NGHII&N CUfU-TRAODOI NGHIEN CLTU THiiT K^ CH^ TAO CUM SAT XI XE TAI Difcri TAN B A N G PHU'aNG PHAP CAN NGUOI RESEARCH ON DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING CHASSIS SET OF UNDER TON TRUCKS WITH COLD ROLLED METHOD NguySn Thanh Quang Mekong Auto Corporation TOMTAT Bdi bdo trinh bdy kit qud nghien cdu dng dung cdng nghi biin dang deo kim logi bdngphUdng phdp cdn ngudi vdo sdn xudt cum sdt xi xe tdi nhe dUdi tdn nhdm ndng cao dd ben, tdng chdt lUdng vd gidm gid thdnh sdn xudt cum sdt xi Ldp kim loai sau cdn ngudi dd dU0c phdn tich to chdc ti vi cho thdy be mat tdm thip cd ti chdc hat kim logi hdn so vdi be mat thep khdng cdn Cum sdt xi d td sit dung phUdng phdp cdng nghe ndy cd kit cdu cdng vdng trgng lUdng cda nd gidm tdi 20% so vdi cum sdt xi nguyen thiiy sd dung hai ldp thep tdm ldng vdo Kit qud nghiin cdu ldm tdi liiu tham khdo doi vdi cdc doanh nghiip sdn xudt nUdc di sdn xudt cum sdt xi d td thay thi nhdp khdu TU khoa: Sdt xi, cdn ngudi ABSTRACT This paper presents the research results of applying metal plastic deformation technology using cold-rolled method in manufacturing the chassis set of under ton trucks in order to enhance the strength and quality, and to reduce the production costs of chassis set The microscopic structure analysis of coldrolled metal layer shows that the steel plate layer has a finer grit structure in comparison with non-rolled steel surface The chassis set made by this technology will have rigid structure while its weight is reduced by 20% compared to the original chassis set using two nested steel layers The research result will be the reference for domestic manufacturers to produce chassis sets to substitute exported products Keywords: Frame chassis, cold rolled TAP CHl CO KHf V I £ T NAM • S6 (Thang nam 2013) Q | NGHIEN ClJU - TRAO DCI l.GlOlTHlfiu Khi cac xe to tai hoat dpng tren mat diicmg g6 ghe se lam cho cum sat xi chiu xoan va u6n vdi nhieu dang khac nhau, gay cac hU hong doi vdi sat xi, hinh tang thim d6 cijtng uon t?i cac vi tri ISp cau trfldc va cau sau, ta c6n tang cUdng th&n cac tam noi co mat cat chii [ hoac chiJ A 16ng ip chat vao phia bin ciia dSm dpc N I D U N G NGHlfiN C0U 2.1 Cac d?ng tai tic ddng len sat xi (a) Sdt xi d to tdi (b) Kiiu ndi ddm ngang vdi ddm doc Vile tinh toan xoan vk uon cila dSm co nhieu phuong phap, nhtf tinh toan thi|t ke theo cau tnic dSm hd, cSu triic dam lien tuc, tinh toan dp bfa thfing qua mat cat ngang nguy hiem Phuong phap tinh toan theo tai trpng vi via toe xe dupe 4p dung ph6 bien thift ke xe cong nh?n kieu dang xe mdi tji cac xi nghiip san xuat lap rip 616 mJdc Hinh gidi thieu m6 hinh lac ngang sat xi xe di qua dudng xfa gay tii trpng tic dung lln sit xi Cic d ^ g tii trpng tic dving lln sat xi: - Tai trpng thing dUng; xe chjy trin dudng bang phang qua mip m6 - Tai trpng lac dpc, lac ngang xe ch?y tren dUdng xiu liln tuc (d) Sdtxi chiu xoan vd udn Htnhl.fChungsdtxixetdivdcdcdangxodn,u6ncuatdnmg ^ ^ Trin hinh (b), hai dam dpc ciia sit xi co dp Cling t6t nhit, ca khung chi bi xoan chii khdng bi Hmh Md hinh chju tdi khungxe d td bi ldc ng uon Trin hinh (c) mo ta hai dam dpc hi uon cdn Trong qua trinh xe chay, sat xi chiu cac lUc ci khung bi xoan tac dung tU d6ng cd truyln qua ly h^p, hpp s6 len Sat xi tren xe tii la phan tii chiu tii dpng sat xi va lUc tac dung til mat dii6ng qua lop, bdnh ldn Thdng thudng dupe thiet ke kieu khung thang xe, he th6ng treo truyln ISn sat xi T6ng h(?p hai gom cd hai dam dpc va cic dam ngang Vile lUa ngu6n hie lam sat xi bi uon va xoan vi dtf(?c chpn kieu profile phu thupc vao dp eiing xoan cua xac dinh theo dinh lu^t Hue (Ll) sit xi Loai sat xi chiu xoan dUdc sii dung ph6 biln hon trin xe tii Vi tri chiu lUe tie diing ldn nhat tren sat xi la tai cac vi tri mdi ndi giiia dam dpe va (1.1) dam ngang Vi vay, ta dung cic tam ndi die bilt de noi bang cac dinh tin ri vl vi sii dung han De K^ = K^f + K,j„ TAP CHl CO KHf VIET NAM • Sd (Thing nam 2013) NGHIEN CUTU-TRAO Ddi Trong d6: xi Co hai phddng phap tinh sdt xi: Tinh khung theo bin va tinh khung theo xodn M^: M6 men ldc ngang t^ he thong treo tnicfc; Khi tinh toan, ta tinh dng suat tai tilt M^: M6 men lie ngang tai h$ th6i^ treo sau; K^ H? so dp ciJng ISc ngang cua he thong treo dien bat ky tren khung theo c6ng thdc (1.6) tnidc; K : H^ s6 cdng lac ngang cua h^ thong treo 6xMd (1.6) sau; 5xh(h + 6b) K : H§ s6 d0 cdng lac ngang tren toan xe; tTng suat cho phep cua dam dpe dUdc 41; Goc ldc ngang than xe tinh theo cdng thiic (1.7) (1.2) M6 men ldc ngang tai he thong treo tnidc: [a] = (1.7) 1.5(Ka+l) : Chieu day thep lam dam; b : Chieu rpng dam; (1.3) h: Chieu cao dam, thudng b = (0,35-0,45)h; K^ : He so tai trpng dpng, thUdng K^ = 2,5 - 3,5; Md men me lac ngang tai he thdng treo sau: o^: Gidi han chay cua v|t li?u Md (1.4) Dam sat xi dUpc chl tao bdng thip hpp Msr=K||ir K.(jif+K|jir kim titan 30T co dp cdng tang 30% so vdi khung CO cung kich thUdc chl tao bang thip 25Kn Khi Hai md men lam cho sat xi bi xoan CO them titan tang tinh chay nen khung de d|p qud trinh xe chd tai chgiy tren dudng khong nguoi hon Cac xa ngang dUpc chl tao tU thip OSKII cd kha nang dap sau hdn bang phdng Msf =K,|,f Md Bang cac biln phap cong nghl ta cd thi TrUdng hpp tong quat, xdt xi bj lac dpc va Idc ngang ciing vdi thdn xe, mo men ldc dpc va lac Iam tang dUdc gidi han chay cua vat lieu, td dd tang dng suat cho phep [a] va tdng khd nang chju ngang dUpc tinh theom cong thdc (1.5) tai cua dam Cac biln phap cong nghl chl (Gxhixsin(|f) + G x v tao khung sat xi la: (1.5) xcose Mdn = (Rxg)xhixcos(|i Long thim mpt sat xi thd hai dpc vdo long sat xi thd nhat Bien phap ddn gian M^: M6 men ldc dpc ldc ngang tong hpp tac dung vl cong nghl nhUng t6n vl vgit Ueu vd tang khoi len sdt xi; lupng sat xi G: Trpng lUpng xe dat tai trpng tam; hj: Dp ndng xe bi lie t^ diem tinh toan; Biln phap thd hai la sd dung phUdng phap E: Gdc ldc dpc; can ngupi, tao ldp biln cdng bl mat thep tam, R: Ban khinh banh xe; thay doi to chdc tl vi kim loai hdn, thay doi g: Gia tdc trpng trUdng; gidi han chay cua vat Ueu, tang dng sudt cho phep V: Van tdc chuyin dpng cda xe ma khdng tang khdi lUdng sat xi Bi?n phdp cong nghe ddi hdi phdi ddu tU may mdc thilt bi can M6 men ldc dpc va Idc ngang thdc ngupi nin phu hdp vdi san xudt loat d quy mo ^ tl phdn bo khong doi xdng ldm uon vd xodn sat cdng nghiep TAP CHl CO KHl VI$T NAM • S6 (Thang ndm 2013) NGHIEN C O U - T R A O D O I 2.2 Nghiin cdu c h l tao khung sat xi xe tai nhe bang t h i p can ngupi AH == H2 - H i Can ngupi lam giam dupc dp day cua thep, lam be mat tdm thep nhan min, cdi tien cdu true hat va tao thu0c tinh cd hpc khac Moi be mat cd t h i trdi qua qua trinh can b6 sung d l cai thien b l mgit hdn nda Be mat cang nhan min, thi kha nang chong an mdn cang cao, chdng trdy xUdc, vlt mdi, vlt bdn Khi nghiin cdu m^t trUdt tinh the kim loai, bdng thUc nghiem cho thay kim loai bi pha huy khdng phai theo Idp phdn each gida cac hat ma sU pha huy Iai chinh d cac hat Can ngupi la cong nghe bien dang deo lam tang dp cua cac h^t tinh the kim loai Hinh mo ta torn tat cong ngh? can tam kim loai Chilu day th^ mrockhican I'- ^., ^ ,.: y^ VMigbioid^l/ , , '^ \ Chieu day thep J ^ ^ ^ ^ „ „ can Hinh Md hinh cdn tdm kim logi mdng Yeu cdu quan trpng qud trinh can la npi dng suat cua biln dang dec khdng dUdc qua ldn, dam bao kim loai vdn gid dUdc dd b i n cao Trong qua trinh can ngudi, nhiet dp cda phdi thep d mdc dudi 400°C May can co kich thudc hai true cdn gidng nhau, quay ngUdc chilu vdi cung tdc dp Gid thiet phdi can cd cd tinh dong d i u phan bd d i u tren todn bd chilu rdng vd chilu day phdi, ta ky hieu: H,, H^, L,, L^, B, B^ Ian Iddt la chieu day, chilu dai va chilu rpng cda phoi trUdc va sau cdn, theo Iy thuylt cac thdng sd cd bdn cua qua trinh can tinh theo cdng thdc (1.8) X _L2 >1 Ll AB = B2 - B i == a.AH AH: Dp n i n ep tuylt doi; X: H I sd keo dai; AB; Dp nd rpng theo chilu ngang Khi can, ldc td true can dat Iqi phdi moi Idc ep P.j.g du Idn thang ndi trd biln dang dia phdi, va ngUpe Iai cung cd mot phdn lilc td phoi tac d^ng len true can Gpi S.^.^^ la diln tich tiep xiic trung binh gifla true can va phdi, Idc toan pMn can thilt de can dddc tinh theo cdng thdc (1.9) P = P„xS^ (1.9) Tri lUc ep trung binh P^j phu thupc vk Thanh phan hda hpc ciia phdi, nhilt dp ciia phoi va dp day cila phdi can Vdi cic tinh toan d tren, nhdm nghien eiiu da thuc hien c h l tao thilt bi cin ngupi, ttien khai ein thep t i m bang cdng n g h | cin ngudi va lap r i p h o i n thiin cum sit xi theo nhiem vu khoa hpe edng nghl cua Bp Cdng ThUdng Thilt bi can dUdc dan dpng bang dpng co diln pha va cac true cic dang vdi khdp ndi mem tU Ilia Thong so eo b i n eua true cin la chi tilt quan trpng may ein gdm: True can dUpc che tao tU thep c6 j Cling be mjt dat 58-62HRC, b i n ngoai ma croS bdng C i c thdng sd hinh hpc cO ban cila true can trinh bay tren hinh CiciiLTalldbk FT i^chiu^ r