NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO £)0l NGHIEN CU'U THU' NGHIEM BSN OQNG CQ XANG Sl> DUNG XANG SINH HOC E10 DURABILITY TESTING FOR GASOLINE ENGINE FUELED BY GASOHOL ElO Nguyen Khanh Tung', Pham Hflu Tuyen^ Le Anh Tuan^ 'Cue Cng dung va Phat trien Cdng nghe, Bg Khoa hge va Cdng nghe Viet Nam ^Trfldng Dai hge Bach khoa Ha Ndi TOM TAT Mgt nhdng bien phdp gidm sU phu thugc vdo ndng lUdng hoa thgch vd gidm phdt thdi til phUdng tien giao thong Id sd dung cdc nguon nhien lieu sinh hgc co khd ndng tdi tgo vd thdn thien vdi moi trUdng Viet Nam, xang sinh hgc vdi 5% ethanol (E5) dd dUdc khuyen khich sd dung Nham ndng cao hdn nda khd ndng thay the cua con, cdn tiep tue nghien cdu vd dng dung xdng sinh hgc co tyle cao hdn Bdi bdo ndy, trinh bdy ket qud ddnh gid dnh hUdng cua xdng sinh hgcco tyle 10% (ElO) tdi tinh ndng kinh te, ky thudt vd mon mot so chi tiet chinh cua dongcd xdng Thd nghiem thUchien tren cd sd so sdnh ddi chdng hai dgng cd sd dung xdng RON92 thong thUdng vd xdng ElO vdi thdi gian chgy ben 300 gid d che 25kW/3000 vdng/phut Tfl khda: Nhien lieu thay the, xdng sinh hgc ElO, tinh ndng dgng cd, ben dgng cd ABSTRACT Utilization of alternative fuels which are renewable and environmentally friendly is possible to reduce the dependence on fossil energy and emissions from transport means In Vietnam, ethanol/gasoliM blend with 5% ethanol (E5) has been encouraged to use on gasoline vehicles In order to improve the ability to substitute for gasoline, blends with higher percentage of ethanol should be studied and applied This paper presents the impact of ethanol/gasoline blend with 10% ethanol (ElO) on gasoline engine in term of engine performance and wear of some main components Based on the comparative method, the durability test was carried out with two gasoline engines fueled by conventional gasoline and ElO, operated at 25kW/3000 rpm in 300 hours Keywords: Alternative fuel, gasohol ElO, engine performance, engine durability ^ TAP CHf CO KHl VIET NAM • Sd (Thang nam 2013) NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO 061 l.GlOlTHlfiU tai) THIET LAP THLf NGHIEM Mdt nhflng bien phap giam sfl phu thugc vao nang Ifldng hda thach va giam phat thai tfl phfldng tien giao thdng la sfl dung cac ngudn nhien lieu thay the ed kha nang tai tao va than thien vdi mdi trfldng Cae ngudn nhien li^u nhfl vay gdm thien nhien (CNG, LNG), hda ldng (LPG), hydro, diesel sinh hgc, xang sinh hgc Trong dd, xang sinh bpc cd nhilu tilm nang va d l flng dung hon ea Xang sinh hgc la hdn hpp eua xang thdng thfldng cd ngudn gde dau md va edn ethanol theo ty le nhat dinh nhfl 95% xang/5% cdn (E5), 90% xang/10% cdn (ElO) Hien nay, nhieu nfldc trin the gidi da sfl dung xang sinh hpe eho phfldng tien giao thdng, diln hinh nhfl Hoa Ky (ElO), BrazU (E20), Thai Lan (E10) Nhilu nghien cflu cho thay xang sinh bpc vdi ty le tdi 20% (E20) khdng anh hfldng din tinh nang kinh t l ky thuat ddng ed giup giam ding ke phan phit thii HC va CO, mac du xu hfldng thay doi eua phan NOx khac thudc vao tflng nghien cflu cu the [4,5,8] D i n h gia ve kha nang tflong thich v|t li|u ddi vdi xang sinh hgc ElO va dp ben ddng ca vdi E5 cung eho thay khdng khae biet nhilu so vdi sfl dyng xang thdng thfldng [3,7] Viet Nam la nfldc ndng nghiep nen ed tiem nang ldn ve ngudn nguyin lieu san xuat nhien lieu ethanol De phat huy t h l manh dd, Chinh phfl da p h i duylt De In phat trien nhien lieu sinh hgc din nam 2015, tam nhin din nam 2025 [1] Ld trinh ap dung nhien heu sinh hpe eung da dflpc ban hanh vao cudi nam 2012, theo dd xang E5 dflpc sfl dung trin toan quoc vao nam 2015 vl xang ElO vao nam 2017 [2] Ddi vdi xang sinh hoc ElO, ben canh nhflng danh gia ve tinh nang kinh t l ky thuat can thflc hiln nghien cflu anh hfldng cfla nhien li?u tdi dp ben dpng ca Bal bad trinh bay kll qui danh gia anh hfldng cua xang sinh hgc cd ty I? edn 10% (EIO) tdi tinh nang kinh te, ky thuat vl dg mdn mpt s6 chi tilt chinh cua ddng cd xang d td Thfl nghi|m thflc hien tren cd sd so sanh doi chflng hai dOng cd sfl dung xang RON92 thdng thfldng vl xang ElO vdi thdi gian chay ben 300 gid d chl dp toe dp 3000 vdng/phut, 25kW (75% 2.1 Trang thiet bi thuf nghiem Cac thdng sd kinh te ky thuat cua ddng ca dfldc xac dinh trin bang thfl ddng lflc hpe APA 100 (Hinh 1) Phanh thfl ddng ca APAIOO la loai phanh dien hoat dgng dflge d hai chl do: ddng ed dien va may phat dien Phanh thfl dflpc dgng ed cd cdng suat tdi 220kW, toe quay tdi da la 8000 vdng/phut O ehl ddng ed dien, bang thfl se keo dgng co, thflc hien qua trinh chay ngudi hoac khdi dgng ddng ed O ehl dg phanh, bang thfl se tao tii cin bang vdi edng suat eua dgng ed phat ra, tfl dd xac dinh dflge cac thdng so cd ban cfla ddng cd nhfl edng suat, mdmen, suat tieu hao nhien lieu Ngoai ra, phanh diln ed the md phdng sfl boat ddng eua ddng cd dflpc Up trin d td d l kilm tra cae tinh nang eua d td sau dflpc lip rap nhfl q u i trinh tang tdc, qua trinh ddng, md ly hpp, vio sd, so cho phu hgp nhat -Md phdng d td chay theo eae ehu trinh thfl, lay thai de phan tich ndng dp eac chat dde hai (CO, CO3, NOx, HC, PM) Dieu kiln nhiet dp eua ddng cp (nhiet dd nfldc lam mat, nhiet dau bdi trPn) dflpc dieu ehinh chinh xae bdi eae bd dieu chinh nhiet dp nfldc Iam mat va bg dilu ehinh nhiet dau bdi tron Vi tri eung cap nhien lieu dflge dilu khiln bdi bd keo ga tfl ddng THAIOO Can nhien lieu AVL Fuel Balance 733 xac dinh Iflpng tieu hao nhien lieu theo phflong phap khdi Iflpng 2.2 Dgng cd thfl nghiem Thfl nghiem dfldc thflc hien tren hai ddng ca eua hang Toyota, mot ddng cd chay vdi xang RON92 thdng thfldng va mdt ddng eP chay vdi xang ElO Trfldc tien hanh thfl nghiem, hai ddng cd dflpc bao dfldng va dai tu toln bg nham dam bao tinh trang ddng ed tdt va tfldng tfl Cae thdng sd chinh cua ddng co dflpc the biln Bang TA D r w f KHf VIET NAM V Sd (Thang nam 2013) NGHIEN cflu - TRAO OOl Phanh flifn — f ^ H - } - « a Hinh Sd d6 he th6ng thd nghiim Bdng Thong s6 ky thudt cua dgng cd thd nghiem Ham lUOng hydrocacbon tham {%) 31,6 27,8 3.93 0,73 0,740 Ihdng so ky thuat Ham lUdng Oxy (wt%) Ky hieu Toyota A Loai dong co 4ky, 4xylanh, thang hang, lam mat bang nifdc Khoi luang rieng 15"C (kg/ lit) Dac diem 2.4 Quy trinh va che thilf nghiim Dung tich toan bp 1587cm^ Difcfng kinh va hanh trinh piston 81,0mm X 76,9mm Ty so nen 9,5 Cong suat dinh mifc 67kVi'/6 OOOv/phiit M6 men cUc dai 95Nm/3.600v/phut He thong nhien heu Che hoa 2.3 Nhien lieu thfl nghiem Nhien lieu thfl nghiem gdm xang RON92 thdng thfldng va xang sinh hgc ElO Xang ElO la hdn hpp gdm 90% xang RON 92 va 10% edn ethanol theo ty le t h l tich eung vdi mdt lflpng rat nhd eac chat phu gia n h i m bao dam tinh ehat nhien lieu khdng thay ddi qua trinh bao quan Tinh chat cfla hai loai nhien lieu thfl nghiem dflpc dfla Bang Bdng Mgt s6 tinh chat chinh cua nhiin liiu thd nghiem Tinh chat Xang RON92 ElO Diem soi dau 38,9 39.1 '., t.^ 53,6 51 93,6 73,8 t„„ 158,6 161,6 Riem soi CUOI 180 185,5 92,4 94,4 60,46 70,46 215 215 Nhi?t dp chiing cat C'C) Tn so Octan Ap sual hoi Reid(kPa) Ham lilpng lilu huynh (ppm) TAP CHl CO KHf V I £ T NAM Thfl nghiem dflge thflc hien tren ca sd so sanh doi chflng mflc dp thay doi thdng so kinh tl, ky thuat va hao mdn cac ehi tilt ehinh ciia hai ddng cd chay vdi xang RON92 va xang sinh hgc ElO sau thdi gian chay b i n 300 gid (Hinh 2) Che chay ben dflpc gifl dn dinh d tdc 3000 v/phut vl cdng suat 25kW (75% tai) Quy d6i thdi gian thfl nghiem b i n ddng ed tfldng dfldng khoang 24.000 km xe chay tren dfldng Dong CCI chay nhieii lieu \icig ROiS'9: ~ r Dpng co chay nluen lieu xang E10 Thao dong CO kich thuoc xvlanh, pistor xecmang, true khu>Ti Z Cha\ on dinh gio Dc cac thong so kinh te kv- thuat dong co theo duong dac tinh ngoji Do ap suit nen Chay ben dong co 300 gio Che 2>'kW (75»o tai) i, 3000 vong phut Thay dau sau moi 50 gio ) Thuc hien Iji theo ci Hinh Quy trinh thd nghiem bSn S6 (Thang nam 2013) NGHIEN CUfU-TRAODdi KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Danh gia cong suat, suat tilu hao nhien lieu vk ap suat nen may [6], nhiin, mflc dd thay doi nghiin cflu ldn hdn thdi gian chay ben lau hdn va loai ddng cd khae Kit qua cho thay sfl thay doi vl mdmen, cdng suat ddi vdi hai dgng cd la tfldng dfldng (Hinh 3,4) Mdmen cflc dai sau chay b i n vdi xang RON92 giam 5,3% va vdi ElO giam 5,9% Tinh trung binh tren toan dai tde do, edng suat va mdmen dgng ed sau chay b i n giam 6,05% vdi RON92 va 6,68% vdi ElO Sfl suy giam nly la cac chi tilt bi hao mdn, khe hd gifla cae ehi tilt tang len, tang Iflpng Ipt cacte -• ilON92GeK8 TSC ao (vAnB/phi^l Hinh Sudt tieu hao nhien lieu dgng cd chay RON92 trUdc vd sau chgy ben ISciIt (v6ni/phul| Hinh Momen vd cong sudt dgng cd chgy RON92 trUdc (TCB) vd sau chgy ben (SCB) TSC 66 (vAng/phut) Hinh Sudl tieu hao nhiin liiu dgng cd chgy EI trUdc vd sau chgy ben De danh gia mflc dp kin khit cua nhdm ehi tilt bao kin budng chay, ap suat cuoi ky nen eua eac xylanh dflpc va so sanh trfldc va sau chay ben (Hinh 7) iScd^lvAng/phut] Hinh Momen vd cong sudt dgng cd chgy xdng El trudc (TCB) vd sau chay bin (SCB) Do cong suat giam nln suat tieu hao nhien Ii?u ca hai trfldng hgp deu tang lln (Hinh 5,6) Vdi dgng ca sfl dung xang RON92, suat tieu hao nhien lieu tang 7,5% va vdi xang ElO II 8,18% Cac kit qua tren cd xu hfldng phu hpp vdi nghiin cflu thfl nghi|m ben thflc hiln tren xe l| Hmh Ap sudt nen cua dgng cd trUdc vd sau cluiy b£n Ap suat nen cfla hai dpng cP deu giam sau thdi gian chay ben, nhien, mflc dp giam trong'^ ^O KHf V I £ T N A M Sd (Thang nam 2013) NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO D I trfldng hgp sfl dung ElO cao hdn so vdi xang RON 92 Trung bmh ddi vdi tat ca cae xylanh, ap suat nen giam 2,65% vdi ddng ca sfl dung xang RON92 va giam 3,34% vdi ElO Kit qua giam ap suat nen la mdt nhflng nguyen chinh Iam giam cdng suat va tang suat tieu hao nhiin heu nhfl trinh bay d trin 3.2 Danh gja mflc hao mon cac chl tilt chinh CIc chi tilt ehinh hai dgng eO gom xylanh, piston vl xeemang dflpc thay mdi va true khuyu dflpc gia cdng lai de cd kich thflde ban dau nhfl nhau- b) Chi tiet xeemang Moi bp xeemang, gdm co xeemang va xeemang dau, dflpc xac dinh khoi lflpng va kich thflde khe hd mieng Sau chay ben kich thflde khe hd miei^ cac xeemang cua hai dpng cd hau nhu khong thay doL Khoi Iflpng xeemang cua dgng ca chay xang RON92 gifl nguyen, nhien cd sfl thay doi nhd d dgng ctJ chay ElO vdi gia tri giam ldn nhat la 4% d xeemang thfl nhat cua xylanh thfl (khoi Iflpng 7,7gain, giam 0,3 gam), mflc giam trung binh cua cac xeemang thfl nhat la 2% c) Chi tiet true khuyu True khuyu dflpc tien hanh tai cac co chinh va co bien, mdi co tai vi tri dpc theo co true va mdi vi tri theo bai phiidng vudng goc Ket qua cho thay mon xuat hien chu yeu d co bien Kit qua sau chay ben cho thay hao mdn vi chiu lUc ldn va khdng deu, doi vdi co true chinh Iflpng mon nho va deu hdn Co bien true khuyu dong cac chi tilt xylanh va piston trfldng hpp ddng CO sfl dung ElO mdn nhieu hdn dong cd sfl dung xang CO sfl dung ElO ldn hPn so vdi xang RON92 (Hmh RON92 trung binh khoang 0,005mm (Hinh 9) Co the 8) Biln dang mdn xylanh eua hai ddng ed phu hpp giai thich dieu la chat Iflpng qua trinh chaycfia vdi quy luat hao mdn binh thfldng, vi tri mdn nhilu ElO tot hon RON92 vi kha nang bay hdi cfla ElO t6t d vung diem chit tren tai vi tri xeemang thfl hdn nhat Lflpng mdn ldn nhat cua ddng cd chay ElO -r