kinh ban phanh (D^) la phu hdp vdi cac tilu chuin ve thdi gian ch^m tac di,mg vi hiSu q u i quang dddng phanh 02 04 0,6 0.8 Thoi 9an (s> 1,2 1.4 1.« cl, Ap sudt bdu phanh tnidc; Hinh Hi$u qud qudng dudng phanh xet den hUdng cua tiet dien b, Ap sudt bdu phanh sau; Hinh HiSu qud qudng dudng phanh xet den dnh hudng cua tiet dien bdu phanh ;- Hinh Ap sudt tai cdc bdu phanh xet den anh hUdng cua tiet dien bdu phanh V^y td ket qua nghien cdu ta rut cac thdng sd k i t cau tdi du ddi vdi dan ddng phanh * Khao sdt stf anh hiidng cua ihdng so tiet di&n nen tren xe tai tan nhd sau: cdc hdu phanh Bdng Thdng sS kit cdu Bdng Dudng kinh cdc bdu phanh (chon theo tiiu chudn cua nhd sdn xudt) Cic nut Cac bSu phanh Dddng kinh Dl (mm) Dddng kinh D2 (mm) Dddng kinh 03 (mm) Trddc 120 140 160 Sau 140 160 180 10,11,13,14 3,4 9,12 Dif ilng kinh ong d i n n^n (mm) 12 12 12 12 S Chilu dai (m) 3,5 1,5 1,1 1,5 1,5 Cac bau phanh Tnfdc Sau 140 160 Diiirng kinh bau phanh (mm) De khao sat vai trd cua dfldng kinh bdu T A P C H i C O K H f V l f i T N A M , Sd nam 2013 i NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO B6\ KET LUAN Md hinh tinh toan va khao sat da nghiin cflu dfldc sfl anh hfldng cfla edc ylu td dau vao (van gia t d c tiet d i | n dng va tilt diln bau phanh) din thdi gian chdm tdc dung va hilu qua qudng dudng phanh de tfl dd dfla phfldng an phu hdp Kit qua dfla thdng sd ky thudt cho h i thdng phanh nen tren xe tan la phfl hdp vdi thflc t l vd ed tinh khd thi cao Tdi flu qud trinh thilt k l tinh todn Vdi each tilp can nay, hodn todn cd the dp dung cho cdc loai xe tai khdc sfl dvmg phanh nen Tfl dd tien tdi ndi dia hda vl thilt ke, san xuat vd ldp rap he thdng phanh ddn ddng nen trin xe tai tgi Vilt Nam • Ngay nhdn bai: 10/6/2013 Ngay phan biln: 15/7/2013 Ngfldi phan biln: TS Nguyin Chi Tinh, Khoa Cd diln, Trfldng Dai hpe Md - Dai chat Tai li^u tham khao: [ 1] Nguyen HQu Can, Dfl Qu6c Thinh, Pham Minh Thai, Nguyen Van Tai, Le Thi Vang, Ly thuyit d to mdy kio, NXB Khoa hpc Ky thuat Ha Npi, 2000 [2] Nguyen Khac Trai, CO sd thiit kid td, NXB Giao thong Van tdi Ha Ngi, 2004 [3] Nguyin Trpng Hoan,'Dgng lUc hgc cdc hi thong thuy tren d to, Trfldng Dai hpc Bach Khoa Ha Npi, 2007 [4] Tran Van Nghia, Tin hgc dng dung thUt ke Cd khi, NXB Giao due [5] Robert Bosch Gmbh, Automotive Brake Systems, 1995 [6] www.doko.vn TAP CHt C O KHf VI$T NAM Sd nam 2013 ... Ap sudt bdu phanh tnidc; Hinh Hi$u qud qudng dudng phanh xet den hUdng cua tiet dien b, Ap sudt bdu phanh sau; Hinh HiSu qud qudng dudng phanh xet den dnh hudng cua tiet dien bdu phanh ;- Hinh... _F dpf (14) T ^ CHl C O KHl VI$T NAM, S6 nam 2013 NGHIEN CIJlU - TRAO D O I Quang ditdng phanh diicfc tinh theo coi^ cita td phanh; V: Van toe chuyen ddng cua xe; S: He''so ki den dnh hiidng ciia... ddng phanh edu trUdc Hinh Sd khSi mo phong ddn ddng phanh cdu sau TAP CHi CO KHf VlfiT NAM, Sd nam 2013 NGHIEN CUfU-TRAODdi [ 4- /^P ^ ^ c vangia toe ^^^-khong CO van gja toe - a, Ap sudt d hdu phanh
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