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NGHIEN ClJU-TRAOD(!)l NGHIEN CUTU THl/C NGHIEM DANH GIA TINH NANG CUA DONG CQ KHI SUT DUNG PHU GIA CHO NHIEN LIEU ElO VA D5 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CHARACTERISTIC OF ENGINES RUNNING WITH ElO AND D5 BLENDED WITH DEVELOPED RELEVANT ADDITIVES Ll Danh Quang', Ll Anh TuanS Khdng Vu QuangS Pham Minh Tudn^, Phan Trong Hieu' 'TrUdng Dai hpc Thdnh Dd, -TrUdng Dai hpc Bdch khoa Ha Ndi, ^Vien Dau Viet Nam TOM TAT Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy nghien cdu thUc nghiem ddnh gid dnh hUdng cua phu gia VPI-D cho hdn hdp nhien lieu gom 95% diesel vd 5% ethanol (ggi Id D5) vd VPI-G cho hdn hdp nhien lieu gdm 90% xdng vd 10% ethanol (ggi Id ElO) din tinh ndng cua ddng cd Ddy Id nhdng phu gia Vien Ddu thugc Tap dodn Ddu Viet Nam phdt triin nhdm trd tan, tqo nhu, tdng khd ndng on dfnh vd ndng cao chdt lUdng cho hdn hdp nhiin lieu D5 vd ElO • Kit qud nghiin citu thUc nghiim trin ddng cd diesel D243 cho thdy, phu gia VPI-D gidp mdmen vd cong sudt cua dgng cd tdng trung binh 5,7%, sudt tieu hao nhien lieu gidm 2,5%, cdc thdnh phdn phdt thdi deu gidm so vdi trUdng hdp sU dung nhien lieu khdng pha phu gia Trong qud trinh th^on dinh 100 gid khdng phdt hien dnh hUdng xdu den ddu bdi trdn cdng nhU khdng cd hiin tUdng dgng bdm, tac vdi phun Kit qud thU nghiem tren ddng cd xdng Dayhan dung nhiin lieu ElO vdi phu gia VPI-G cUng cho kit qud tUdng tU Ngodi ra, khdng cd hien tUdng bdm can cdc bon tren cUc bugi ABSTRACT This paper presents experimental research on effects of fuel additives VPI-D for the fuel blend of 95% diesel and 5% ethanol (so called D5) and VPI-G for the fuel blend of 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol (so called ElO) on engines performance and exhaust emissions These additives were developed by Vietnam Petrolium Institute in order to improve solvent ability, emulsion formation, stability and quality for D5 and ElO Test results on the D243 diesel engine showed that using D5 blended with the VPI-D additive the engine's torque and power raised averagely 5.7%, specific fuel consumption reduced averagely 2.5% and all the emissions reduced in comparision with the case of pure D5 During lOOh euduvance test no negative influence to lube oil was found, moreover there was neither deposition nor needle jam in the injector Testing ElO blended with VPI-G on the Dayhan 97gasoline engine also gave similar outcomes Besides, carbon sediment on the spark plug was not found TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM V Sd (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D O I vai trd giup nhiin li|u gifl dflpc chdt Iflpng on djnh t6n trfl, vfla ddng vai trd giup nhien li^u ddp flng dupc ddy du cde ylu cdu cdn thilt sfl dyng DAT VAN DE Phu gia nhiin li|u cd tdc dyng cdi thien va bo sung cdc tinh chdt cdn thilt ho^ic cdn thilu cfla nhien li?u gdc nhdm ddm bdo ylu ck\ ky Nhien li|u khodng vd nhien lieu sinh hgc thudt eung nhfl ehdt Ifldng nhien Ii|u Cd nhilu lo^i phy gia vdi edng dyng khac nhflng cd thi chia dlu phdi ed phu gia Khi phdi trpn nhien lieu hai nhdm: nhdm phy gia tinh ndng vd nhdm phy khodng vdi nhien li|u sinh hpc ma ethanol Id mOt trUdng hpp phd biln, vai trd cua phy gia cdng dU0c gia tdn trfl bdo qudn quan tdm nhilu hon Phy gia tinh nang giflp nhiin li|u ddp flng Phy gia eho xang pha ethanol vd phy gia dupc day dfl cdc ylu cdu ky thudt ve chdt lUdng sfl dung (vi du; tdng tn sd octan ddi vdi xdng, cdi cho diesel pha ethanol ve mat nguyin tac ciing gidng nhu phy gia cho xdng vd diesel khodng Tuy thien tri sd xetan ddi vdi nhiin li|u diesel ) nhiin, tinh chat ddc thu cua nhiin lieu hdn hpp, Phy gia tdn trfl bdo qydn giup nhien li|u gifl thdnh phan phu gia sfl dyng cho cdc loai dupc thdnh phdn va chat lupng on dinh ehfla nhiin lieu cdn cd sfl thay doi eho phu hpp sfl dung nhfl: phu gia chdng an mdn, phu gia chong Viet Nam da phdt triln thdnh cdng phu tdch pha, phy gia ehdng oxy hda gia [4] mang tin VPI-D dung cho D5 va VPI-G Cd nhflng phu gia da chfle ndng vfla ddng eho E10 gdm cd cdc phdn nlu bang L Bang 1: Thanh phan cfla phy gia VPl-D va VPl-G VPI-D Thanh phan VPI-G Tyle Thanh phan Tyle 2-etyl hexanol 75,0% 25,0 % Bis (2-hydroxy etyl) oleyl amin 15,0% 12,5% N-axyl sarcosin 4,0% Octylat diphenyl amin 2,5% 2-(dietyl amino)-etanol 2,0% Amin photphat 2,5% Butylat diphenyl amin 2,0% 2-etyl hexyl nitrat 7,5% Amin photphat 2,0% 2-etyl hexanol 50,0% Bis (2-hydroxy etyl) oleyl amin N-axyl sarcosin Day la cac phu gia tro tan (hoa tan vJ phan tan deu ethanol diesel va xang), tao nhit, tang kha nang 6n dinh va nang cao chat lU(Jng cho D5 va ElO Tfnh nang, tac dung cu the cila cac phan neu chi tiet [6] phap d6i chiing v6i cung loai nhien li$u nhung khong c6 phu gia Ngoai ra, thii nghiem on dinh 100 gid duoc tien hanh de danh gia tac dgng cila hai phu gia tren den cac tinh nang, phat thai va dau boi tron cua dpng co Nghien cilu tap trung danh gia thdc 2.1 Doi tijofng va trang thift hi thuf nghidm nghiem anh hudng cila phu gia VPl-D va VPl-G den tinh nang, phat thai va kha nang van hanh 6n Thil nghiem dupc thi,tc hien tren bang thf dinh ciia dgng ca dgng co (ETB) va tren baalg thil TIOID cua Phong Thi nghiem Dgng cP dot trong, TrUdng Dai itf l.THtfNGHIiM Bach khoa Ha Ngi [5] D0ng co diesel 0243 la lo3i dpng CO dung cho may keo Belarus san xuat Thil nghiem dupc thUc hien theo phuong vdi nhQng thong so ky thuat dupc th? hien TAP CHl CO KHi VIET NAM • S6 (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN Cflu-TRAOD6| bang 2, dOng co xang Dayhan 97 la dpng cd xe may Trung Quoc s4n xuat cd cac thong so ky thuJt neu bang dUpc dung lam ddi tupng thil nghidm Bang 2: Th6ng so ca ban cua dpng ca D243 Thdng so Gid tri/md ta Ky hilu D243 Kieu ddng co xylanh, khdng tang dp Dfldng kinh xylanh 110mm Hdnh trinh piston 125mm Ty so nen 16:1 Thfl tfl no 1-3-4-2 Cdng suat dinh mflc/tdc dp 57kW/2200vdng/phut Mdmen cflc dai/tdc dp 298Nm/1600vdng/phut 235g/kW.h Suat tilu hao nhiin lieu Bang 3: Thong so cd ban ciia dpng cd Dayhan 97 Thdng so Gid trl/md ta Ky hilu Dayhan Kieu ddng ca xylanh, khdng tang dp Dfldng kinh xylanh 50 m m Hanh trinh piston 49,5 mm Ty sd nen 9:1 Cdng sudt tdi da/tde dp N _ „ = , kW/7500v/ph Mdmen cUc dai/tde dp M, ^„=6,03 Nm/5000 v/ph Hinh 2: Dpng cO Dayhan 97 tren bai^ thfl TIOID 2.2 Quy trinh va noi dung thfl nghiem biln 1.800 v/ph, tdi trpng 75% thdi gian 100 gid Tai thdi diem 50 gid vd 100 gid, lay dfldng dac tinh ngodi nham xac dinh cdng suat, md men, suat tieu hao nhien lieu va nhiet dp thdi Ngodi ra, tai cdc thdi dilm ndy cdn ldy mau dau bdi tron de phan tich, ddnh gid can eacbon tren vdi phun vd ddng thdi phat thdi theo chu trinh ECE R49 Vdi VPI-D cho nhien lieu D5 Kit qua tai cdc thdi diem 50gid va OOgid dflpc Giai doan 1; Thfl nghiem ddi chflng d trang dung de so sdnh vdi kit qua tai thdi diem Ogid thai ban ddu (tai Ogid) Ddng co D243 dflpc van hanh gid lan lupt vdi nhien lieu D5 va nhien lieu Vdi VPI-G cho nhiin lilu ElO D5 cd phy gia VPI-D Cae chi tilu d^e va so sdnh gdm edng sudt, mdmen, suat tilu hao nhiin Giai doan 1: Thfl nghiem doi chflng d lieu vd nhiet dp thai tren dUdng ddc tinh ngodi trang thai ban dau (tai Ogid) Ddng eo Dayhan Phat thdi CO, HC, NO^ vd PM dflpc theo chu dflpc van hdnh gid lan Iflpt vdi nhien lieu E10 va trinh thfl 13 mode ECE R49 cua Chdu Au nhien lieu ElO pha phu gia VPI-G d c h l dp 50% tdi vd 3.500 v/ph nham ddm bdo cho ddng ca hoat Giai doan 2: Chay dn dinh ddng eo vdi ddng on dinh vdi nhiin lieu da cho rdi thflc hien nhiin Ueu D5 cd phy gia VPI-D d che dp lam viec lay dac tinh ddng ca va phdt thai CO, HC,'^ Ddng CO dflpc cdn chinh va lap ddt tren bang thfl, hinh vd Quy trinh va che dp thfl nghiim dflpc phdn thdnh giai doan TAP CHf CO KHf VlfiT NAM Sd (Thdng nam 2012) NGHIEN cflu - TRAO B6\ 3.1 Dinh gii vi tinh nang va phit thai t^ thili di£m gid N0_,, COj tren dUdng dac tinh ngoii Giai doan 2: Chay 6n dinh dgng co vdi nhien li^u xang ElO cd pha phv gia VPl-G d ch? dp lam vi?c bi&i 75% tii vi 6.300 v/ph thdi gian 100 gid Tai thdi diem 50 gid vi 100 gid, thuc hien lay dac tinh va phit thii CO, HC, N0_ vi COj tren dudng dac tinh ngoii, ddng thdi lay mau vi phin tich dau bdi tron, chyp inh, quan sit vi danh gii mile dp ket cin eacbon tren bugi D A N H GIA K £ T QUA THLf N G H I E M VA THAO LUAN 3.1.1 Bdng cd diesel D243 Td cic kit qui thU nghidm [6] vi mdmen (Me), cdng suit (Ne), suit tieu hao nhien heu (ge) va nhi?t dp thai (T-Exh) cho thay, sil dung D5 pha phM gia VPI-D mdmen vi cdng suit tang trung binh 5,7%, suit tiSu hao nhien lieu giam khoing 2,5%, cdn nhiet dp thai tang 6,5% so vdi trUdng hpp sil dyng D5 khdng pha phu gia VPI-D, hinh Hinh 3; Ty le cai thien cac thong so tinh nang va phat thai CLia dgng co D243 sU dung nhien lieu D5 pha phu gia VPI-D Cic ket qua phat thai cung cho thay, sU dung nhiSn lieu D5 cd pha phu gia VPl-D cic thinh phan phat thii d«u giam, cu the: CO 3,5%; HC 6,6%; NO, 5,5%; CO, 0,86% va PM 3,3%, hinh Dieu cd the ly giai ring, tac dung trp tan cua phu gia nen tang nang phan tin, ting dong nhat hda va tinh tU chiy cia nhien lieu dUdc cai thien dan tdi giim thdi gian chiy khuech tan Vi viy, thdi gian chay dUgc rut ngan vi qui trinh chay dien triet de hon dan tdi cdng suat tang, suit tieu hao nhien lieu giim, nhiet dp thai tang vi cac thinh phan TAP CHl CO KHf VIET NAM V thai dupe cai thien Dac biet, lupng HC giam manh chiy tri^t de hon din tdi ndng oxy giim theo va NOx cung giam chu yeu thdi gian chaygiam 3.1.2 Dgng cd xang Dayhan 97 TU cic ket qui thil nghiem [7] cho tUy, dgng cd hoat ddng vdi nhien lieu ElO pha phu gia VPl-G cdng suit cao hon khoing 2% suSt tieu hao nhien heu thap hon khoing 3,5% so vcfi trudng hpp khdng cd phu gia, hinh SP (Thing nam 2012) NGHIEN Cflu - TRAO Ddi jJCT coz 1^1 IK: ^ Hinh 4: Ty 1| cdi thi|n cac thdng s6 tinh nang v^i phdt thdi cua dOng cp pha phy gia VPI-G Kit qua trln hinh cung cho thay, phat thai cfla ddng eO giam dung nhien li|u ElO CO pha phu gia VPI-G Rilng CO^ cd tdng chflt It (0,4%) Iflpng CO vd HC chdy kilt hon Cac phan cdi thien nhfl sau: CO 16%; HC 11,7% vdN0^28% TflOng tfl nhfl trln ed the ly gidi rang, cd phu gia trp tan n i n khd nang phan tan dlu vd tao nhu cho nhiin lieu dflpc eai thien nen qua trinh ehay dflpc triet de hon va rut ngan thdi gian chay Vl vdy, cdng sudt tang, suat tieu hao nhiin lieu gidm HC va CO gidm chdy triet de hon edn NO^ gidm c h i yeu thdi gian ehay giam 3.2 Danh gia kit qua thfl nghiim sau 100 gid chay on dinh 3.2.1 Nhien lieu D5 vdiphugia cdD243 VPI-D tren dpng dinh, tai 50h va lOOh tiln hanh momen, edng suat, suat tieu hao nhiin lieu, nhiet dp xd va phat thai tren ddc tinh ngoai de so sanh vdi thdi diem Oh 16] Tuy nhiin, khudn khd ban che cua bai bdo nen sau day ehi trinh bdy kit qua thfl nghiem tai thdi diem lOOgid va so sanh vdi kit qud d thdi dilm Oh, hinh Theo dd, cdng suat ddng CO giam khodng 3,6%, suat tilu thy nhien lieu tdng khoang 0,8% nhflng cdc thdnh phan HC, NO,, CO, COj va PM dlu giam Cd the giai thich nhU sau, thdi gian chay ngam dfl ddi nen tde ddng eua phu gia VPID din viec cai thien chat Iflpng phdt thai eua ddng CO dflpc tdng cfldng Tuy nhiin, thdi gian van hdnh dfl dai nen hao mdn cac chi tiet chinh cua dpng eP nhfl piston, xylanh trd n i n ddng ke dnh hudng xau d i n edng suat vd suat tilu hao nhiin lieu Tuy nhien, thay ddi ndy rdt nhd nhfl dd trinh bdy d tren va vdy Id phfl hpp vdi qui luat suy giam theo thdi gian van hanh eua ddng ca Nhfl trln dd trinh bay, thfl nghi|m 6n Hinh 5: Ty le cai thien cac tiidng sd tinh nang va phdt thai sau lOOh chay on dinh vdi phu gia VPI-D TAP CHI CO KHI V l f T NAJVl • Sd (Thang nam 2012) | NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D(!)l Mau dau bdi trOn dpng co diesel tai thdi diem Ogid, 50gid vd OOgid da dflpc phdn tichjfieiii tra chat Iflpng t^i Phdng thfl nghi|m Hda chat vd Vdt li|u, Trung tam Phy gia Dau md, Vi|n Hda hgc Cdng nghiip Viet Nam Kit qud cho thay, anh hfldng cua nhiin lieu D5 cd phu gia VPI-D den chJt Iflpng cua dau bdi trPn dpng ca Id phu hpp vdi qui ludt vd ndm gidi h?n eho phep [4] Khi kit thuc 50gid vd lOOgid eh^y 6n djnh, vdi phun dflpc thdo chyp dnh, hinh 6, canvfti phun vd kilm tra 16 phun d l ddnh gid mfle dd kit can eacbon trln vdi phun Tfl kit qud cdn vd d^p anh quan sdt cd t h i kit lu?ln rdng hi|n tflpng kit c?in eacbon trln vdi phun Id khdng ddng kl Dilu d6 Id phu gia VPI-D, d?e bi|t Id thdnh phan amin photphat, cd tde dung tdy rfla vd phdn tan cdc can, mupi bam vao vdi phun (eung nhfl piston, Yiipap v^ hiidn^ ddt rfla d^ng cd) Hinh : Hinh anh kit can eacbon tren vol phun dpng co D243 dpng cO ehay nhien Ueu D5 CO phu gia sau 50 gid va 100 gid 3.2.2 Nhien lieu ElOphaphugia VPI-G tren dpngcdDayhan 97 Sau thdi gian lOOh ehay b i n d e h i dp 75% tai vdi nhiin Ueu ElO cd pha phu gia VPl-G, cac thdng sd cdng suat, suat tieu hao nhien lieu va mflc phdt thdi dflpc cdi thien, rilng NOx cd tdng khong ddng ke, hinh Dilu ndy ed t h i dflpc giai thich tUPng tU nhu tren rang, thdi gian chay ngdm du ddi thi tdc d^ng eua phy gia VPI-G den viec cai thien chat lUpng phdt thai cfla ddng co edng phdt huy tdc dung Tuy nhiin trfldng hpp ddng cP Dayhan 97 dnh hfldng tich cflc cua phy gia manh hon anh hfldng xau mdn n i n ge, Ne eiing dUpc cdi thien CO -5 05 s* MP C02 to Be • v -— - - - -20 -2-1 -25 Hinh 7: Ty le cil thien cac thong s6 tinh nang va phat thai ciia dpng ca Dayhan 97 sau lOOh chay dn dinh vdi EIQ pha phu gia VPI-G TAP CHi CO KHl VIETNAM • S6 (Thang nam 2012) • NGHIEN Cflu TRAO Dpi Kit qua phdn tich dau bdi tron cua cd hai ddng co thfl nghiem cho thay khdng cd anh hudng bat thUdng din ehdt lUpng cua dau bdi trOn nhien lieu co pha phu gia Hinh 8: Hinh dnh kit can eacbon trdn bugi Idii dpng CO Dayhan 97 chay nhien li?u ElO CO phu gia sau SOgid vk lOOgid Tfl kit qua chyp dnh vd quan sdt, hinh 8, cho thay khdng cd hien tflpng kit can eacbon trln bugi sfl dyng nhien lieu ElO ed phy gia Dilu la phu gia, ddc bilt la phan amin photphat, cd tdc dung tay rfla va phdn tdn ede can, mudi bdm vdo bugi (eung nhU piston, xupap vd budng ddt eua ddng co) Tuy nhiin, day mdi chi la nhflng kit qua nghiin cflu bflde dau De cd t h i biln sfl dyng cdc phy gia ndy tren thfle tl, can thiet phdi thfl nghiem ben ddi ldy hon dong thdi md rdng doi vdi nhilu loai dpng ep khae vd cudi cung cdn phai thfl nghiem dpng eo trln thflc t l hien trfldng • Ngfldi phan biln: TS Tran Thi Thu Huong Tai lilu tham khao: [1] The Role of Additives for Diesel and Blended (Ethanol or Biodiesel) Fuels: A Review Energy & Fuels 2007, 21, 2433-2445 [2] Kieu Dinh Kiem Cac san pham Dau m6 va Hoa dau NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thuat Ha Npi, 2005 [3] Dinh Thi Ngo, Nguyin Khanh Dieu Hong Nhien Mau dau bdi tron ddng ca tai thdi diem lieu sach va cac qua trinh xfl Iy hoa ddu NXB Ogid, sau 50gid va lOOgid da dUpc phdn tich kilm Khoa hpc va Ky thuat Ha Npi, 2008 tra chat lUpng, kit qua eho thay, anh hUdng eua [4], Tran Van Toai Nghien cflu Ifla chpn cac chat phu nhiin lieu ElO ed phu gia d i n ehdt Iflpng eua gia pha tron nhien lieu sinh hpc vdi nhien lieu gdc dau bdi tron dpng eo Id phu hpp vdi qui ludt vd khoang nham dam bao yeu cau ve chat Iflpng nhien lieu qua trinh bao quan va sfl dung, dong thdi nam trdng gidi han eho phep [4] dam bao tinh an toan moi trUdng cua nhien lieu, De tai cap Nganh dau Idii 2010 KET L U A N V A HtfCfNG P H A T TRIEN [51 http://icelab.hut.edu.vn/: Trang Web cua Phdng Thi nghiem Dpng cO dot trong, TrUdng Dai hpc Bach Vdi phu gia VPI-D, qud trinh chdy cua idioa Ha Noi ddng CO dflpc cdi thien, nhiin lieu dflpc dot chay [6] Le Danh Quang, Pham Minh Tudn, U Anh Tudn, hodn todn hon Cdc phan phdt thdi gidm so Khong Vu Quang, Nghien cflu thflc nghiem anh vdi trfldng hpp nhien lieu khdng cd phu gia tai hudng cua phu gia cho nhien lieu disohol D5 din tinh thdi diem Oh va tilp tyc gidm sau chay ngdm nang va phat thai cua ddng cO Tap chi Co Idii Viet lOOh Hien tflpng kit can eacbon trln vdi phun Nam so dgic biet thang 10 nam 2011 chao mflng Hpi nghi Co Dpng lflc lan 416 chfle t?i Trfldng Dai hpc xay khdng dang ke sau ehay 50h va lOOh Bach idioa Ha Npi va Ky niem 55 nam lap Trfldng Dai hpc Bach khoa Ha Npi Vdi phu gia VPI-G, cung eho kit qua [7] Khong Vu Quang, Le Anh Tuan, Pham Minh tUOng tU: phat thai gidm, kit can eacbon trln bugi Tuan, Le Danh Quang, Tran Van Toai kh6ng xdy Ngodi ra, dnh hfldng tich cflc cua Experimental study of the effect of gasohol fuel with phy gia chiim Uu t h i so vdi anh hfldng cua hao and without additive on performance and emissions mdn nin cdn cdi thiin dUpc mdt chut vl cdng suat of spark ignition The 5th South East Asian Technical University Consortium (SEATUC) Symposium tang va suat tilu hao n h i i n lieu TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM V Sd (Thdng nam 2012) ... an mdn, phu gia chong Viet Nam da phdt triln thdnh cdng phu tdch pha, phy gia ehdng oxy hda gia [4] mang tin VPI-D dung cho D5 va VPI-G Cd nhflng phu gia da chfle ndng vfla ddng eho E10 gdm cd... dgng co D243 sU dung nhien lieu D5 pha phu gia VPI-D Cic ket qua phat thai cung cho thay, sU dung nhiSn lieu D5 cd pha phu gia VPl-D cic thinh phan phat thii d«u giam, cu the: CO 3,5%; HC 6,6%;... gid lan lupt vdi nhien lieu D5 va nhien lieu Vdi VPI-G cho nhiin lilu ElO D5 cd phy gia VPI-D Cae chi tilu d^e va so sdnh gdm edng sudt, mdmen, suat tilu hao nhiin 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