Phân tích và lựa chọn phương án thiết kế khung máy đột CNC

NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO Ddi PHAN TiCH VA LIJA CHON PHl/QNG AN THI^T K^ KHUNG MAY DOT CNC ANALYSIS AND SELECTING DESIGN SOLUTION FOR FRAME OF CNC PUNCHING MACHINE PGS, TS Hoang Vinh Sinh\ ThS Vu Dinh Minh^ KS Nguyen Van Quan^ ^Viln Cd khi, Trfldng Dai hpc Bach Khoa Ha Ndi ^Cdng ty TNHH Cd diln tfl Bach Khoa (BKMech) TOM TAT LUa chon phUdng dn thiet ke khung mdy dot CNC phii hdp se khdng chi ddm bdo cdc dqc tinh ky thudt cua mdymd cdn gidp ddm bdo khd ndng chi tao sau ndy Cdc chi tieu ddnh gid xet din dnh hUdng cua khung mdy din dqc tinh cua mdy, tinh khd thi che tao, van chuyen, lap ddt vd ldi ich cua ngddi sU dung mdy PhUdng dn liia chgn si Id phddng dn cd ldi ich cao nhdt cho ngUdi che tqo vd ngUdi s^ dung dUa tren sU ddnh ^d tiing chi tieu neu tren cdng nhUxet den mtic quan cua mdi chi tieu ndy Tfl khda: Khung mdy; Mdy dot CNC; LUa chon; Chi tieu ddnh gid ABSTRACT Selecting suitable design solution for the frame ofthe CNC punching machine will not only ensure the technical characteristics ofthe design but also to help ensure the ability to manufacture later Criterias are considered on the impact of the frame to machine characteristics, the feasibility for manufacturing, transportation, installation and benefits ofthe users The choosing solution willgive the highest benefit for the designers and users based on the assessment of each criteria mentioned above as well as the important of each criteria Keywords: Machine frame, CNC punching machine, selection, criteria TAP CHf CO KHf V I £ T NAM, Sd nam 2013 , ,.^-^j ^ NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO D(!)l l.DATVANDE VI phfldng an bd tri he thdng kep phoi, d l an toan cho ngfldi sfl dung may, he thdng kep phdi se dfldc bd tri phia trfldc ddi vdi cdc may cd ban chuyen dong hoae bd tri phia sau trfldng hdp ban co dinh Sfl bd tri h i thdng kep phdi phia trfldc hoac sau khdng anh hfldng nhieu d i n dp cflng vflng cua mdy cd khung kin nhUng anh hfldng rd ret ddi vdi may ed khung hd He thdng kep phdi bd tri phia sau may khung hd se Iam phan edng xdn phia trin cua than may nho ngodi nhieu hon khiln khung may item cflng vflng hdn Trong cac cum kit cau chinh cua may dot CNC, khung may ddng vai trd rat quan trpng bdi nd se quylt dinh tdi dp chinh xac cua may va thiet ke cua cac he thdng khac lap t r i n may nhfl he thdng kep phdi, ban may, he thdng thay dung cu Khung cua cdc may dot CNC tren the gidi dfldc chia hai loai chinh: Khung hd (hay cdn gpi la khung chfl C hoac chfl J) vdi cac mau may nhfl: Trupunch 5000; Strippit FC, Aries 245, Motorum 2548 va khung kin (hay cdn gpi la khung chfl O) vdi cdc mau may nhfl Pega 367, AE2510NT, Tailift Maxl250x Sfl phdi hdp gifla nhflng lfla Cae hang sdn xuat thfldng thiet ke may chpn thiet ke khung kin hoac khung hd, be thdng dot CNC theo mdt bdn hfldng sau: kep phdi phia trfldc hoac sau may va ban may ed dinh hoac di chuyen se tao nhflng phfldng an thiet k l khung may khac Van de can nghien cflu d day la nhflng phfldng an thiet ke nay, phUdng an thilt ke nao phu hdp nhat vdi kha nang cdng nghl hien tai vd cd ldi ich cao nhat PhUdng dn lUa chpn phai dfldc danh gid tren cd sd dinh Ifldng de dfla kit qua khach quan nhat CAC PHUONG A N T H I E T K E A N H HUOiNG DEN CAU TAO CUA KHUNG M A Y D O T CNC Ve cau tao chung khung may dot dflpc chia hai loai: Khung may dang hd va khung may dang kin Khung may dot dang hd cd ddu dot nam ngoai cung cua phan khung cdng xdn phia tren Ddi vdi dang khung hd, phdi cd the nap tfl nhilu phia nen rat thuan tien cho ngudi sfl dung Dang khung thich hdp vdi nhflng he thdng thay dung cu cd sd Ifldng dung cu it hoac he thdng thay dung cu dang thing Trong dd, khung may dot dang kin thi chay dot nam d gifla, phia tren cua mdt vdng khep kin Ddi vdi dang khung khep kin, phdi chi nap dfldc tfl ben sUdn vao Diem manh cua phUdng an thilt ke la kit cau khung vflng chac nhUng khdng thuan tien cho ngUdi van hdnh Cae nha san xuat Ifla chpn phUdng dn thilt k l sfl dung he thdng thay dung cu dang mam xoay vdi sd lUdng dung cu len tdi vai ehue bd Vi khdi Ifldng mam xday rat Idn nen chi phu hdp lap tren mdy cd khung khep kin TAP CHf C O KHI V I £ T NAM, Sd nam PhUOngdn (PAl): Khungmdykin, bdn mdydiuyin ddt^ PhUdng dn (PA2): Khung mdy kin, bdn mdy co dinh PhUdng dn (PA3): Khung mdy hd, bdn mdy codinh, he thong kep phoi phia sau 2013 NGHIEN Cflu - TRAO OOl - Ldi ich cua ngfldi sfl dung: sfl thudn tien sfl dung; Dp an toan; kich thflde; Gid Phfldng an Ifla chpn tdt nhat se la phUdng an cd danh gid tren cac chi tilu tot nhat Tong Idi ich cfla cac phfldng dn nhfl sau: n V[x}='Y^w.v.(x) ;=1 PhUdng dn (PA4): Khung mdy hd, bdn mdy di dong, he thong kep phdi phia trUdc Trong dd: Hmh 1: CdcphUdngdn thiit ki khung mdy dot CNC - V(x): Lpi ich cua phfldng an x; - vi(x): Gid tri cfla cfla phfldng an x theo chi tieu Cac md hinh khung may dUde ddn gian thfl i Thang diem dfldc danh gia tfl den tfldng hda dudi dang file CAD 3D, vdi cung khdi Ifldng dfldng vdi "kem" va "tdt"; la 4200 kg vd dam bdo hanh trinh gia cdng la - wi: Trpng so cua ehi tilu thfl i 1270x2500 mm de tao sU tUdng ddng so sdnh Cac phUdng an se dUdc Ian Ifldt xet den ve Trong nghien cflu nay, cac danh gia se chu dp vflng vflng, kha nang c h l tao va cac dac diem yeu dfla trin dac diem cua mdi mau mdy va kit khdc nhu ve dd an toan, gia nhu qua md phdng FEA de dfla kit qua phfl hdp cac phan tiep theo nhat vdi thflc te CAC CHI TIEU L U A CHON P H U O N G A N THIET KE, CHE TAO KHUNG M A Y De danh gia lUa chpn phUdng dn kit cau may tdt nhat, L.N Ldpez de Lacalle va A Lamikiz [1] da de xuat cdc chi tieu ddnh gia chinh la; i) dp cflng vflng, ii) gia thanh, iii) kha nang tiep can, iv) sfl linh hoat, v) sfl ddi xflng, vi) kich thflde va vii) sU an todn cho ngUdi sfl dung Nhflng chi tilu nay, thien ve nhflng lfla chpn cua ngfldi thiet k l va sfl dung ma thilu gdc nhin ve khdu c h l tao Theo chi tieu danh gid cua Semih Onut [2], nghien cflu can bd sung t h i m cae chl tieu v l sfl phu hdp vdi cdng nghl hien cd, sfl thuan tien van chuyen, lap dat va thay ddi mdt sd chi tieu de phfl hdp vdi chung loai mdy ndy Do dd, bp chi tieu Ifla chpn de so sdnh cac mau thilt ke khung mdy dot CNC se bao gdm cac nhdm sau: - Dac tinh may: Dp cflng; tan sd tfl nhiln; sfl ddi xflng - Ldi ich cua nha san xudt: Sfl phfl hdp vdi cdng nghe gia cdng hiln cd; Sfl thuan ti|n van ehuyen, lap dat PHAN TICH DO CCNG VITNG CUA KHUNG M A Y 4.1 Dd cflng cua khung may Vdi dang khung kin: Lflc tfl dau dot dfldc truyen xudng dat thdnh vdng kin, lflc phdn bd tfldng ddi deu hai ben cau Khung may ed cflng cao Id dac diem noi trdi nhat cua phfldng an Do dp eflng tdt hdn so vdi trfldng hpp khung hd nen may khung kin cd the dfldc thiet ke mdng hdn khiln khdi Ifldng giam xudng tfldng dfldng vdi trfldng hdp khung hd Ddi vdi dang khung hd: Lflc tac dung cua dau dot bd tri d phia ngoai cung cua phan than cdng xdn gay chuyin vi ldn hdn so vdi trfldng hdp khung kin Tuy nhien, nhilu hang sdn xuat may tren the gidi van lfla chon dang kit cau vi ed t h i chia khung may thdnh nhieu phan giup ddn gian hda qua trinh gia cdng Ngoai ra, vdi loai may khung hd, ngfldi sfl dung se thoai mdi nhdt vi CO the tilp xue de dang vdi vung gia cdng TAP CHf CO KHi VIET NAM Sd nam 2013 NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D | Bien dang cua md hinh khung may se chi xet theo hfldng true Z vi day Id hUdng chiu lUc nhieu nhdt tac dung cua khdi lUdng mam dung cu va lflc sinh dot Dp cflng cua cac md hinh khung may theo phUdng Z nhU sau: Nhu vay, bdn loai khung may ke tren, khd nang chdng bien dang tinh cua phUdng dn va la ldn nhdt, tilp theo la phfldng an vi Tren thflc tl, dp eflng efla khung may thap hon nhieu so vdi trUdng hdp ddn gian hda ke tren Tuy nhien, tfldng quan v l kha nang chdng bien dang tinh cua bdn phfldng an la khdng thay doi 4.2 Tdn so tU nhien cua khung mdy y ^ PAl: Kz=^r— r i: =3333N/f(m S Tan sd tfl nhien la mdt dai Itfdng quan trpng dac trflng eho tinh chat ddng Iflc hpc cua may cdng cu Tan sd tfl nhien se anh hfldng den dp ben va rung ddng eua may sau Muc tieu thiet k l la dat dfldc kit cau toi flu vdi khdi Iflong nhd nhat, dp eflng va tan sd tfl nhien ldn nhat co the Trong trUdng hdp gidi ban khdi lUdng nhif tren, kit cau tdt nhat vl ddng lUe hpe Id kit cau cd tan sd tU n h i l n flng vdi dang dao dpng rieng dau tien ldn nhat Kit qua tan so tfl nhien flng v6i cdc dang dao ddng rieng cua khung may phan tich tren phdn mem ANSYS nhfl sau: Bdng 1: Tdn s6tUnhiin cua cdcphUdngdn thUtke khung mdy Dang dao dong rieng = 417N/i4n Phitcfng an Phiiong an Phiidng an Phildng an4 55 Hz 55 Hz 58 Hz 73 Hz 112 Hz 112 Hz 73 Hz 96 Hz 145 Hz 145 Hz 128 Hz 153 Hz 187 Hz 187 Hz 165 Hz 202 Hz 195 Hz 195 Hz 346 Hz 364 Hz 299 Hz 299 Hz 374 Hz 406 Hz Ket qua tan so tU nhien cua bon phUdng an (bang 1), tan so tii nhien dau tien ciia phildng an thil tu la 16n nhat, cac phuong an khac co tan so tu nhien dau tien tiJong duong Do do, phuong an thiJ tU la phtJong an duoc coi la co d? ben dpng lUc hpc tot hon 1000 PA4: Kz4= - ~ = 735 N/fim CONG N G H $ GIA CONG KHUNG MAY D O T CNC Hinh 2: Biin dqng tinh cua md hinh khung mdy TAP CHI C O KHl VIET NAM, S6 nam 2013 Cac vi tri can gia cong tren khung may dgt NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO D O I bao gdm: - Cdc b l mat trin be d l lap ray dan hfldng, gdi dd vit me bi, gdi dd mdm dung cu; Cdc mat phang phia dfldi cfla phan khung trin d l lap gdi dd mam dung cu; r^r - Cac b l mat eua phan khung trin vudng gdc vdi than de lap gid ddng ca, Iy hdp vd gdi trUdt cho dau dot; - Cdc Id tren khung de lap vd may, eae cum chi tilt phu Hinh 3: Cdc vj tri cdn gia cdng trin khung mdy AE255NT Hinh 4: Cdc vi tri cdn gia cong trin khung mdy ARIES 245 Hiln nay, cac mdy phay nfldc thfldng la loai phay dflng, hanh trinh trung binh nen gia cdng cdc b l mat khung kin se gap nhilu khd khan Thiet k l khung may dot dang hd thi se tan dung tdt hdn nhflng may mdc hiln cd Tham khao mau may Aries 245 c h l tao nam 1988 cua hang Amada, khung mdy dUde ehia phdn: phan khung chfl C chfla he thdng thay dung cu, he thdng dot va phan khung de bd tri he thong dan ddng Cac phan dflpc ghep vdi bang bu Idng va gd dinh vi SU tach rdi khung mdy khdng chi lam phu hop hdn vdi phfldng an gia cdng tren may phay dflng ma cdn cd the tan dung cac may cd hdnh trinh nhd hdn de gia cdng Cac vi tri can gia cdng tren be mat be may AE255NT (dang khung kin) phai dfldc tiln hdnh DANH GIA CAC PHUONG AN tren may phay ngang cd lap dau phay chuyen dung de chuyen sang dang phay dflng Ddu phay Dfla tren phfldng phdp danh gia va bd chi CO the quay 180'^ de gia cdng mat tren cua khung tieu da neu tren day, Idi ich cua bdn phfldng dn cflng mpt ldn ga thilt k l se cd gid tri nhU sau: g 2: So sdnh 10 ich cua cdc phUdng a Chi tieu Do cflng (V|) Tan sd tfl nhi^n (v^) Sfl doi xflng (v,) Sy phil hpp vdi cong nghe gia cong hien cd (v^) Su thuan tien van chuyen, ldp dat (vJ 0,18 0,14 w.v 0,90 0,56 0,07 0,21 0,35 0,42 Dang khung may PA2 PA3 V V w.v w.v 0,90 0,36 4 0,56 0,56 0,35 0,14 0,42 0,84 0,1 0,20 Trong s6 (wi) PAl V 0,20 0,40 PA4 w.v 0,54 0,70 0,21 V 1,05 0,50 TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM, So nam 2013 NGHIEN Cflu - TRAO OOl su thuan tien sii dung (v6) 0,08 0,32 0,24 0,40 0,32 Do an toan (v7) 0,07 0,28 0,35 0,35 0,28 Kich thu4c (v8) 0,07 0,35 0,28 0,28 0,35 Gia (v9) 0,07 0,28 0,28 0,28 0,35 T6ng cdng 3,66 3,58 Nhu vay, cac phUcfng an ke tren, phuong an thii tU la phtiong an co t6ng lpi ich lofn nhat PhUcfng an ciing la phuong an co so chi tieu dat miic trung binh trcf len nhieu nhat, v6i chi tieu dat Tiep theo la phUcfng an thii ba vdi chi tieu d^t Cuoi ciing la phuong an thii nhat va thii hai vdi chi tieu dat 3,61 4,30 Philcfng a n Phiitmg an « PA4 -.»-TnjngUnh Hinh 5: DS thi so sdnh dudng hi ich ciifl cdcphUdng dn vdi dudng ldi ich trung binh — PAl -^^-Trll,lg01l PhKBng an Di,(a tr^n cac danh gia, nen Uu ti^n l^ia chpn phuong an thii tu lam phiiong an thift ii, che tao di co siJ k h i thi va lpi ich cao nhat Ldi t h j cila phuong an 14 co dac tinh ddng lUc hpc tot nhSt, phil hpp vdi cdng ngh$ gia c6ng hiin c6, thuan ti$n v^n chuyin, lap dat v4 khdng gian can de bo tri, gia t h i n h thip Diem yfa ldn nhit ciia phuong an la d6 cilng khdng cao Do dd, ngU6i thift ke nSn can nhae lija chpn phuong in thift ke cac may co so lUpng dung cu ldn 7.KETLUAN — PA2 - » - Tiungbti Fhiiofi^ an — PA3 »- Tnmgbii Bai bao da chi rang vdi cong nghe hien tai, mau may dot CNC co d ^ g khung hd cimg vii ban may di ddng, he thdng k^p phdi phia tnidc | phuong an kha thi va mang Iji nhieu Icfi ich nhit Tuy nhien, vdi quan d i l m khac cila nhiim ngudi Ilia chpn, cac chi tieu vi trpng sd cd thf thay ddi dSn den ket quJ lua chpn se khdc Vi dti, n i u Uu tien phuong an thiet k l cd kha nang ch6ng bien dang, sU thuan tiln, an to4n sfl dving thi cac trpng sd tUOng dng se p h i i thay ddi theo Kft qua lua chpn cd tac dyng ho trd djnh hudng cho q u a t r m h t h i l t k l n h U n g c h u a d i l c a n c d d l IdiKg dinh la phuong an tdi Uu **• TAP C H l C O KHf VIET NAM, Sd nam 2013 NGHIEN Clhi - TRAO D O I Ngay nh^n bdi: 05/6/2016 Ngdy phan biln: 15/7/2016 Ngfldi phan bi^n: GS, TS Ddo \ ^ n H i ^ , Hpc viln Ky thuat Quan sU Tdi li^u tham khao: tl] L N Ldpez de Lacalle, A Lamikiz (2009), Machine Tools for High Performance Machining, New Concepts for Structural Components, Springer [2] Semih Onut, Selin Soner Kara, Tugba Efendigil (2008), A hybrid fuzzy MCDM approach to machine tool selection Journal of IntelUgent Manufacturing 19, tr 443-453 [3] Salvador Mondragon, Pedro Company, Margarita Vergara (2005), Semantic Differential applied to the evaluation of machine tool design, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 35, tr 1021-1029 [4] Nolberto Munier (2011), A Strategy for Using Multicriteria Analysis in Decision-Making, Springer Science + Business Media B.V [5], Eberhard Bamberg (2000), Principles of Rapid Machine Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology [6] Dl tai "Nghiin cdu thiit ki chi tao mdy ddt CNC, ma s6: DL/01-2012-2 T A P C H l C O K H f V l £ T N A M , S d ndm 2013 ... CAU TAO CUA KHUNG M A Y D O T CNC Ve cau tao chung khung may dot dflpc chia hai loai: Khung may dang hd va khung may dang kin Khung may dot dang hd cd ddu dot nam ngoai cung cua phan khung cdng... he thdng kep phdi, ban may, he thdng thay dung cu Khung cua cdc may dot CNC tren the gidi dfldc chia hai loai chinh: Khung hd (hay cdn gpi la khung chfl C hoac chfl J) vdi cac mau may nhfl: Trupunch... cua mdy cd khung kin nhUng anh hfldng rd ret ddi vdi may ed khung hd He thdng kep phdi bd tri phia sau may khung hd se Iam phan edng xdn phia trin cua than may nho ngodi nhieu hon khiln khung may