Lựa chọn xe chở rác có các thông số hợp lý theo tiêu chuẩn thời gian chu kỳ làm việc tối thiểu

NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO DOI > V LITA CHON XE CHCT RAC CO cAc THONG SO HOP LY THEO CHUAN THCyi GIAN CHU KY LAM VIEC TO! THIEU (NANG SUAT TOI £>A) CHOICE OF GARBAGE TRUCK WITH RATIONAL TECHNICAL PARAMETERS, FOUNDING ON MINIMUM WORKING PERIOD (MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY) TS Nguyen Danh Son Trudng Dai hgc Cdng nghiep TP Ho Chi Minh T6M TAT Nghien ciru, lua chgn xe chd rdc cd cdc thdng sd ky thudt hgp ly vdi muc dich gidm bdt cdc chi phi vi ndng lugng, vgt lieu vd sue lao dgng, ddp ung cdc yen cdu vi sinh mdi trudng Nghien cim ky ddc diem chu ky ldm viic cua xe cha rdc Hinh thdnh chudn dudi dgng cong Ihuc todn hgc ldm hdm muc tieu, tren ca sd cd the chgn mdy hgp ly nhdt Di xudt phuong phdp chgn xe chd rdc cd cdc thdng sd hgp ly, phii hgp vai diiu kien sir dung Tir khda: Xe cha rdc tdi uu hoa ABSTRACT Research of garbage truck choice with rational technical parameters for reduction of expenses of energy, material and labour force and satisfyies constraints of demand of environment sanitary Careful study of chracteristics of working period of garbage truck Determination of aim function inform of mathematical formula In this base a rational garbage truck can be choised Recommended method of garbage truck choice with rational technical parameters according to using conditions Keywords: Garbage truck; Optimization ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM, Sd nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CUfU-TRAOD(!)l ca ma cdng suit ciia nd cin dugc su dung mgt each cd hieu qua thuc hien tit ea cac nguyen Su thu gom va chd di cac phe thai sinh cong cua chu ky lam vi$c boat la mdt nguyen cdng ky thuat ve sinh quan trgng, duge thue hien bdi cac cdng ty dich vu Khi di gom thiing rac thi xe chd rac cdng cong ciia Viee su dung cae xe chuyen ddng vdi tdc tdi thilu Dl su dyng chd rae eo cac thdng sd ky thuat hgp ly, hoan toan cdng suat ddng ca va tang nang suit o thugc vao dieu kien sir dung la mgt nhirng giai doan nay, thi xe chd rac phai dugc ehit tai ngudn de giam bdt cac ehi phi ve nang lugng, nhieu hem neu cd the vat lieu va sire lao dgng Nguyen edng van chuyen di cua xe cho rac dugc thuc hien d tdc chuyin ddng Idn GIAI QUYET VAN DE nhat (theo quy pham an toan giao thong) Tai Viec lua ehgn xe chd rac cd cae thong sd mdt cdng suat khdng ddi cua dgng ca, thi su tang ky thuat, su dung dl thu gom va van chuyin rac nang suat se keo theo su giam khdi lugng hang di vdi mdt thdi gian tdi thilu duge tiln hanh theo van chuyen Nhiing mau thuan da chi cin dugc xet den cau tnic eua chuin mue tieu cac giai doan sau: l.DATVANDE Xe chd rae la mdt may ve sinh - sinli - Xac lap dac diem cua chu ky lam viec cua xe chd rae, mdt loai may lam viec theo thai, can thu gom va chd di cae phi thai nhirng quang thdi gian ngan nhit D I lam chuin chu ky tii uu hda trudng hgrp nay, thi hgp ly nen - Hinh chuan dudi dang cdng thuc sir dung nang suit cua xe chd rac Chi tieu n^y toan hgc lam ham muc tieu, tren ea sd dd eo thi cho phep chgn may dam bao giai phdng rac vai nang suit Idn nhit mdt khoang thdi gian chgn may hgp ly nhit ngan nhat cd the Trudng hgp dam bao vi^ - De xuit phuang phap chgn xe chd rac thu gom rac va dua di phii hgp vdi cac yeu ciu cd eae thdng sd hgp ly phii hgp vdi dilu kien sii ve sinh - sinh thai dung 2.2.Thanh ISp cong thirc tinh toan thdi gian 2.1 Dac diem chu ky lam viec ciia xe chd" rac chu ky lam vi^c cua xe chd rac - chuSn tk uu hda Xe chd rac la mdt loai may lam viec theo chu ky; Cong dung cua nd la thu gom cae phi thai sinh boat ehua thiing rae (kilu van chuyen cdng ten na), chit len thung xe va dua den noi su dung, xu ly hay dua din noi chuyin tai rac tmng gian, rdi trd vl vi tri ban diu Sau dd chu ky lam viec dugc lap lai Viec thu gom va chuyen chd di cac phi thai sinh boat la mdt nguyen eong ve sinh - sinh thai hgc quan trgng can dugc thuc hien khoang thdi gian ngin nhat cd the Thudng thi xe chd rac co mgt dgng Nang suit cua xe chd rac phu thugc vao dung tich hhih hgc V eua thung xe (m^) va th6i gian cua chu ky lam viec t^^^ (s) Nang suit dugc xac dinh theo edng thirc cila Giao su Caban [3]: ^600k^^Jc,^.V Trong do: V- Dung tich hinh hpc cua thing xe (m'); ISSN 0866-7056 • m^n TAPCHfcaKHiVl£TNAM,S63nam2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO DOI ^cht " ^ ? ^o chat tai thimg xe; \^ - He sd su dung xe chd rac theo thdi L gian; ^1-1- "^ ^^ ^ "^ ^vcAp '^^'P tj^^ - Tdng thdi gian cua mdt chu ky lam viec(s); ^ Tdng thdi gian ciia mdt chu ky lam viec xac dinh theo cdng thiic: ^'^^ '^ ? Khi bieu thi thdi gian eiia nguyen cong ( 2) chit tai {X^J, nguyen cong van chuyin va quay ve vi tri mdi (tvch) qua cac thong sd ky thuat, su dung ta dugc: ^ k " *cht •'' *ng "^ ^cd"'" *d "^ \tb '^\"'" ^chp ^^) Trong do: t^^j - Thdi gian chat tai ehinh ciia thimg xe; k, V £ ^ - Thai gian ngoam thung rac de dua ^ len thimg xe; t^^ - Thdi gian xe ca ddng tiep can thiing rac; t, - Thdi gian dich chuyen xe tu thiing rac den thimg rae khac; X^^^ - Thdi gian van chuyen xe den nai rac; t - Thdi gian quay xe ve vi tri ban dau; van chuyin Cong thirc (1) cd thi vilt dudi dang: (khi '•vch ~ ^q) 3600yt ^ k j.V Q —~ " ; ,111/11 Jc t -X- n t '^chtp-'-cht "^"-vcftp-'ve^ (3) Trong dd: k^^ cac nguyen k^^j^ cac nguyen - He sd tinh den thdi gian cua tit ca cdng phu chit tai (t^^^^, t^^, t^) - He sd tinh din thdi gian cua tat ca cdng phu dd tai va van chuyen Tri sd cua cac he sd k^^ , k^^,^ la cac trj so thuc nghiem dugc xae dinh theo cac cdng thuc m f ml + k-, N Trong dd: ' '^'"p' =1^'' "^ ' " s j^ = k vcy k dcirs ^^2 rii^-S)k,t„ K - 3600.k^^,.k ^, s/h y Dung tich hinh hgc cua thimg xe, m^ nijj^ - Khdi lugng rac mdt thiing rac chuyen diing, kg f- He sd can di chuyen cua xe chd rac I - Chieu dai van chuyen rac den noi ' "^ ' tai che hay den noi chuyen tai trung gian, m N- Cdng suat dgng ca ciia xe chd rac, W H^i^i- Chieu cao nang thung rac chit vao thung xe, m v^ - Tdc nang thung rac, m/s k^^^ - He so tinh den su dich chuyen cita xe chd rac co rac va djch chuyen Ithi quay v l khdng co rac g - gia tde rai tu do, g = 9,81 m/s^ r|- Hieu suat truyen ddng - He so trugt ^ ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHf CO KHI VIET NAM, S6 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO D I lai da chii thich d tren XAC DINH CAC THONG SO C O BAN HgfP LY CUA XE e n d RAC TUY T H E O DIEU KIEN SU' DUNG KHI CO HAM MUC TIEU T o i UU Su phan tich cdng thiic (4) cho thay rang nang suit cd cue dai gia tri eiia thdi gian ehu ky d miu sd cd cue tieu tai mdt gia tn xac dinh ciia khdi lugng thiing xe m ciia xe chd rac O xe chd rac cd mdt ddng co vdi cdng suat N Khi gom rac va chat tai 18n thung xe thi tde cua xe chd rac la nho nhat De sir dung cdng suat cua nd can phai chat tai tdi da, tire la SU giam then gian chat tai tcht dugc dam bao bang su tang khdi lugng m f '— Hmh 2: Suphu thudc ciia ndng sudt vdo khoi lugng thimg xe m vd chiiu ddi van chuyen Ivch N = 135 KW 1-1^^^ =5 km; -1^^= 10 km; 3-\^^=20km Gia tri tdi uu ciia khdi lugng dugc xac dinh bang each cho dao ham b3c nhat cua mlu sd d cdng thuc (4) bang 0: dm m N Sau vi phan ta cd: Khi chd rac di thi ngugc lai: Toe v ciia xe la toi da va de su dung cong suat ciia ddng CO ddi hdi giam khdi lugng m va tang tflc v Do thi ciia ham sd (4) cho thay su phu Tir bieu thiic ta xac dinh khdi lugng thugc eiia nang suat xe chd rac Q vao khoi lugrng m toi uu, tai dd nang suat se cd gia tri Idn nhat: cua thiing xe m va cong suat cua ddng ca N (khi ehieu dai van chuyen 1^^^ = km; k^^^ ^ 60) dugc eho tren hinh Tren dd thi d hinh cho thay su phu thudc cua nang suat Q vao khdi lugng m cua thiing xe va chiiu dai van chuyin I ^ ( N = K -w* A^ 135KW;k =60) nen: m = - ^ — - — , ,k m .N ,,, hay:/»,,,=(' ; y'\kg * • / -'vch Phan tich edng thiic (5) eho thiy rang, gia tri tdi uu cua khdi lugng thiing xe m^ ^ phu thudc vao mgt loat yiu tl Tri sd m tang len ciing vdi su tang cong Hinh I: Suphu thudc cua ndng sudt vdo khoi lugng thimg xe m vd cdng sudt dgng ca N vai chiiu ddi suat N va giam di cung vdi su tang chiiu dai van van chuyen Ivch =5 km.!-N = 60 KW; 2-N = 90 chuyen 1^^^ va he sd can di ehuyin xe f Ngoai ra, KW;3-N=135KW thdi gian tieu ton cho cac nguyen cdng phu ISSN 0866' 7056 TAP CHf CO KHf V I £ T NAM, S6 nam 2015 www.co k h i vietna m.vn NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO DOI chat tai kchtp cang Ion thi mopt cang Ion Viec quan trgng la phai giam hot thoi gian cho cac nguyen cong phu Tren ca sd cdng thiic (5) cd the thiet lap su phu thudc ham m = f ( l J v a N ^f(m ) opt ' vch' opi ^ oni' N KLi,->n,, ,W (8) Cac thdns so da duac ehu thich d tren i - i l i - i J - i.i I' Do tm phu thugc cua cong suat hgp ly Bay gid ta biln ddi edng thuc (5) dudi ^op ^ua dgng co xe vao khdi lugng tdi uu m^, (jgjjg cua thiing xe va chieu dai van chuyen 1^^,^ dugc the hien tren hinh k.N , (6) - / Trong do: y v.jt, ,gf (7) k^ - Ty so ciia khdi lugng thung xe m va khdi lugng thiing dung rac m^^^; A:^ = — = -15 Hmh 4: Suphu thugc cua cong sudt hap ly N^ _ cua dgng caxe vdo khoi lugng toi uu m^ ^cua thiing xe vd chiiu ddi van chuyen /^^^.' Dd thi phu thugc ciia khdi lugng toi uu m^ ^ ciia thung xe vao chieu dai van chuyen 1^^^^ /- /,^,,, = km 2-1^,^^ = 10 km; - T,, = 20 km va cdng suat dgng ca cua xe N dugc cho tren PHl/ONG PHAP L V A C H Q N XE C H hinh RAC CO CAC THONG SO HOfP LY THEO CHUAN THOfI GIAN CHU K{ LAM VIEC TOI THI£U Phuang phap dua tren sir toi thieu hoa thdi gian thuc hien cac nguyen cdng thu gom va chuyen chd rac hoac cue dai hoa nang suat ciia xe chd rae Hinh 3: Suphu thuoc cua khoi luang loi im m^^ cm thung xe vao chieu dai van chuyen l^^ va cong sudt dgng ca N cita xe cha rdc: l-N = 60KW:2-N=75KW:3-N = 90KW: 4-N=115KW; 5-N = 135KW: 6-N=150KW Dau tien ta chgn loai xe co the di lai lam viee d dieu kien chat hep nhu d cac hem phudng, phd Sau theo chieu dai van chuyen rac trung binh 1^,^,^ ta chgn khdi lugng tdi uu mopt cua thiing xe De lam viec thi tren dd thi d Tren co so cong thuc (6), ta xac dinh gia hinh ta dat diem tren true hoanh vdi chiiu dai van chuyen 1^,^^^^" ^^^^ tn hpp ly cua cong suat N theo m^^,: ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHf CO KHf VIETNAM, Sd nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CUfU-TRAOD6I Ke dudng thang diing den diem cat dudng cong cdng suit ciia dgng co (ddi vdi may hien cd) Sau tir dilm ke dudng nim ngang eit true tung tai dilm Diem cho ta gia trj tdi uu ciia khdi lugng thiing xe m^^^ Trong sd nhirng xe chd rac hien cd tai co sd ta chgn loai xe CO khdi lugng gan dung nhat so vdi m^^^.Tri sd cua m theo chieu dai van chuyen cho trudc eiing dugc xac dinh theo cdng thuc (5) hoac (6).Tir eae xe hien co ta chgn loai xe cd khdi lugng gan dung nhat so vdi tri sd m^ Trong sd cac xe chd rac hi6n cd tai ccr sd ta chgn xe cd khdi lugng va cdng suSt gin nhat so vdi khdi lugng m^ ^ va cdng suat hgp ly K £ T LUAN Viec nghien ciru ky dac diem chu ky lam viec cua xe chd rac la ca sd hinh chuin tdi uu hda cdng tae thu gom va van chuyen rac thai Thai gian chu ky lam viee eua xe chd rac la nhd nhat, hay nang suat cua nd Idn nhSt chinh la ham muc tieu de xuat Tren co sd nay, co thi Ta kiem tra tn sfl cua cflng suat hgp ly lua chgn xe chd rac cd cae thdng sd hgp ly, phu tren thi d hinh Tren true hoanh ta dat diem hgp vdi dieu kien sii dung, nham giam bdt cac theo gia tri mopt da nhan dugc d dd thi tren chi phi ve nang lugng, vat lieu va siie lao dgng hinh diem ta nhan dugc gia tri cong suat Cac cdng thirc giai tich, cac dd thi dugc xae lap N hgp ly Ta chgn xe chd rac cd cdng suat gan va phuong phap lua ehgn xe chd rac de xuat c6 nhat so vdi cdng suat hgp ly Cdng suat hgp the giiip ich cho cac cdng ty dich vu eong cong ly ciing co the xac dinh bang each tinh toan theo cua phd, de tien hanh cdng viec thu gom va van chuyen rac thai cd hieu qua nhat.