Nghiên cứu chế tạo hệ truyền động kéo cho ô tô điện dùng động cơ một chiều không cổ góp

NGHIEN ciiu-TRAODOI ^ Nghien cuU chd tao tie truySnflongkeo Clio to dien diing dong od mot ohl6u idiong c6 gdp (*) TS NGUYEN VAN THUAN (**) ThS LE VAN LQfl (***) KS TO KIM KHOI TOM TAT Odng eg mdt chieu kiidng co gdp liien ddgc dung hau het cac d td dien vl mgt sd du diem cua nd Bai bao gidi thieu khai quat ve nguyen ly lam viec va mgt so tinh du diem cua loai ddng eg truyen ddng keo va gidi thieu ve mgt so ke't qua nghien cdu ve he truyen dgng cho xe hai chay dien ac quy l.DATVANDE Hien nay, xe hai chay dien dang dugc nhieu qudc gia va cac hang san xuat old quan lam phat trien, vi nd la mdt nhung giai phap hieu qua de giai quyet van dc can kicl dan eiia ngudn nang lugng hda thach va bien ddi hau loan eau Xe hai chay dien mac dii da dugc bau bet cac nha ehe tao dtd dua thi trudng nhung van chua that phd bien va dang ddi hoi dugc nghien euu hoan thien hon Cac nghien cuu na\ dang lap trung vao hai hudng chinh; (1) nang eao hieu suat va kha nang tuong thich vdi cac nguon nang lugng tai tao; (2) giam kich thudc, khoi lugng nit ngan thdi gian nap va keo dai thdi gian su dung binh dien Hieu suat va kha nang tuong thich vdi cac ngudn nang lugng lai lao phu thudc chu >eu vao eau tnic he truyen dgng va ddng ea keo, dd dgng ea keo cd vai trd ca so Hicn nay, ddng ca mdt chieu khdng cd gdp (BLCD) lo kha phu hgp vdi cac >eu cau Ddng CO dicn mdt chicu khdng cd gdp dugc cap (•*) Hoc vien Ky thuat Quan su (*•) Trucmg Cao dang Cong nghiep va Xay dung (**')Viettel dien va cd tinh chat dieu khien gidng ddng ea dicn mdt chieu truyen thdng nhung khdng ed cd gdp va chdi than Ngoai ra, nd cd mat cdng suat ldn cd hieu suat va lin cay cao, dd, dugc su diing hau bet eac xc hai chay dicn He truy en dgng keo cd the dugc xay dung theo cau tnic mdt ddng co chu ddng hoac theo cau tnic ddng ca chu dgng eau tnic thir nhat lien diing cho cac than xe cd san cua old truyen thdng, cau tnic thu hai phii hgp vdi than xe ehe tao mdi : Phu tai dien klzq DC-DC ^ Hop giam toe Batili xe Hinli 1: He thong dien cua xe mpt dpng co chu dona Cau tnic thd hai cd ket cau ea dan gian, cd kich thudc va khdi lugng nho ban, thuan lgi cho vice TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM V So - Tliang nam 2011 NGHIEN ciiu - TRAO 00! giai bai loan ddng hgc gam xe Do dd, ed hieu suat eao ban va tinh nang dieu khien tdl ban cau tnic thir nhat He thong dien cua xe gdm hai phan; phan dien than xe hay he thong dien than xc va phan dieu khien chuyen dgng hay he thong truyen dgng keo He thong dien than xe thuc hicn eung cap dien va dieu khien cac den ehieu sang, eac den bao hieu xin dudng va ehi thi trang thai binh dien Cae phan lu dugc gdp ehung nhdm phu tai dien va ed dien ap dinh muc deu bang 12V nhan dugc tir cua cua bd bien ddi DC-DC He thdng truy en dgng keo thirc hien cung cap dien va dieu khien loan bg ehuyen ddng cua xe nd bao gdm bg dieu khien va dgng ca dien Vi he thdng dien cua hai loai xe khac khdng dang ke nen a day chi minh bga sa dd khdi chirc nang he thong dien (hinh 1) eua xe mdt ddng ca chu dgng Hinh 3b: So cap dien dong thai Vi tri rdto cua BLDC dugc phat hien nhd cam bien vi tri, thudng dugc xay dung tren ea sd cac cam bien Hall hoac quang dien gan tren slato (d day la ba cam bien Hall; HA, HB, HC va duge bieu dien bang ba mui ten net dam hinh 2a) Theo Vl tri eua rdto, bg ehuyen mach se ndi cac pha vao ngudn dien mdt chieu theo trinh lu hay quy luat mong mudn De de hinh dung va lam rd nguyen ly lam viec ciia BLDC, cd the quan sat each cap dien ea ban, dd, tai Ddng CO mgt chieu khdng cd gdp (BLDC) ed cau mdi thdi diem, chi mdt pha dugc cap dien So dd mach tao va dd duge phan loai gidng dgng ca ddng bd cap dien hay bg chuyen mach cho each cap dien co Imyen thdng kich tir bang nam cham vTnh ciru, hinh 2a dang hinh 2b, dd cac Iranzista trudng MA, md la cau lao cua BLDC ba pha mdt cap cue Hai loai MB va MC lac ddng nhu cac chuyen mach ddng CO khac d each cap dien, neu nhu cac Gia sir rdto dang d vi tri minh hga hinh 2a va pha cua ddng ca ddng bd truyen thdng dugc cap dien xoay chieu ba pha khdng phu thudc vi tri cua rdto thi cap dien ap U^ cho pha A (day mau do) bang each md cac pha cua BLDC dugc cap dien mdt ehieu theo vi tri tranzisla MA, MB va MC dang khda thi rdto se quay theo chieu kun ddng hd Khi gde 0j^ giiia true tir B^ tuong ddi giua chiing vdi rdto cua rdto va true tir B ^ cua pha A bing 0° chuyen sang cap dien cho pha B (day mau den), bang each khda MA va md MB, thi rdtotieptuc quay theo chieu cu Den gdc giira Bj^ va true tir B^ cua pha B b^ng 30° ehuyen sang cap dicn cho pha C (day mau xanh), bgng each khda MB va md MC thi rdto van tiep tire quay theo chieu eir Tiep theo, gde 0^ giua B^ vdi true tir B^, cua pha C ciing bang 30° lai chuydn sang cap dien cho pha A, bang each khda MB va md MC, rdto tiep tuc quay va qua trinh se lap lai Neu tiep tue tri trinh tu cap dien nay, rdto se quay dugc mdt vdng ca sau mdt chu ki cap dien, va khoang tiidi gian nay, tu trudng may hay tir trudng long, ma a moi thdi diem mdt pha day quan too cung quay dugc mdt vdng ca Nhu vay, ldc quay cua roto bang toe cua hi trudng, va neu ddi thu tu cap dien thi tir trudng, va dd rdto quay theo chieu ngugc lat DONG CO MOT CHIEU KHONG CO GOP Hinh 3a: Trinh tir cap dien co ban Trinh tu cap dien tren cho thay BLDC dugc cap dien hoan loan luong tu each cap dien eho cac phan TAP CHi c a KHi VIET NAM *l* So - Thang nam 2011 NGHIEN Ciiu - TRAO OOI tu day quan phan irng ciia ddng co mdt chi^u truyen thdng, dd vi tri rdto va ebuy en mach ciing dugc thuc hien nhd be thdng chdi than va cd gdp Neu so pha cua BLDC bang sd phan lu day quan phan img ciia ddng ca truyen thdng thi hai ddng ca lam viec gidng nhau, luy nhien, vi mgt sd ban ehe nen so chuyen mach dien tu khdng the qua ldn, dd so ba pha eua BLDC thudng ban ehe d mirc khdng qua ba [ 1] r- : ; 1 Nhirng phan tich tren cho thay nguyen ly lam \ iec cua BLDC gidng nguyen ly lam viec cua ddng co mdt chicu truy en thdng, do, dae tinh ca cua hai loai dgng CO eiing luong tu nhau, va de cd mdmen ldn, BLDC thudng dugc cap dien ddng tbdi cho hai pha bing each md ddng tbdi hai tranzisla cua bd chuyen mach theo so dd hinh 3b Trinh tu cap dien theo vi tri cua rdto tuang irng vdi trang thai eua ba cam bien Hall, dugc minh hga bang cac bieu dd hinh 3a Khdng phu thudc each cap dien mdmen dien tir T cua BLDC, cd the duge xae dinh theo luat can bang nang lugng, a he don vi chuan (1)7;, eja+e,ii,+ej^ CO Trong dd; 2TK e^, e^ va e^ tuong irng la sire dien ddng cam irng cua cae pha A B vaC; 3T,r Hinh 3a: Trinh tu cap dien co ban i^ va 1, tuong iing ddng dien eac pha A, B va C; - ^ ^ ^ ^m la van tdc gdc cua tnic Rotor ^ Tiep theo bieu dien cac sire dien ddng theo lde gdc va ket cau ddng co, tir dd, xac dinh ddng dien theo so dd mach tuong duong ciia mdi pha, va thay chiing vao (1) sc nhan duge bieu thirc dac tinh co Dac tinh CO ciia BLDC vdi hop sd mdt cap dugc minh hga ciing vdi dac linh co cua ddng ca ddt vdi hop sd cap hinh [2], va cho thay kha phii hgp vdi Imyen ddng keo Uo M4 ^ ^ M5 ^ ^ Hinh 3b: So cap dien dong thai 20- ; ; "XZ ; ; I >#^^