Nghiên cứu công nghệ sấy thóc và ngô giống bằng thiết bị sấy SH1 200 nhằm tăng hiệu quả sấy

^ ^ T QUA NGHIEN CiTU KH-CN CUA VIEN CpNG NGHE SAU THU HOACH NAM 2001 NGHIEN CUU CONG NGHE SAY THOC VA NGO GI()NG BANG THIET BI SAY SHI-200 N H A M TANG HIEU QUA SAY Cao Van Hiing, Dang Xuan Mai, Biii Kim Khanh, Tran Van Dung, Nguyen Tii Quynh, Dang Thanh Quyen, Nguydn Thu Trang, Pham Quang Dung Bd mdn Bdo qudn thuc phdm - Vien CNSI'II Say la mpt bien phap quan tremg viec chu dong lam kho nong san elac biet la iJicu kien thcri lict khong thuan loi De tai da nghien ciiu cac bien phap ky thuat say tren nen thiet bi say SHl-200 Vien Ce'mg nghe sau thu hoach thiei ke cdng suai 180-200kg/mc \a da xae dinh dupe qui trinh say sau; chon nhiet ele) say 42-43°C ddi vdi thoc gieing va 18"C eldi vc'ri ngo gidng ve'Ti tdc de) bay hcri am 0,30-0,56"^ ani/gier, u 5-6 Idn/mii (2-3 giei daei lan) den ham im 13^^^ San pham thck ngo giemg sau say se co ti lc mam cao (98-102% so vdi thoc, ngo giong pheri khd tu nhien) Cong nghe say the')c ngo gieing bang may say Sni-2(K)d(m gian, ehi phi say tiiap, da dupe trien khai va ling dung nhicu mang lai hicu qua cao de)i vcii qui nio her gia dinh L DAT VAN Df: De chu dpng lam khd thoc mpt so cdng ty san xuai may nong nghiep, cae truimg dai hoc, cac vien, trung tam nghien ciru da nghien cu^, thidt ke, che lao mot sci' chiing loai may say Theo bao cao ciia 35 tinh (11 tinh ddng bdng song Curu Long tinh mien ddng Nam IVK tinh Duven hai mien Trung va Tay Nguyen, 14 tinh phia Bdc), so luemg may say da va dang duoe su dung lii 3275 chide dei may say tinh dupe dung nhieu nhai (3236 ehiee) may say lh;ip vi may sfi)' tang sPi (23 ehiec), cdn lai la eae loai khac Cac loai may say dang dQng ed nang suai tir 200 kg de'n 40 tdn/me phu herp ve'ri eac hp gia dinh nhu ddi vdi cac hp gia dinh cd qui mo rue)ng dai nhd hon 0,5ha thudng dung cac loai may sdy re lien, nang suai nhd hem tan/me Cac ho cd qui mo ldn hon 0,5 va cac hp lam dich vu thuemg diing may say 4-8 tan/mc Trong nam 1998-1999 cd 1495 ehiee may say dupe ehe tao, cac cer sd phi'a Bdc che lao 115 chide, say thdc ngd gieing thiic an gia siic va xuai khdu sang CIIDCND Lao, cac co sd phi'a Nam ehe tai) 1338 ehiee, phue vu cho sa'y thdc d ddng bdng song Curu Long Djnh hue'mg phat trien nghanh ndng nghiep tir nam 2000 de'n nam 2010 la giir eSn djnh trii:u ddt dc san xuai liia, gia dn dinh san luemg liia la 33 trieu lan/nam, dd lua gao an va du trO: 25 trieu lan eon lai dc xuat khdu va nhu cdu khac Dc dat duerc muc tieu den nam 2010 phai giam mire tdn thai sau thu hoaeh xudng due'ri 7% Muem vay phai dua li le thdc duoe sfi'y len eao Tii den nam 2005 phai giai quyet cer ban vice lain khd 6-7 trieu tan thoc he thu d ddng bang seing Ciai long Deii vdi cac viing khae, cae vii liia khae can tap trung say 100% eho theie gie")'ng nge") gicing va thdc lam gao xuai khdu May say SII 1-200 la ket qua nghien ciiu eiia \ i e n Cong nghe sau thu hoaeh tre)ng nam 1996-1998, da duerc tridn khai ling dung nhidu dc say hat mang lai hicu qua eho qui md hd gia dinh d cac tinh mien Bdc Su dung nd dc say iheic giemg, ngo giemg hang nghien eiiu dieu ehinh cac the')ng so ky thuat phii hcrp de tuan theo duimg cong say ihoe gidng ngo gidng ehu;in lit eai thidt de co san phdm theic gieing veil siic mdm tdt, ti le mam eao, kip thdi co gid'ng nhanh thdi gian chuyen vu ma kheing phu thupc vao then tie't Mue tieu di lai la: - Say thoc gidng, ngd gidng cd ti le mam bdng hoac cao hon 2-3%- so vdri phoi ndng tu nhien - Say thdc thit co ti le thu hdi gao nguyen cao hem 3-5% so vdi phoi ndng tu nhien - Chi phf sdy (da tfnh ca tdn that qua trinh lam khd bdng say va phoi nang) bdng hoac thdp hem so vdi pheri ndng tu nhicn IL VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP - Thdc gieing Q5, Khang Dan, DV 108 cap va tir cae giei'ng liia thudn ciia Trung Qudc nhap npi tir vu xuan 1996, cac gieing ngd: LVN20; TSB2; VMl dang dupe gieo trdng, san xuai tai cac hp gia dinh tremg loan tinh I la Tay eua vu xuan nam 2000 May say SII 1-200 la san pham nghien ciiu de tai (1996-1998) cua Vien CPng nghe sau thu hoach dang duetc tridn khai tai cac he) gia dinh d eac tinh mien Bdc TCr thf nghiem nhd de'n thi nghiem lein rdi ddn thuc nghiem nhd de'n thuc nghiem ldn va trien khai san xuat •• '••'•' Tfnh trung binh tdng the, dp lech tieu chudn lemg the (dp lech mdu) Kidm tra gia thidt thd'ng ke theo phucmg phap Ilcalcy Cac chi tieu phan ti'ch chai lucmg thcic gid'ng, thdc thjt, ngo giemg theo cac tieu chudn hien hanh Viet Nam va nganh HI KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Md ta torn tat may say SH 1-200 May say SI II -200 la loai may say tinh, say me, mdi me say dupe tii 180-220 kg thdc (tiiy dm va dung tremg cua thdc) May say dua tren nguyen ly ddi luu, ddng khong khf ndng dupe dng hiit nhd quat (150 m3/h, 1/8 CV) hiit tir bep than Id ong cd hoa trdn them khong khf ngupi dd dieu chinh duerc nhiet dp khdi Id (dupe goi la tac nhan say) nhd he thdng c trudc di vao budng say chiia thcic, khdng khf ndng due;c di qua ldp hat d budng say ve'ri be day Idp say 18 cm tren ca chieu cao may khoang met duerc dd dang Ddng khong khf lam ndng hat, hiit dm tii hat va chuyen dm dd ngoai khdng khf qua mat ludi cua may Trcn chieu eao may say dupe phan hai doan: 2/3 phi'a dudi thuc hien qua trinh say thdc true tidp tidp xiic vdi khPng ncing, 1/3 phi'a tren thuc hien qua trinh u thoc khPng true tiep tie'p xiie vdi khong ndng Nhu vay qua trinh say dugc thue hien de'n dat dupe dp dm cdn thiet 3.2 Thdc gidng 3.2.1 Anh hudng ciia nhiet dp say den siic mam, ti le mdm ciia thdc gidng Cae loai the)c giemg Q5, Khang Dan, DV 108 co ham dm 24-26% dupe dem say cr nhiet dd 38, 40, 43, 45 ± 0,5'^C de'n ham dm 13±0,2% Sau say xong, thdc dupe dem bao quan de ngu nghi thdi gian 14, 30, 60, 90 ngiiy odieu kien phemg tu nhien Kei qua siic mdm va ti Ie mam duetc chi d bang Ket qua bang chi rdng thdc duetc say d cac nhict dp say tren deu dat tieu chudn lam thdc giong veil ty le mam 1cm hem 90% Ve'ri thdi gian bao quan 90 ly lc mdm dat ihap nhat la 87% (gidng thdc Khang Dan) nhict dp say 38"C va ty le mam dat cao nhat 99,1% 316 (gidng thdc Q5) d nhiet dp say la 43''C Gid'ng thdc Q5 sau thdi gian bao quan 30 siic ni^rn, ly ig mam eua gid'ng say: d nhiet dp 38°C lan luert la 94,0%,; 96,0%., d nhiet dp 40°C: 94,7%; 96,3%, d nhiet dP 43°C: 97,4%; 100%, d nhiel 45"C: 85,0%; 90,3% va mSu doi chiing; 94%; 94% Nhu vay nhiet dp sa'y tdi uu la 43°C Bangl Anh huong cua nhiet dp say den sdrc mdm va ti le mam cua thdc gidng sau say co ham am 13%, dupe bao quan (dieu kien phdng) or cac thdi gian khac Nhiet dp say (±0,S''C) 38 40 43 45 Ddi chiing Gidng Q5 Khang Dan DV 108 Q5 Khang Dan DV 108 Q5 Khang Dan DV 108 Q5 Khang Dan DV 108 Q5 Khang Dan DV 108 sau 14 bq SNM TLNM % % 98,0 99,0 92,5 97,6 90,2 93,4 94,6 99,0 90,0 93,1 98,0 98,0 97,9 99.0 97,0 99,3 98,1 99,0 95,0 98,0 95,2 91,9 95,0 95,0 97,3 97,3 94,7 91,9 92,7 93,0 Sau 30 bq SNM TLNM Sau 60 bq SNM TLNM Sau 90 ngav bq STvIM TLNM % % % % % % 94,0 92.0 87,0 94,7 92,1 90,1 97,4 90,4 96,5 87,5 89,0 94,5 94,0 95,3 97,0 96,0 98,3 92,8 96,3 98,0 96,7 100 96,2 99,7 90,0 93,1 100 94,0 96,8 97,0 96,3 87,6 91,5 95,0 83,0 95,6 94,1 93,5 97,0 91,3 94,5 96,0 95,7 96,3 95,4 98,3 89,1 95,0 96,3 83,0 99,4 100 99,8 99,0 97,4 97.0 96.0 97,8 98,0 97,0 93,4 87,0 92,4 91,5 87,7 90,4 95,3 94,6 95,0 93,1 90,0 91,5 93,6 92,1 90,7 95,0 87,0 96,8 93,7 90,5 93,7 99,1 98,4 97,0 92,8 92,4 94,0 96,8 94,0 95,0 Bang Anh hudrng cua ham am thoc sau say den chat lupng thoc giong d nhiet say 43"C d cac thdi gian bao quan khac Gidng Q5 Khang Dan 108 Q5 Khang Dan 108 Q5 Khang Dan 108 Ham am(%) 18 18 18 15 15 15 13 13 13 14 bq SNM (%) TLNM 86.4 84.3 89.1 89.7 90.3 94.3 97.9 97.0 98.1 90 86.0 90.0 93.6 92.6 95.7 99.0 99.3 99.0 30 bq 60 bq SNM (%) TLNM (%) SNM (%) 74.6 80.0 82.2 87.9 89.7 85.9 95.2 90.7 91.0 78.9 82.7 84.2 89.3 89.7 85.9 97.6 93.0 93.0 57.2 50.3 62.9 74.0 75.0 78.7 90.2 90.0 86.1 TLNM C^) 59.7 52.3 62.9 76.1 75.0 80.1 94.4 90.0 89.7 90 bq SNM (%) 'ILNM (%) 40.2 43.0 44.7 55.4 60.0 60.0 87.5 85.6 85.0 42.6 45.7 46.2 59.3 62.0 62.0 89.7 86.8 85.0 Kei qua ban g ehi r dng ban1 dm can^ cao lh~ ty le mam c ang thii'p mac du da loai Ixi bat nhiem mdc Do dd harr dm an loan dc c d the biio quiin tr ong thd i gian da va dat duoc ty !i^ mam cao la < 13% 317 3.2.2 Anh hudmg cua nhiet dp tac nhan say den nhiet say or cac am thoc khac say tren may say SHl-200 ] Cac kdt qua nghien eiiu va ngoai nudc ddu khdng djnh ehi nen sdy thdc gidng d nhiSt dp khong qua 43"C la an toan cho su mdm sau Dd dat dugc nbipl dp sdy cua Idp hat sdy la 43°C thi: Nhiet dp tac nhan say theic gid'ng phu thudc vao ham dm eua thdc mang sdy Ndu hat cd ham dm eao thi nhiet tac nhan say cao va ngupe lai Ke't qua quan he giira nhiet dP tac nhan say va nhiet dd ldp hat sdy d cac ham dm thdc khac qua trinh sdy tren may sdy SII l-2(i() dupe thd hien d bang Ket qua bang chi rdng de dat dupe nhiet dP ldp say hat luPn thdp hon 43°C, qua trinh sdy cdn phai dieu chinh nhiet dd tac nhan sdy phu he;rp nhu sau: - Khi bdt ddu qua trinh sdy, dp dm thoc sdy 18-26% thi nen giQ: nhiet dp tac nhan say la 52 ± r C tii ddu qua trinh sdy - Khi thoc say dat dp dm 18±0,5% thi giam nhiet dd tac nhan sdy tdi 49±rC Khi thdc sdy dat dd dm 14±0,5%; thi giam nhiet dd tac nhan sdy tdi 43±rc.va ed thd giii d nhict eho den ket thiic qua trinh sdy Vcii ca loai thcic gid'ng dung eho nghien cuoi ddu khong cd khae biet vdi cae mdi quan he trcn Bang Nhiet dp ldp thdc say ("C) six dung nhiet dp tac nhan say khac d cac ham am thdc say khac Nhiet tac nhan say ("C) 52 ± 49 ± 46 ± 43+ 40 ± 26±0,5 34±1 33±1 32±1 3.3±1 33±1 22±0,5 36±1 35±1 34±1 33+1 33±1 H a m a m thdc say (%) 18±0,5 16±0,5 43±1 43±1 43±1 42±1 4.3+1 42+1 41±1 42+1 36±1 37+1 14±0,5 46±1 45±1 43±1 42±1 37±1 12+0,5 50±1 46±1 43±1 42±1 37+1 3.2.3 Anh hudrng cua tdc dp bay hoi am den ti Ie mdm cua thdc say De khdc phuc su chenh lech nhict dp le'tp say, tang kha nang bay he^i dm ddng deu eua thdc ta phai tidn hanh dao thdc va u thdc Sir dung nhiel dp tac nhan say nhu ket luan d muc 3.2 Ket qua quan he giira tdc dp bay hoi dm (% dm/gid) dao thdc, li thdc den ti te ran mil va mdm cua hat theic duerc chi d bang Kei qua bang trcn ehi rdng sd ldn dao nhieu thi tbi to'c dp bay hoi am ldn nhung cQng khdng nen nhd hem gid./ldn dao di dam bao khdi ton thdt nhict dao Tang sd ldn say, u ien 1,5 ldn thi tdc dp bay heti am tang nhanh gdn ldn Tei'c dp bay hoi am (didu chinh bdng sd ldn say, u) tren meit dem vj thdi gian cung anh hudng tdi ti le mam ciia hat So ldn say, u cang tang thi ti le mam cang cae) va ti lc mam thdc sdy dat tdi 98-102 % so vdi thoc phoi Nhu vay, thdc say cd ti le mam tucmg duemg ihoe pheti tu nhien ling vdi toe dp bay hoi dm ih 0,35-0,56%/gid 3.2.4 Anh hudrng tdc dp bay hoi am den chat lupng gao sau xay xat ciia thdc thit Chudn bj say thdc gici'ng dupe thuc hien nhu muc 3.2.2 (sdy ddn ham dm thdc 13%), muc 3.2.3 (nhict say 43°C), muc 3.2.4 (tei'c dp bay heti am 0,35-0,56% dm/h) Ket qua anh hudng eua teic dp bay heti dm de'n chat lupng gao xay xal duetc chi d bang 318 Ket qua bang chi tdc dp bay hoi dm (% dm/h) cua thoc say cang eao thi chai luemg nguyen luong cang thap Nhu vay, thdc say d tdc dp bay hoi am tha'p se cho thdc ed chat luemg nguyen luong tdt nhai xay xat va d tdc bay hoi dm 0,3% dm/h la phu hpp dd dam bao chai lupng nguyen lucmg eao hem so vdi ddi chiing (pheti ndng) Ket qua kiem tra gia thiet eho thay ring vdi eae thdng sd sa'y nhu bang 4, va 6, tai sac xuai P = 90%, ti le mdm thdc gid'ng sau say, chai lupng nguyen luemg xay xal ddi vdi cac loai gid'ng thdc khac la khdng ed y nghia khae nhau, cd nghia la thdc say bdng cac che dc) sa'y nhu tren deu ap dung cho tai ca cac loai gidng thdc khac ma van cd ket qua khdng khac ve ii le mdm va chat luemg nguyen luong xay xat Bang Ti le mdm thoc gidng d cac tdc dp bay hoi am khac say Tdc dp bay hoi am (%am/h) 0,30 0,35 0,56 So gid/dao lan (giP/Ian) Sd ian u vdi luong 1/3 thdc say (ldn) Ti le mam (%) Ten thoc giong Sdy DC 90,6 96 94 92,4 99,3 94 Ti le say/DC (4/5) 96 94 94,3 97,3 100 97 102 Q5 DV108 Q5 Q5 Khang Dan Bang Anh hudmg ciia tdc dp bay hoi am qua trinh say (nhiet dp say 43"C, ham dm thdc sau say 13%) den ti le thu hdi gao lat, gao xat, gao nguyen Tdc dp bay hoi am(%/h) 0,30 TLGL TLTrau TLGX TLcam (% thdc) (% thdc) (% thoc) (% thoc) 79,73 20,27 69,93 80,33 19,67 69,50 10,83 KDDC %S/DC 66,63 14,73 83,10 16,90 Q5CM 70,80 29,20 51,88 18,92 69,11 30,89 Q5CM 80,79 19,21 59,94 %S/S 120 20,85 30,27 69,73 Q5DC %S/DC 119 III 82,57 17,43 66,76 15,81 69,54 30,46 Q5BV 82,93 17,07 71,64 11,29 95,67 4,33 Q5DC "JcS/DC 73 93 0,56 KDST 19,-59 18,64 • I- 16,49 80,41 81,36 128 c; 83,51 104 101 0,35 T L tam TL(;N Ghi chij (% gaoxiil) (% j»ao xal) i 79,16 20,84 68,29 10,87 84,31 15,69 KDTO 79,06 20,94 68,49 10,57 86,02 13,98 ! KDIX: %S!DC 1 99.7 98 L 319 Ghi chii: TL.GL: li le gao lat; TTGX: Ti le gao xat; TLGN: Ti le gao nguyen; KD, Q5: ten gid'ng theic khang dan va Q5; ST: huyen Sem Tay; BV: huyen Ba Vi; TO: huyen Thanh Oai; CM: huyen Chuong My; S: say; DC: den chiing (pheti ndng tu nhien) 3.2.5 Xac djnh cdng nghe say thdc gidng tren may say SHl-200 '^ v ri a) Dudng cong sdy thdc gieing Tir cac ke't qua nghien ciiu trcn, xac lap duemg cong sdy thoc giP'ng tdi uu dupe chi d hinh Ducmg cong say bieu thi su giam ham dm thdc giemg say theo dem vi thdi gian TCr dd thj CO the chia lam giai ck)an say: - (iiai doan 1: 12 h say ddu lien, ung dung cho theic gid'ng say eo ham dm tren 20% vdi tei'c dp say rat cham va tir tCr giam ham dm - Giai doan : Tir gid thii 12 trd di cho den theic say khd, img dung cho thdc giP'ng say cd ham dm tha'p hem 20% vdi tP'c dp say nhanh hon giai doan I • • f yV Duang cong say thoc (Chirang My, Ha Tay, 19/6/2000, 3h dao •n Thoi giaiiOh) Hinh Duimg cong say thdc gidng b) Ducimg cong nhiet sdy thdc gidng ihuemg cong nhiet say thdc gieing duoc xac lap saet cho dam bao va dap ung duetc tai ca cac thong sd nghien ciiu tren hien thuc dc chai lucmg thdc gid'ng la tdt nhat Dudng cong < , -IQet nhict dp say la: ã mMii ;.;.i;r|rn V ô*!ã; i ã •• i 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Thdi gian(lh) Hinh Dudng cong nhiet dp say 320 r c) Qui trinh cong nghe sd'y thoc gidng Thuvei minh qui trinh Thdc nvd pjd'ns cdn sd'y; Sau thu hoaeh, thdc ed dp dm rat cao (tren 26%), cdn dupe hong lai nha hoac san nhd gid hoac anh ndng de tren bd mat se rao nudc (dp dm 21-22%) Ngd cdn dupe te hat eiing d eiing dp dm tren tbi dua vao may sdy mdi tang hieu qua say Lam sach • Thoc ngP hat trude say cdn lam sach tap chat eho lupng tap chat nhd hon 1-2% de qua trinh say ddng deu, giam tdn thai nhiet, tang siic chiia hiru fch eho may lam tang nang suai may say Nhdm hep than: Doi den budng sdy dupe dP ddy thdc thi ddy bdp than vao dung giira mieng hiit kbi ndng Do thdc (nsd) cdn sd'y vdo budns sd\: Trong thcM gian nhdm than ta dd thdc (ngo) vao budng sdy Khdi lupng thdc say dupe mdi me tur 180-220 kg ( Ngo 220-250 kg) thupc vao dp dm, tap chdt, dung trpng cua ihdc (ngP) Thdc (ngP) ed nhieu tap chai thi lupng thdc (ngP) chira dupe ft di va ngupe lai - Khi dp thdc phai dP tii tii va dP deu xung quanh khoang say - Khi da dP day thdc nhd vun thdc deu tren be mat de khoang each tir chdp tan nhiet de'n be mat thdc tren ciing bdng khoang each tir long lue'ti de'n long lucii ngoai Sdy: Sau thdc (ngd) da dp ddy budng say va be'p Id nhdm xong da dugc dat due'ti chup hiit ndng ta cdm dien cho quat chay Trong qua trinh say ludn giir cho than chay ddu va nhict dp ndng dat 48-49"C Khdng cho phep nhict dp tac nhan say cao hem 49°C (Do bang nhiet ke tai dudng dng trudc vao budng say) dd cho nhiet dp khet'i hat ludn tha'p hem 43"C (do bdng nhiet ke cdm sau khdi hat sat long lucii trong) Dieu chinh nhiet dp tac nhan say et cac dp dm thoc (ngo) khae sc khac Say dupe 3-4 gid ta ngimg quat de dao thdc (ngo) lan mpt Dao thdc (ngo) xong, cdm quat dd quat chay va say tie'p 3-4 gid nua Sau 3-4 giet say tiep, rdi dao lan va eii nhu vay sa'y dao tie'p tuc cho tc'ti khd (thudng dao 5-6 Idn/me say) Ndu tha'y thdc (ngei) da kho ta day be'p Id khdi mieng ehup hut khf ndng, khdng deit than i nua ma chi cho quat chay cho de'n thdc (ngd) ngupi hdn me'ti cat di { - Neu thdy thdc chua khP ta say, dao tie'p 1-2 ldn nira rdi ngung quat, ddy bep Id khdi i mieng chup but khf ndng va dc nguyen theic budng sti'y, chay quat eho den thdc (ngo) ngupi hoan loan Khi than chay duemi nhai, nhiet dp khf ndng tang len trcn 52°C ta dcing 2/3 cira Id lai Khi than bat ddu lan,nhiet dp khf ndng giam xuemg duc'ti 50"C ta phai md dan cira Id dd dat nhiet dp say - Kbi cira Id da md het ma nhiet dp ndng vdn giam ta phai thay than mdi Ddo thdc De ddo thdc (ngd) di'ing cdch ta Idm nhusau: Thao ct ba cua thao hat mdi cira mot thiing thdc D6 theic trd lai phi'a tren buong say vc phia bdn khoang say Me'ti ldn dao thao ihiing theic, mdi cira thiing Moi lan thae) hity dd thdc trd lai phai lam tir tir, nhjp nhang .321 So dd qui trinh cong nghe say Thdc, ngd can say W=21-26% Lam sach Nhdm be'p than Bat quat Dd vao may Say 3-4 gid I Dao lan Sdy 3-4 gid Dao ldn 2,3 Say de'n kho Lam ngupi i Cai giii 3.3 Ngo gidng 3.3.1 Anh hudmg ciia nhiet dp say den sire mam va ti le mdm cua ngo gidng Cac loai ngo gidng LVN 20, TSB 2, VMl ed ham dm 25-36% dupe dem say nhiet 38, 42 ±0,5°C de'n ham dm 11,5±0,5% Sau sdy xong, ngP dupe dem bao quan dd ngu nghi thdi gian 14, 30, 60, 90 a didu kien phdng tu nhicn Ket qua sue mdm va ti le mdm dupe chi a bang Ket qua bang chi nhict dp say ngo dd cd ty le mdm cao nhat Id 38°C Ty le mdm cao nhai sau 30 bao quan Nhu vay, dd co ty le ndy mdm, siie mdm cao thi nhiet dp sdy hat ngd giemg la 38°C 322 Bang Anh hudrng ciia nhiet dp say den sure mdm va ti le ndy mam ciia ngd gidng d dp am sau say 11,5±0,5% dupe bao quan theo thdi gian khac Nhiet say ±0,5"C 38 42 DP'i chiing Gidng LVN 20 TSB VM LVN 20 TSB VMl LVN 20 TSB VM Sau 14 bq SNM TI.NM % % 92.1 99.8 Sau 30 bq SNM TLNM % % 97.6 98.3 Sau 60 bq SNM TLNM % % 93.2 89.0 Sau 90 bq SNM TI.NM % % 85.6 90.0 85.7 96.7 75.5 97.0 99.0 77.0 99.0 95.4 77.0 100 97.5 91.3 94.7 93.0 83.5 95.6 93.0 87.9 87.6 90.7 85.3 93.4 92.5 85.6 80.3 81.7 90.1 83.5 93.6 93.6 83.5 93.6 95.0 93.9 92.6 95.0 85.7 90.0 76.5 89.0 90.0 83.4 80.2 79.5 81.0 84.7 87.0 84.3 89.0 93.0 92.8 94.7 87.0 90.0 90.1 90.0 87.0 92.0 85.7 92.0 85.6 87.0 89.7 89.0 3.3.2 Anh hudng cua ham am ngo gidng sau say den sdrc mam va ti le mam Cac loai ngpgieing LVN 20, TSB 2, VM duetc say d nhiet dp 38''C ddn eac ham dm 18, 15,11.5 ±0,5% Vdi cac ham dm khac cac gid'ng ngd duetc dua kiem tra sire mam, ty lc mam Kei qua duetc chi d bang Kdt qua bang chi rang ham dm cang tha'p ty le mam ciia hat etmg eao Do vay ham dm an Utan de cd the bao quan thdi gian dai va dat duetc ty le ndy mam eao la < 14% Bang Anh hudrng cua ham dm ngd sau say den ti le mdm va si'rc mam Ham Gidng Sau 14 bq Sau 30 bq Sau 60 bq dm bq i'LNM % 86.7 SNM % 80.1 TLNM SNM 95.7 SNM % 82.5 85.1 76.3 i'LNM % 11.^ 95.0 95.0 91.3 92.0 87.5 88.0 67.0 70.0 VM 92.0 97.8 89.0 89.0 83.6 85.1 -50.7 59.3 LVN 20 94.6 96.3 89.0 93.7 87.0 90.6 78.0 83.6 99.6 91.2 95.5 85.0 89.0 82.0 82.0 96.4 91.7 92.8 79.0 81.7 SNM% i'LNM% LVN 20 80.5 TSB ±0.5 %o 18 15 11.5 Sau 90 TSB 97.8 VM 94.1 95.0 90.7 LVN 20 97.6 99.0 98.3 99.2 98.0 98.0 86.0 92.6 TSB 99.0 100 90.6 98.3 93.6 94.8 81.7 85.3 VM 98.7 100 94.0 100 95.0 95.0 89.0 89.0 3.2.3 Anh hudmg ciia tdc dp bay hoi dm den sue mdm va ti le mam ngo gidng De khdc phuc su chenh lech nhict dp leip say, tang kha nang bay heti dm ddng ddu cua ngP ta phai tien hanh dao ngo Dao ngo duetc thuc hicn beti md cira thiio, moi cira thiing (khoiing 20 kgAhiing) rdi dd nguetc len tren budng say theo chieu nguerc lai va sole nliau Ket qua quan he 323 giira tdc dd bay hai dm (% dm/gict) dao, ii ngP va ty le mdm eua hat ngd dupe chi d bang Ket qua biing chi rdng so ldn dao cang nhidu thi thi toe dp bay hoi dm cang Idn nhung cung khdng nen nho hem gid/ldn dao dc dam bao khdi tdn thai nhiet dao Tdc dP bay hoi dm (didu chinh bdng sd lan say) tren meit dem vj theti gian cung anh budng tdi ti le mdm cua hat Sd ldn say cang tang thi ti le mam cang cao va ti Ie mdm ngd sdy dat tdi 96-102 % so vdi ngd phoi Cd the ndi rdng ngo say cd ti le mam tuong duong ngo phoi tu nhien ling vdi td'c dp bay hoi dm tir 0,29-0,35%/gid Bang Mdi quan he giiira toe dp bay hoi dm vdri ty le mam ciia ngo Ten gidng LVN 20 TSB VMl Tdc dp bay hoi am (%am/h) 4 Sd lan u vdi lupng 1/3 th6c say (lan) 5 Sd gib/ddo lan (gid/lan) 0.295 0.34 0.287 0.334 0.276 0.321 Ti le mam (%) Ti le sa'y/DC DC (4/5) 95.6 97 98.0 98 93.7 96 95.9 98 96.7 100 96.2 103 Say 93.4 96.8 90.2 94.5 97.3 99.3 3.3.4 Xac djnh cong nghe say ngo gidng bdng may say SHl-200 a) Ducmg cong sdy ngd gidng Duimg cong say ngo gi6ng,ma}' say SIIl-200(ngay 6-7/7/2000, Ih dao) 2=> 20 Is 10 ; : J 10 : 11 , 13 , 14 -iruugbiiih !22.4| 20 20.3 20 ')|20.1jl8.8]l8.3ll8.3j 17 j 16.ll I5.7|14.7 13.3112.4 Thcri gian say (.3h) h) Dudng cong nhiet sdy ngd gidng ^ 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Theiigiandh) ,, , « « „ - L.^ >!/i.-'i\; '.iu i< 324 ^) Qui trinh cong nghe sdy ngd gid'ng So dd qui trinh say ngd gid'ng: Thdc gid'ng va ngd gid'ng cd cung chung mpt qui trinh say va chi khac d eac thPng sd ky thuat say So dd say ngd gidng va thuyet minh qui trinh cd the sir dung nhu thdc gid'ng IV.K^TLUAN Sa'y thdc/ngd gid'ng bang may say SH 1-200 la ed the dat ducjc cac chi tieu ky thuat ciia chai lupng thdc/ngd gid'ng, mang lai hieu qua kinh te Sir dung nhiet dp say 43"C, say den ham am 13%, vdi so lan say, u la 5-6 Idn/me say (2-3 gid/dao mpt ian) tuong duong vdi tdc dp bay hoi am 0,30-0,567o am,'h tbi tbdc/ngP say se dat dupe ti le mam 98-102% so vdi thdc/ngd phoi nang tu nhien Ket qua deu ed the sir dung de say eac loai gidng khae ma chat lue^ng thdc/ngd gid'ng sau say vdn dam bao chai lupng d xac xuat 90% Ddi vdi thdc thjt cung cd ket qua tuong tu nhung chi khac la tdt nhat nen giCt td'c dp bay hoi dm 0,30% dm/h la dd dam bao chai lupng nguyen luong xay xat la tdt nhat se eho TLGX va TLGN bdng lOI-l 11% va 104119% so vdi thdc phoi ndng tu nhien Vdi cac kei qua tren da cd tac dung xoa di quan niem tir lau cho rdng phoi ndng tu nhien la chai lupng thdc lot nhai TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 10 11 12 Hoang Van Chudc, Ky thuat say- Nha xuai ban khoa hpc ky thuat 1997 Cao Van Himg va cpng su Cac ye'u td anh hudng den td'c dp bay hoi dm qua trinh say thdc gid'ng bdng may say SH 1-200 - Ndng nghiep va Cdng nghiep thuc phdm, 8-2000 Bui Huy TTianh Vu Qudc Trung Bao quan Thdc - Nha xuai ban Ndng nghiep, 1980 Bp Ndng nghiep va PTNT Hdi nghj so kei va trinh dien may say liia khu vuc ddng bdng sdng Cim Long - TP Hd Chi Minh, 9-2000 Nguydn Trpng Hien, Biii Huy Thanh Nghien ciru ap dung thiei bj say nPng san qui md nhd 200-3000kg/me - Vien Cdng nghe sau thu hoach, 5-2000 Bp NPng nghiep va PTNT Tai lieu tap huan may say bat - Ha Npi 2000 Tap doan Han Sung, Han Qudc Cdng nghe say thdc hien dai, 1999 R.L.Agrawal Seed technology, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co PVT LTd, New delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, 1980 B.R Champ, E Heghtey, G.I Johnson Grain drying in Asia, Aciar proceeding No 71 Australian centre for Intemational Agriculture Research Canberra 1996 Wallace B Van Arsdel, Michael J Copley, Arthur I Morgan, Jr Food dehydration The AVI Publishing Company INC, 1973 Zela V Barton Seed preservation and longevity - London 1961 - Norman Teter Paddy drying manual, FAO Agricultural ser\ices bulletin FAO Roma, 1987 325 STUDY ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR DRYING PADDY RICE AND MAIZE SEED USING SHl-200 DRYER FOR INCREASING DRYING EFFECTIVENESS Cao Van Hung, Dang Xuan Mai, Biii Kim Khanh, Tran Van Dung, Nguyin Tu Quynh, Dang Thanh Quyen, Nguyin Thu Trang, Pham Quang Dung Division of Food Preservation - PHTI Dryer SH 1-200 with capacity of 180-220 kg/h can be used for drying of paddy rice seed in household since the technology is appropriate, easy-to-operated and selt-contained with higher effect Although it is on small scale, it is still making its way in market particulary in the North of Vietnam because it is availabe in various capacities has lower investment, drying cost (due to the use of smokeless, lower labour requirement) Up to date, there are now about 200 dryer units manufactured and under operation in the area Heated air uses wide temperature ranging from 43-49°C depending on the initial moisture content of the seed, seed mixing-up of 2-3 h/times, and take about 0,35-0,56% moisture content/h In term of germination percentage about 98102% in comparison with the control (sun drying) The dryer works effectively for skin dry paddy rice seed (20-21%) and not for the very wet paddy seed (>25%) The dryer is acceptable only as an intermediate technology 326