KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO UNC DUNG SANG TRONG S DO NGHIEN ThS Gidi thi^u Nghiln Id qud trinh giam kich thudc hgt qudng nhdm giai ph6ng ede khodng vdt e6 ich vd ehuln bj lieu cho ede qud trinh tuyln Mdc du dd ed nhung bude tiln mgnh me thilt k l cdc mdy nghiln v l kich thudc, cong suit vd tuli thp nhung so d l nghiln vln gan nhu khdng thay dli Trong thyc t l tuyln qugng thi gidi cd bin phuang dn sa d l nghiln ca ban: •:• Mdy nghiln d l nghiln thd Idm vi$c vdng hd vd may nghiln bi d l nghiln mjn Idm viec v6ng kin d giai dogn hai; •:• Nghiln ca hai giai dogn bdng may nghiln bi lam viec vdng kin; •:• Nghiln mpt giai dogn bdng mdy nghiln bi lam viec v6ng kin; • May nghiln bdn tu nghien d giai dogn mpt vd mdy nghiln bi d giai dogn II Idm viec vdng kin Thuc tiln cho thly cdc may nghiln hogt dpng it hieu qua va tieu thy lugng dien rlt Idn, ude tinh 10-20 kwh/t vat lieu nghiln, xdc suit va dgp giua vat nghiln va vdt lieu nghien khong cao qud trinh nghiln van tilp dien vdi nhung hgt da dgt cd hgt yeu clu vdy chung phai dugc dua khdi mdy nghiln cdng nhanh cdng t i t O l giam thilu cae hieu ung tieu cue cua qud trinh nghiln, cdc may phan d p dugc su dyng phi biln d l giam thilu tgo mun va ndng cao ndng suit nghiln dd hinh thdnh cdc sa d l nghiln khdc Trong thuc t l tuyln khodng, cdc mdy phdn d p dugc su dung rlt rpng rdi cdc so d l nghiln nhdm myc dich ho trg cdc mdy nghiln vd kilm soat san phlm nghiln Tu bdng tram ndm thilt k l sg d l nghiln thi cdc mdy phdn d p nhu rupt xoln hoac xiel6n dugc coi Id lua chpn tit ylu Cac logi may phdn d p eg ban bao gIm mdy phan elp thuy luc cd ung dung hgn chl, mdy phdn d p rupt xoln vdi ung dyng dang giam dan sy cing kinh muc dp mdi mdn cao, ndng suit ban chl, hieu qua phdn d p thlp va phi biln hgn ca Id may phdn d p xicldn Xicldn dugc phdt triln tO CONG NGHIEP MO SO - 2 NGpC PHU, KS PHAM THANH Trwdng D^l hgc Md-Dja chit NGUYIN HAI nhdng ndm 1940 vd tu dlu dd thay thi toSn bd cdc mdy phdn d p ruOt xoln giai (Jo?n nahiln mjn vd dang dan thay t h i todn bO cac phSn cap ruOt xodn cdc xudng tuyln hi$n d^i, Xicldn cd ndng suit cao khdng cd bd phdn cliuyin ddng, cd t h i phdn d p thd cung nhu mjn, de tiiich ung vdi thay d l i cua d l u vdo Nhugc dilm Idn nhlt cua xicldn Id ddi hdi cdc bam cdt cdng su§t Idn vd tic dO mdn Idn Nhin Chung cdc mdy phdn d p cd cdc uu diem noi trOi vd rd rdng nhu d u tgo don gian, nang suSt cao, chi phi dlu tu vd chi phi san xult tuong doi thlp Mdy phdn d p cd t h i Idm vi^c vdi bCin tir kfia tho tdi rlt mjn vdi hdm lugng pha rdn cao Tuy nhidn cdc mdy phdn d p cd nhung nhugc dilm sau: (1) mdy phdn d p khdng chi phdn chia theo ca hgt md cdn theo ti trgng Do vdy cdc hgt khoang ndng ban cd xu t h i di vao san pham eat va quay Igi may nghiln dan tdi qud nghiln He qua la dan tdi mIt mdt lugng Idn cdc khodng vgt cd ich dual dgng mijn vd gdy khd khdn cho qud trinh khi) nude (2) biJn trdn cua may phdn d p thudng co lodng cao gdy khd khdn cho cdc qua trinh tuyln tilp theo (3) Hi$u suit phdn d p thlp nen cln tai trpng tuIn hodn cao d l giam thdi gian luu cue san phlm mdy nghiln DCi da c6 gdng hoan thien cdng ngh$ thi cdc xicldn phdn d p cung khong cho hidu suit vugt qud 60 % Igi tgo tai tuIn hodn l§n tdi 200-^300 % nhilu tdi 500 % H$ qua Id t h i tich mdy nghiln Idn lugng vat liew phdn d p tdng I6n rd r^t tdng lugng dien tieu thu Nhung nhugc dilm tren cd t h i khdc phuc dum nlu nhu si> dyng sdng cdc so d l nghiin Tr§n thyc t l thi sdng dd dugc ung dyng sc nghien tu khd Idu vi dy: sdng cung so di nghien qudng chua cdc khoang vdt nang sant phdng 6k Igc cgn, sgn va sgi thyc vat lan tron| qudng Cho tdi khdng cd nhilu nghien cCfudf cdp tdi kha ndng ung dung sang sa di nghiln d l thay t h i cdc mdy phdn d p Tuy ring u'l dilm cua sdng so vdi mdy phdn d p da dugc di KHOAHOCVACONGNGH£M6 3P tu lau nhung cung ehi g i n day ngudi ta mdi I cap d i n kha ndng thay t h i may phdn d p bdng ang cae sa d l nghiln vdng kin Viec thay t h i cdc may phdn d p bdng mdy sdng ong sa d l nghien x u l t phdt t u nhung ludn d i l m hinh sau: (1) Qud trinh sdng phdn chia vdt Ii0u chl leo ed hgt va khdng phy thuOe vdo khIi lugng eng eua cac hgt qugng (2) Higu s u i t sdng c6 t h i at gia tri r l t cao, vi dy 80-^90 % (3) Cdng ngh$ h i tgo sang vd mat ludi sdng thay d l i nhanh hong cho phep co t h i ed nhung thilt k l t l i uu vd hu hgp (4) Nhung nhugc d i l m ca ban cua mdy ban e l p chinh la cac d i l u kien tien quylt d l dua ang vao su dyng nhdm myc dich cai thi^n hi^u ua sa d l nghiln vd c h i t lugng qud trinh giai hong (5) Qua trinh nghiln ed chi phi cao vd anh udng Idn tdi cac qud trinh sau vgy mpi ca hpi idng cao hieu qua cua qud trinh nghiln c l n phai luge xem xet ky ludng (6) V i n d l Idn nhlt eua |ua trinh nghiln Id qud nghiln vd he qua Id m I t nat tuyln, chi phi thulc tuyln tdng cao vd sy ;h6 khan qud trinh khu nude biJn qudng mjn Mot nghien c u u v l kha nang u n g dung lang so* dd n g h i l n Nam 1925 E W Davis da lam cdc thi nghidm ;o sanh kha ndng su dung sdng va phdn d p rupt :odn sa nghiln vdng kin va da cd k i t luan ang so vdi su dyng phdn d p rupt xodn Idm mdy )han elp, sang c h i n ddng cho phep dgt nang s u i t ighiln cao han va giam rd ret hien tugng qua ighiln Tuy nhien quan niem p h i biln dd Id >ang chin dpng khong cd hieu qua kinh t l so vdi phdn elp Nam 1945, E Reed Albert nghien cuu vd cho I n g ehi phi nghiln ed t h i giam n l u su dyng sdng am thilt bj phan d p [3] Tuy nhien sy phdt triln nanh me eua xicldn thdi gian dd lam lu md cdc ighien cuu Nam 1968 Hukki vd Allenius tiln hdnh nghien cuu la cho ring d l ndng cao ndng suit vd giam chi phi lang lugng nghiln thi chia khda la phai ndng cao tinh ;hinh xac eua qud trinh phdn d p tuc Id higu suit 3han elp [5, 6] Dk ndng cao hieu suit nghiln vd jiam qua nghiln thi chi ed sang mdi dap ung dugc /eu c l u Cae hgn c h l v l c l u tgo, gid thdnh che ao va ehi phi van hanh sang dd da khdng cho )hep sang dugc coi Id thilt bj phdn elp kinh t l Khi Jo chl ed sang chin dpng ed t i n s l thlp vdy sang :hua chung to dugc uu t h i eua minh Tuy vdy sang cung ed nhung nhugc d i l m ca )an phan chia vgt lieu mjn la ndng s u i t rieng hip, ehi phi san x u l t cao, dge biet la chi phi ludi ;ang, t i e ludi sang la hien tugng thudng xuyen, ddc biet nghiem trpng vdi ede logi sdng tinh va sdng cd t i n s l c h i n dpng t h l p Su phat triln mgnh me cua KHCN, dd phai k l tdi cac tiln bp ddng k l c h l tgo thilt bj cdng nghiep da cho phdp khdc phyc cdc nhugc diem tren khd de dang bdng vi0e su dyng cdc logi sdng c6 tan s l cao Mgt sd logi sdng cd kha nang SCP dung so> dd n g h i l n Sdng Hukki Id mOt logi sdng lai tgp giua sang vd mdy phdn d p cho phdp cd hi^u suit phdn d p cao han [10] Sdng c h i n dOng dien tu vd sdng cOng hudng didn t u cd t i n s l tu 2500^3600 v/ph cd t h i tde dyng trye t i l p len mat ludi Nhd c h i n dOng cao t i n giam thilu hi^n tugng bjt mdt ludi va lam tdng hi^u s u i t sdng Sdng cpng hudng dien tu cd c l u tgo dan gian, khdng cdn ddng ca dien, true quay vd dai truyen, cho phep de dilu chinh bien dp dao dOng cua sang T i n s l dao dpng cao cho phep sdng dugc cdc vdt ligu r l t mjn, it t i e sang Day la logi sdng ed nhilu t i l m nang nhung kh6 khan Idn nhlt Id tinh khong tieu ehuln eua ede ca d u c h i n ddng dign tu cung nhu d n phai ed cac 16 xo dac biet cd t u l i thp cao Easy acoo^e t>«twe*-i d9cks Untterjfc^Q COleCt«on p-^no unckv f>aoh Cd » c « « ^ (>»ckrft UrKlorstza O^s>mzo H.I Sang Hukki H.2 Sing cdng hudng dien tw Sang Pansep cd nguyen tde hogt ddng gilng nhu bdng tai d u tgo t d nhCfng tam ludi kich thudc lo tu 45H-600 pm Sdng cd ndng suit cao cd t h i phdn CONGNGHIIPMOS02-2012 KHOA HQC VA C O N G N G H | MO CNM elp ea cac ludi d tren vd ludi dudi sdng Sdng ndy t l i da cOa sdng TCiy theo ydu d u ndng suit mS ci CO thi dugc su dyng d l tdeh cdc hgt th6 bun t h i su dyng td 24-5 ludi sdng Ludi s^nj tran eua may phdn cdp so d l nghiln vd thu hIi polyurethane cd tuli thg cao tu thdng tdi Inam ludi cd kich thudc l6 ludi 6,3 mm tdi 75 pm, va he than CO dp tro thlp tu xicl6n khu mun [11] Sang Derrick elp lidu da dilm la sdng chin s l di$n tich hdu ich tu 3U45 % Ludi eo^thldu'ac dong quy dao thing e6 cao tin tu 1800 v/ph nhu ghdp tu hai phln vd giua chung ed thi trang b\ sang L48-96MS-3 va tdi 3600-vph nhu sdng K48- thIm hd thing khuly dao bun bdng tia nude m 96MS-3 Dge dilm rieng bidt eua logi sdng ndy Id nhdm tdeh hi$u qua hgt mjn khdi hgt qud cd he thing d p lipu da dilm cho phdp ndng cao hi^u suit tach cae elp bun vd nude Nhd d u tgo dac biet ma sang c6 cac uu dilm nli trdi rihu kit d u ehde chin vd dp bin cao, giam thilu tie ludi, hieu suit sang cao tdi 90 % hode ban, mdi mdn mat ludi thlp su dyng ludi polyurethane, ehi phi dipn thap, d l dang bao dudng, sua chua vd hieu qua kinh t l khd In tugng H.4 Sing Demck Stack Sizer H.3 Sa dd nguyen tic sing Pansep Tic dd d p lidu dugc coi Id mpt cac ylu Ic quan trpng nhlt doi vdi sang vdt li^u mjn Cap liei Sang Derrick Stack Sizer™ Id sang chin dpng cao tin dugc su dung khd nhilu gin ddy cdc qud muc se din din hi^u suit thap vd qua nghi^li xudng tuyln khodng tren t h i gidi, khoang 200 dilu tit ylu Do vdy tic dp d p lidu phai tli uu va hi?! sang [2] Day e6 t h i coi Id xu t h i chip nhgn su dugc khuyin nghj xdc dinh bdng nghien m dung sang chin dpng cao tin tuyln khodng thyc nghigm dieu kign cdng nghigp Day cungli nhugc dilm hidn tgi cua cac sdng sieu mjn chifi n6i Chung va sa nghiln ndi rieng Sang c6 ludi vdi dilm elp li^u rpng 1,2 m vd cd du ca sd du lidu nghidn cuu thyc tl.^ Cac ed ludi sang 1,5 m vd hlu hit cdc trudng qudng mjn di qua ludi nhd nude vgn chuyin va hgp cac ludi sang dugc trang bj gilng dd mdt dd bun d p lidu ddng vai trd quan Irons dam bao ed hgt eua san phlm dudi ludi Tuy Thyc nghidm cho thly bun qudng cd hdm lugng phi nhien cung co thi su dyng l5 ludi sdng khdc rdn tu 15^20 % theo t h i tich Id thich hgp nhlt Hie nlu cln phdn chia nhilu d p hgt Mli sdng suit tdeh cdc hgt mjn khdng phy thupe nhilu vao dugc trang bj hai mdtg chin dpng eg didn cao tin trpng cua cdc hgt qudng vd ddy Id ddc dilm vu'^tfi tao cae chin dpng deu vdi bidn dO nhd dli cua sdng so vdi mdy phdn d p Ddi cung co tti vdi toan bp cac ludi sang Moi mdta cdng suit su dyng bun loang hgn vdi ham lugng pha rln 10^1 kW, hoan toan kin vd khdng cd bp phgn chuyin % theo thi tich d l ndng cao higu suit sang Nhdng thay doi eg ban thay t h i xiclon ban dpng hoac b6i tron ben ngodi Chin dpng quy dgo thing dugc tgo hai mdtg gilng quay sdng sg d l vdng kin Id: tdng nan|siii ngugc chilu cho phep ndng cao ndng suit vd hi$u nghien, giam tai trgng tudn hoan nen c6 thi tan suit eua sang Chin ddng quy dgo thing nhanh d p li$u d l u vdo vd ndng suit nghiln noi chun! chong va hieu qua dua vdt ligu tren cd khoi ludi giam chi phi vdt nghiln giam chi phi nang W sang va vay Idm tdng dien tich ludi cho d p lieu nghiln tren t i n san phlm nghiln giam s y f mdi Chl dp chin dpng dugc tinh todn vd chi djnh nghiln cdc khodng vgt cd ich giai phing khoir tung trudng hgp cy t h i nhdm dgt hi$u qua vdt cd Ich t i t hgn giam chi phi thudc tuylnl g'^ CONG NGHIEP MO SO - 2 KHOA HOC VA C O N G 3U thu dien e6 t h i elp li^u ty chay vdo sdng la kh6ng cln cac may bam elp lieu dp lye cao, ing thu hoi khoang vat co ich, de khu nude san him tinh va du6i thai, giam chi phi san xult chung cae e6ng dogn tilp theo d l dang ban, ndng udt cap han, kilm soat tit ban cd hgt Idn an phlm nghiln culi cung cdc hgt ed xu l l bi mIt vao du6i thai (hgt cd d > 0,2 mm) vd iam nhiem moi trudng [3, 4] Mot sd k i t qua ung dung thuc t l cua sang 'ong SO" dd nghiln Tai mo quang dong Cia Minera Condestable, lam My [7] thay t h i xicldn bdng sdng cao tin )errick Stack Sizer cho phep tdng ndng suit uang dlu 34 % tu 171 t/h Idn 222 t/h, giam tai ong tuIn hodn tu 204 % xudng cdn 96 % vd tdng leu suit phan elp tu 63 % len 85 % San phlm ghiln ed kich thudc ddng dlu ban so vdi ighiln kin vdi xicldn Sdng Stack Sizer hogt dpng flu dan, khdng gap trye trgc Kilm sodt hdm j-gng pha rdn d p lieu vdo sdng dugc coi Id long s l quan trpng nhlt Theo bdo cdo thi thdi lan khIu hao vln eh? la 1,4 thdng Kit qua tai xudng tuyln chi kem El Broeal, Peru ho thly e6 thi tdng ddng k l nang suit, tdng thu ill kim logi va giam tieu hao nang lugng nghiln vd lieu qua phan d p tit ban Trude dd xudng tuyln :l Broeal su dyng mdy nghiln thanh, mdy ighiln bi lam viec vdng kin vdi tai trpng tuIn loan cao tdi 400 % Khodng vdt cd ich ndng ban fa tgp nen cd xu t h i di vdo cdt 6k quay Igi may ighiln vdy hdm lugng chi cdt tdng tdi 15 'o eua quang dlu chl khoang 2,4 % Tgo nun qua muc vd mIt mat khoang san qud rinh tuyln ndi la vln d l ndi com Sang dugc coi Id |iai phap lya chpn tdi uu 6k thay t h i xicldn Sau hi thay thi xicldn blng hai sdng chin ddng cao In ludi vdi kich thudc lo ludi 230 pm, El Broeal ang nang suit xudng tdng 10 %, thyc thu ehi tdng % va tai trpng tudn hoan chua it ban % ehi tuc thlp han so vdi qugng dlu Do tai trpng tuIn loan thlp, chl la 97 % nen khdng cln van hdnh nghiln nlu ndng suit qudng dlu khdng dli /hi phi thulc tuyln giam rd ret vd vln dlu tu dy in khIu hao hit vdng tuln Tilp dd El Broeal quylt djnh tdng cdng suit luang dlu tu 138 t/h len 245 t/h vd Idp dgt them ang, ting cdng Id sdng Nang suit theo qudng l u tang 75 % nhung ting ehi phi dien cua xudng l i p han so vdi dung xicldn phdn d p Tai trgng j l n hoan dugc giu d muc 60 % va hdm lugng lun d p lieu vdo may tuyln ndi giam tu 18 % uong cdn 10 % vdy lam tang ddng k l thyc thu N G H I MO CNM kim logi Khi dd hai mdy nghien bi giai dogn hai dugc dua vdo su dyng 6k ddp ung nang suit nghiln yeu clu Do so lugng mdy nghiln khdng thay dli ndn tic dO quay eua mdy nghiln dugc tdng Idn d l tdng ndng suit nghiln Kit qua dp dyng sdng cao tin sa d l nghiln tgi OJSC KMAruda, Lidn bang Nga, cung cho mdt s l kit qua kha quan [8] xudng sa d l nghiln giai dogn gIm hai mdy nghiln bi lam vi0e song song sa d l v6ng kin vdi may phan d p ruOt xodn vd hai mdy nghiln bi giai dogn II lam vide vdng kin vdi xiclon dugc thilt k l tu dlu Sau dd hai sdng cao tan lo ludi 0,1mm dugc lip ddt d l thay thi xicldn phdn d p day chuyin I cua xudng Tgi xudng tuyln eua Minera Cerro Lindo, Peru, tuyln qudng ding chi kem, theo thilt k l sa nghiln gom mdy nghiln bi lam vi?c v6ng kin vdi xicldn dudng kinh 650 mm vd tai trpng tuln hodn 260 % dugc su dyng Sau d6 sang chin dpng cao tin l6 ludi 0,23 vd 0.18 mm lip dgt thay thi ede xicldn vdy tai trpng tuln hoan giam xulng c6n 108 %, ndng suit tang 14 % va kich thudc danh djnh san phlm nghiln tang tu d80=141 pm len thdnh d80=160 pm K i t luan • Nghiln Id qud trinh tieu thu dien nang Idn nhlt xudng tuyln nen Id chia kh6a 6k tuyln hieu qua So d l nghiln vd thilt bj su dung cln dugc quan tdm nhilu ban • Quan niem truyin thing eua cae nhd san xult vd cdc nha thilt k l v l viec su dung thilt bj phdn d p ddc bidt Id xicldn sa d l nghiln vdng kin cln phai nhin nhan Igi • Nhugc dilm eg ban eua mdy phdn d p Id phdn d p ca theo ti trpng dan tdi hidn tugng qua nghiln, ddc bidt Id ede khoang vdt ndng Tai trpng tuln hodn cao, 200-5-300 %, Idm tang dang k l thi tich may nghiln, tang chi phi su dyng dien khdu nghiln • Thyc t l su dyng sdng chin dpng cao tin so nghiln vdng kin cho thly e6 nhilu uu dilm nhu tdng higu suit phdn elp, giam qud nghiln, giam tai trpng tuln hodn, giam tieu thu dien, tdng nang suit khdu nghiln, tgo dilu kien thuan Igi cho cdc khdu sau vd hieu qua chung Id giam ehi phi san x u l t • Dp mjn nghiln tdi uu cd thi se thay dli nlu su dyng sdng thay t h i mdy phdn d p sa dd nghiln Cd t h i giai phdng khodng vgt cd ich tdt ban khdng d n phai nghiln qud mjn hoac cd t h i nghien mjn ban md khdng sg tgo mun qud muc dan tdi thu hIi khodng vgt cd Ich cao hon CONG NGHIEP MO SO - 2 CNM KHOA HOC VACONG NGHE MO •:• c l n dlu tu nghien cuu kha ndng thay thi may phan d p sa d l nghiln vdng kin bdng cac sang, dge bidt Id sdng chin ddng cao tin cho cae dli tugng qudng chua cdc khodng vdt n$ng nhu qugng dong Sin QuyIn, qudng chi-kem Chg Diln, dli vdi qudng d l mun hda nhu qudng apatit Lao Cai n TAI LIEU THAM K H A O SUMMARY Traditional approach cf inindral i design is to incorporatB classifiers including classifiers and^or hydrocydones in grinding i Advantages of dassiliers are high capadly, lowq OQSIs and reiadvely sbudue simpfdiy HcMever, majpr inherent disadvanlages include lowefiide dassificalion not only by SGOB but also by density and I result oveigrinding is an oulstandhg issue, r— researches inb inoorporaticn of screens in £ circuits had shown oertain advantages of screens I conventional dsesiliers This paper is to look at opi^ortunity of ifiing screens, of h ^ fiequen^ sr~ in particular, giindhg draiis instead of oonve dassHiers Advantages of soeens over classifiers include high sofid oonlen of CNBTSBIB and mde products, norvoontamrated undersee products oversize pamoes nossoe oenens or cos replaoement by high (iequency screens may n d eojnomic gains at the oimnviulion stage