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KHOA HOC CONG N G H l IMGHIEIM CIJU X A C DflMH IMGUYEIM LY V A IVldT SO THOIMG s d CHIIMH CUA M A Y D A O SAIM LIEIM H Q P V d l lUAY KEO SO - B O H P VQ Duy Diingi, Trin Diic Dflng2, L6 Diic Quing^, Phan Trudng Giang^ T6MTAT Trong nghien ciiu thiet ke, che tao may dao san lien hgp vdi may keo, viec xac dinh nguyen ly va mpt so thong so chinh ciia may la bet siic can thiet Ket qua nghien cuu da lua chgn dugc nguyen ly cua may dao san kieu bg phan dao luoi phang cd dinh phdi hgp vdi sang rung Cac thdng sd chinh cua may bao gom: Luoi dao phang: luoi dang tam giac, vdi be rpng B = 900 mm, chieu dai L = 300 mm, gdc nghieng luoi dao a = 15° va goc nghieng canh sac y = 40°; sang rung: Chieu dai L = 250 mm, khe hd gitia cac sang K = 120 mm May thiet ke theo cac thdng sd tren dat dugc chi tieu ky thuat dat ra, dd la: Nang suat dat: 0,4 0,5 ha/h, ty le cii sdt < 1,5%, giam 30% chi phi so vdi phuong phap thii cdng Tuy nhien may cd ban che lam viec khdng hieu qua frong dieu kien dat cd dp am cao (>35%) va cd dai nhieu (mat dp > 1,5 kg/m^) TU khda: Luoi ddo phdng cd dinh, sdng rung, mdy ddo san lien hap vai mdy keo LDATVANDE Trgng san xuat san, thu hgach la khau tdn nhieu lag ddng va lag ddng nang nhgc Hien g nudc ta, viec thu hgach sin chu yeu bang phugng phap thu cdng, nhd bang tay ke't hgp vdi dag bang cudc Vi vay, cung vdi su phat frien cua cac vung san xuat sin tap trung, yeu cau eg gidi h g i ddng bd cac khau san xuat san va trudc bet la khau thu hgach frd yeu cau cap bach cua san xuat Xuat phat tii yeu cau thuc tiin cua san xuat san, viec nghien ciiu thiet ke, che tag may dag sin cung cap chg san xuat la rat can thie't Bai viet gidi thieu ket qua nghien cUu xac dinh nguyen ly va mdt sd thdng sd chinh cua may dag san lien hgp vdi may keg 50 - SOHP II MUC TIEU, niOl DUNG VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHIEN CUU NOi dtmg nghidn ciiu Tren eg sd xac dinh ky thuat canh tic, thu hgach va cac dac tinh eg ly cua cay san thu hgach, de tai da xac dinh cac ndi dung nghien ctiu chinh la: Lua chgn nguyen ly Iam viec cua may dag san; Xac dinh cac thdng sd ket cau va che dd lam viec cua may theg nguyen ly da chgn Phuong phip nghidn ciiu - Phugng phap lira chgn nguyen ly va xac dinh thdng sd chinh cua miu may - Phugng phap ludng, danh gia cac tinb chat eg ly vat lieu ndng nghiep de nghien ciiu, thief ke, che tag lien hgp may thu hgach sin - Phugng phap xac dinh cic chi tieu danh gia chat lugng ve dieu kien khag nghiem nhtr Dieu kien ddng mdng, dac diem cay san; ve ky thuat cua may nhu nang suit thuan tuy, luc nhd trung binh cue dai, ty Ie sdt, ty le gay cu, ty Ie dat bam fren cu III KET QUA NGHIEN CUU K^t qui lua chgn nguySn ly miy dio sin a Yeu cdu ky thudt cua mdy ddo sdn De thuc hien dugc nhiem vu dag va p h i vd lien ket cua ldp dat bam vag gdc va cu sin, it tdn that, may phai dap ung cac yeu cau ky thuat chu yeu sau: Phai dag dugc tgan bd ldp dat chua cu cua ludng sin ma khdng bi un tic; Tich cue p h i vd Uen ke't ldp dat - cu de cd the giam tdi da luc nhd sau dao, khdng biit cu khdi cudng, gay cu gay sdt v i hu hdng Khdng Iam rdi ciy sau dig de thuin Igi chg viec nhd va thu ggm bang tay tiep theg b Cdc logi mdu mdy ddo sdn tren the gi&i vd nudc ' ThS Vien Cg dien ndng nghiep va Cdng nghe sau thu hoach; ^ PGS TS Vien Co dien ndng nghiep va Cdng nghe sau thu hoach; ^ ThS Trudng Cag dang nghg Co ndng nghiep 20 Tren the gidi, viec eg gidi hga dag sin hien chu yeu dugc tie'n hanh bang cdng nghe thu hgach nhieu giai doan ket hgp thu cdng va eg gidi khiu dig NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 7/2009 KHOA HOC C N G NGHE cu Cic miy dig san dugc nghien ciiu va Ung dung chu yeu Ii bi cac miy dig cu khic chg ciy sin, phd bien li loai sau diy: May dao giii vai bo phan dao co dinh va sang lac; may dao giG vai bo phan dao co dinh va bang tai xich giu dat; miy dio nhd vdi bd phin dig cd dinh vi kep nhd bing dai ABCD vdi khiu dan AB (tay quay r) dugc ket cau bang cac sat trdn sgng sgng va cich khgang I Ggi X - AB _ r DC~~R' Khi miy Iim viec tay quay AB quay quanh tim A vdi van tdc gdc co, cdn sing DC dag ddng lie quanh Trgng cic may dig cu, nguyen ly Iam viec cd the tim D vdi van tdc gdc cOe- Ggi p Ii gdc quay cua sing chia Iam Igai: lac DC, dg frgng ket cau r nhd hgn rat nhieu sg vdi I Bo phdn ddo bi dgng: Cd ket ciu dgn gian, lim viec vi R, ta cd: chac chan, sgng kha nang phi vd lien ket dat cu kem, luc P = ^sinait => co^ = X,cocgsa)t can ldn Vdi gia thiet dig, ldp dat dag di chuyen Bg phdn ddo chU dgng: Lgai niy thudng la ludi digthinh ddng qua ludi dig vi sang dg luc day P cua Idp phang dag ddng hgac dang dia quay chu ddng Uu diem dat chua dugc dag d phia trudc ludi dig, vdi van tdc li giam dugc luc can, tang kha nang phi vd Uen ket dat bang van tdc miy V^ (hinh 1) cu Sgng cd kit cau phuc tap, ddi vdi lgai ludl dig dag Xet phan hi M cua ldp dat dag g fren mat sing ddng, de dam big dn dinh Iim viec can phai cin each tim D khgang p Phin hi M chiu tic dung cua bang quan tinh • cic luc: Bo phdn ddo phdi hgp: Dig ket hgp giiia ludi dag cd P: Luc day cua ldp dat chua dag phia trudc; P,: dinh vdi bd phan chu ddng nhu sing lac, true rang Luc quan tinh tiep tuyen; Pj: Luc quin tinh ly tim; F: khd Uu diim Ii vira dam big ludi dag lam viec chac Luc ma sit; G: Trgng lugng cua dat; N: Phin luc chan vira tang cudng nang phi vd Uen ket dat cu phip tuyen O Viet Nam, trudc diy chi cd khga Cg dien Trgng dd: budng DH Ndng nghiep (giai dgan 1973 -1977) da Pt = A m pco^sincot (3.1) nghien cuu cii tien miy dig khgai tiy KTH - (cua Lien Xd cu) theg nguyen ly dig cu vi giu dat bing P, = ^2 m pco^cgs^cot ( 3.2) bang tii xich de dig khgai lang vi sin Ddng thdi da nghien cuu miy dig sin DS - vdi bd phan dig co dinh vi sang lac de giu dat Miy dugc freg sau miy keg MTZ - 50 Ludi dig gdm ba ludi vdi be rdng Iam viec cua miy Ii 105 cm, b dieu kien san frdng dugc cay bua, len ludng cd khgang cich 120 - 130 cm [1], [2], [3] c Lua chgn nguyen ly, kei cdu mdy ddo sdn Tdng quan ve cic lgai miy dig sin frgng vi nggai nudc, cung nhu fren eg sd phin tich cic nghien ciiu trudc diy ve miy dig san chg thay bd phan phdi hgp sang lac cd ket cau don giin, lim viec chac chin, cd kha nang dig siu (dig het Idp dat chua cu) Sing lie nggii tic dung phi vd Uen ket ldp dat cu cdn cd the ning gdc cu len cag frgng qui frmh di chuyen cua ldp dat cu qua sing lac Vi viy de tii da lua chgn nguyen ly cua miy dig san DS - vdi bd phin dig phdi hgp giua ludi dig cd dinh vdi sang lac Trgng bd phin dig, sing lac la bi din DC (R) cua eg cau khiu khdp ban le Hinh So dd luc tic ddng l6n 16p dit dio tr6n sing Cic luc quan tinh P, vi P, mat sing tic ddng vig phan tii dat anh hudng tdi qua frinh phi vd Uen ket dat vi di chuyen cua ldp dat fren mat sang Pt dat cue dai sing tdi vi fri fren cung (cot = 90°), ldp dat se rdi khdi mat sang, roi tu xudng va dip vio mat NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 7/2009 21 KHOA HOC CbNG NGHE J sang sing quay len Luc va dap niy cd tic dung phi vd Uen ket dat - qui, ddng thdi vdi qui frinh dd nhfing phan tii dat nhd Igt qua khe cic sing roi xudng day ludng Do viy, sing lac ngoai tic ddng pha vd lien ke't, cdn cd tic dting phin ly dat, lim giam be day ldp dat dig vi ning gdc cu len cao Chiiu ddi luoi ddo L Lien quan tdi chieu cag nang ldp dat dag vi luc can keg Vdi bd phan dig ket hgp vdi sing rung, can dam bag chieu cag mep cugi cua ludi dao H (chilu cag nang), du de cd tiie lap dat sing rung phdi hgp phia sau vi ban chd chieu dii L Tu dieu kien da chgn L = 300mm Tu phin tich fren diy, viec ltia chgn bd phan dag ket hgp ludi dag phang vdi sang rung la thich hgp vdi yeu cau ky thuat cua miy dig san Gdc nghieng canh sdc luoi ddo y: Ket qua nghiSn Cliu ve gdc nghieng canh sac y de xic dinh dieu kien frinh un, tic trudc ludi dao la: y < %/2 - cp Vdi kieu bd phin dag da chgn, so dd nguyen ly cau tag cua may dag sin dugc thiet ke nhu sau (hmh 2) Trong cp li gdc ma sit trugt giua thin, rl cay vdi canh ludi dig Cic ket qui thuc nghiem trudc day da xic dinh cp = 44 ^ 45° De dam bag dieu kien niy, di chgn y = 40° Be rgng cHa luoi ddo b: Be rdng vi sd ludi dag dugc xic dinh tU be rdng bd phan dig B, chieu dai ludi dag L, gdc nghieng canh sic y De dag ludng san hang vdi cac thdng sd da chgn da xic dinh dugc sd ludi dig 3, be rdng mdi ludi b = 300 mm b Cdc thong sd chinh ciia sdng ldc Chieu dii sing L^, khgang each giua cac K, bien dd dag ddng A vi tin sd dag ddng T vdi gdc nghieng cua sing /3 Htnh So dd nguyfin ly miy dio sin Tham khag cic ket qua nghien ciiu miy dag san 1- Khung may - Dao dia va banh tua ddng - Luoi dao - Sang mng - Tay bifen 6- Co cau cam lac - DS - vdi gdc nghieng fi = 15°, bien dd dag ddng Hop sd A =120 mm Lua chpn vi xic djnh cic thdng sd chinh ciia Cic thdng sd cdn lai: Tin sd dag ddng T va khe miy dio sin hg giua cic sing dugc nghien ciiu thtre a Cdc thdng sd cua luoi ddo nghiem de lua chgn Goc nghieng a: Lien quan tdi lire can keg vi nang Iam toi vd dat cua ludi dao a tang thi luc can keo va kha nang Iam toi vd dat cung tang Cic ke't qua nghien ciiu da xac dinh gidi ban hgp ly cua gdc a frgng cac miy thu hgach cay cd cu Ii 15 -^ 20° [3], [4] Trgng thiet ke de tai da chgn a = 15" Hinh Miy dio sin thi nghiem Hinh Sa dd ciu tao ludi dio cua miy dio sin Bi rong B: Dugc xic dinh fren eg sd be rdng cua ludng san de dam bag khdng dag sdt cu Cic ke't qua khie sit dac diem ky thuat canh tic chg thay be rdng phan bd cu theg ludng li 60 - 80 cm [5] De dam bag dag khdng sdt chgn B = 90 cm 22 K^t qui nghidn ciiu thuc nghiem mOt sd thdng sd chinh ciia miy dio sin Nghien cthi dugc thuc hien vdi gidng sin KM 94, dat set thit cd am cao fren 30% Muc tieu chu yeu cua thu nghiem li xic dinh anh hudng cua van tdc may, chieu dai sang lac, khgang each sing, tin sd dag ddng sang vdi cic muc: V^ = 0,8 - NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 7, '«09 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Bing Kit qui xic dinh inh hudng cua K (vdi T=400) m/s; L3 = 200 - 400 mm; K = 30 - 150 mm; T = 200 600 Ian/phut Ket qua chg thay: TT Van tdc ldm viec cua mdy keo: Van td'c may cang tang thi kha nang ihgit dat fren sang cing dugc cii thien va van tdc phu hgp nhatfrgngkhgang 1,2 -1,4 m/s Chiiu ddi sdng L; Khi chieu dai sang 250 mm thi kha nang phin ly vi thgit tii fren mat sing, cung nhu chat lugng cu sau may dig di qua, da dam bag dugc yeu ciu ky thuat Tren co sd dd da chgn cd dinh thdng sd chilu dai sang L^ = 250 mm vi van tdc miy V^ = 1,3 m/s (sd 3) de tien hanh nghien ciiu thuc nghiem anh hudng cua tan sd dag ddng sing T Qan/phut) va khe hd giua cic sing K (mm) Ket qua xic dinh inh hudng cua tan sd dag ddng sing T (ung vdi khging cich khe hd sing d mUc trung gian K = 90 mm) thi hien frgng bing B ^ K^t qui xic dinh Snh hudng cua t ^ sd dao ddn£rT (ling vdi EC=90mm) TT T (Lan/phiit) 200 300 400 500 600 Luc nho cay Pn (kg) 16,2 14,8 13,6 11,5 8,3 Tyle dat bamTd (%) 56,3 44,2 38,5 31,1 24,6 Ty le cu sdtTs (%) 1,02 1,05 1,12 1,35 2,63 Ket qua fren chg thay tang T thi luc nhd cue dai trung binh Pn vi ty le dat bam theg cu deu giam nhanh dg tic ddng cua sing tic ddng vig Idp dat chua cu, Iim phi vd Uen kit giua dat va cu, phin ly mdt phin ldn dat qua khe sang Cu san di chuyen theg ldp dat da dugc sing lim ndi sg bd Ien fren Tuy nhien trudng hgp T > 500 ty Ie cu sdt tang Tu ket qua fren de tii da chgn T = 400 ting vdi van tdc miy V^ = 1,3 m/s de tiep tuc thuc nghiem xac dinh anh hudng cua khe hd sang K vi ket qua gidi thieu frgng bang Ket qui chg thay, vdi T = 400 va cic thay ddi khe hd sang khac thi ty le dat bam vag chum cu giam, khe hd tang lam he sd phan ly cua dat fren sang tang theg Tuy nhien dg khe hd tang lam eac chum cu di chuyen fren mat sang cd hien tugng mac vig sang, dudi tic ddng day cudng buc cua ldp dat lam ty Ie gay cu tang Che dd thich hgp cua K = 120tiiity le cu Ts = 1,26% K (mm) 30 60 90 120 150 Luc nhd cay Pn(kg) 15,2 12,6 9,7 7,4 7,2 Ty le dat bam Td (%) 41,3 37,8 28,5 21,3 17,1 Ty le cu sot Ts (%) 0,82 0,97 1,17 1,26 2,15 Tu kit qua nghien ctiu thuc nghiem da xic dinh dugc: Tan sd dag ddng T = 400 lin/phut; khe hd sing K = 120 mm; chieu dai sang = 250 mm Vdi cic tiidng sd fren cd the dat ty le cu sdt < 0,2%, luc nhd ciy sau dag < kg, ty le dat bam < 22% va miy cd nang suit thuan 0,5 ha/h hgan tgan dip ting dugc yeu ciu dat Han che chu yeu cua miy la khdng Iam viec tdt frgng diiu kien rudng cd dd am va mat dd cd dai qui cag KFTLUAN Da lira chgn dugc nguyen ly cua may dag san kilu bd phin dig ludi phang cd dinh phdi hgp vdi sang rung Da xac dinh dugc cac thdng sd chinh cua may gem: - Ludi dig phang: ludi dang tam giic, bl rdng B = 900 mm, chieu dai L = 300 mm, gdc nghieng ludi dag a = 15° va gdc nghieng canh sac y = 40° - Sang rung: Chieu dai L = 250 mm, khe hd giua cac tiianh sang K = 120 mm Miu miy dig san da dat dugc cac chi tieu ky thuat dat ra: Nang suit: 0,4 - 0,5 (ha/h); ty Ie cu sdt: < 1,5 %; giam chi phi sg vdi phugng phip thu cdng: > 30% Miy cdn ban che li lim viec khdng hieu qua frgng diiu kien dat cd dd am cag (> 35%) va cd dai nhieu (mat dd > 1,5 kg/m^ dg hay bi un TAI UEU THAM KHAO (1) Tran DUc Dung Kit qua budc dau nghien ctiu thiet ke may dao sin DS - - Bag cag khga hgc ky thuat NN - Trudng Dai hgc Ndng nghiep 1-1978 (2) Tran Due Dung Xac dinh cac thdng sd eg cau dag may thu hgach khgai tiy va sin frgng dieu kien Viet Nam - Luan an PTS khga hgc ky thuat Minsk -1983 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 7/2009 23 KHOA HOC CONG N G H £ (3) Nguyin Dgan Nhg, Tran Thi Nhi Hudng, Ding The Huy, Pham Van Td, Tran DUc Dung, Nhiing kit qua budc dau ve nghien ciiu may dag cu (5) Nguyin Dien, Nguyin Dang Than Dac diem dia hmh vi tinh chit eg ly cua dat ndng nghiep Viet Nam - NXB Ndng nghiep 1984 DC - - Big cag khga hgc ky thuat NN - Trudng Dai hgc Ndng nghiep 1-1978 (g) Q CBgsgi, O V Vemhiaifev, 1 SmUngp, E G Suntan-Xac Ly thuyet, cau tag va tinh tgin may (4) Pham Van Td Nghien ctiu mdt sd bd phan lim viec tich cue fren miy dag cu- Tdm tat luin an PTS khga hgc-ky thuat -1995 ndng nghiep Nhi Xuat ban Che tag miy Mgscgw 1978 THE SPECmCATION OF PRINCIPLE AND MAIN PARAMETER'S OF CASSAVA DIG MACHINE CONJUGATING w r r a PULL - MACHINE 5(V80HP Vu Duy Dung, Tran Due Dung, Le Due Quang, Phan Traong Giang Stunmary The specification of principle and main parameter's is very important to design out manufacture the cassva dig - machine conjugating with pull - machine Thus, the objective of this study was to make the principle choice of cassava dig - machine having dig - component with level blade combining with shaking screen The main parameter's of dig - machine includes three triangular level dig blade having the width B = 900 mm, longth L = 300 mm, declination of dig blade a = 15° and declination of sharp edge y = 40° The shaking screen haves longth L = 250 mm, slit between the screen bars K = 120 mm The machine designing on these parameter's have technical standards: productivity 0.4 -0.5 ha/h, ratio of remain tuber 35%) and a lot of weeds (density > 1.5kg/m0 Keywords: Fixed leved dig blade, shaking screen, cassava dig - machine conjugating with pull machine Ngudi phin bi^n: PGS TSKH Phan TTianh Tjnh 24 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 7/7 >09 ... miy dig sin DS - vdi bd phan dig co dinh vi sang lac de giu dat Miy dugc freg sau miy keg MTZ - 50 Ludi dig gdm ba ludi vdi be rdng Iam viec cua miy Ii 105 cm, b dieu kien san frdng dugc cay bua,... HOC CONG NGHE Bing Kit qui xic dinh inh hudng cua K (vdi T=400) m/s; L3 = 200 - 400 mm; K = 30 - 150 mm; T = 200 600 Ian/phut Ket qua chg thay: TT Van tdc ldm viec cua mdy keo: Van td''c may cang... cii thien va van tdc phu hgp nhatfrgngkhgang 1,2 -1,4 m/s Chiiu ddi sdng L; Khi chieu dai sang 250 mm thi kha nang phin ly vi thgit tii fren mat sing, cung nhu chat lugng cu sau may dig di qua,
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