ảnh hưởng của bôi trơn tối thiểu (MQL) đến mòn dụng cụ cắt và nhám bề mặt khi tiện tinh thép 9crsi (9XC) qua tôi

Hoang Xuan Tu vd dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 81(05): 103- 108 ANH HLTdNG CUA BOI TROTV TOI THIEU (MQL) DEN MON DUNG CU C A T VA NHAM BE MAT KHI TIEN TINH THEP 9CrSi (9XC) QUA TOI Hoang Xuan Tu', Ngo Ngoc Vu Trudng DH Ky thud! Cdng nghiep - DH Thdi Nguyen TOM TAT Trong qua trinh gia cdng bang cat ggt de tang tudi thg cua dung cu cat ngudi ta sd dung dung dich tron nguoi vi dung dich tron ngudi cd kha nang lam giam ma sat vdng cat, tai nhiet khdi vung cat, han che tac dung xau cda nhiet ddi vdi dung cu c3t, dam bao nhiet lam viec cua mdi Uudng thap va dn djnh, giup van chuyen phoi khdi vung cat de dang Tuy nhien, viec su dung dung djch tron ngudi qua trinh gia cdng hien cho thay nhugc diem cda nd la gay d nhiem mdi trudng va doc hai ddi vdi lao ddng Do vay, viec nghien cdn va ung dung cdng nghe bdi tron tdi thieu (Minimum Quantity Lubricant - MQL) cho qua trinh gia cdng can dugc phat trien Bai bao trinh bay nghien cuu "Anh hudng ciia boi trim ldm nguoi toi thieu den mon dung cu cdt vit nhdm be mat kid tien tinh thep 9CrSi dit qua toi", tu dd danh gia cac uu nhugc diem cua bdi tron lam ngudi tdi thieu so vdi phucmg phap gia cdng khd qua cac thdng sd ve co che mdn, nham be mat va mdn mat sau dung cu cat Keywords: Tien cung, bdi tran tdl thieu, nhdm be mat, mon dung cu eat MO DAU Bdi tron-ldm nguoi kieu tudi trdn da dugc nghien cdu vd dng dung rdt rong rdi ngdnh co' Tuy nhien phuong phdp ndy van dugc cdc nhd khoa hge tiep tuc nghien cuu vdi cac hudng chu yeu nhu: - Ndng cao hieu qud cua qua trinh bdi tron - Idm ngudi liet kiem dung dich boi Iron lam ngudi - Tim cdc chat phu gia nham ndng cao boat tinh cua ddu cat ggt - Nghien cdu tim cdc loai ddu eat ggt mdi it dgc hai, than thien vdi moi trudng - Tim cdc loai ddu cat mdi ddp ung cdc yeu cau cda edng nghe boi Iron - Idm ngudi toi thieu hoac tim cdc ehdt phu gia de lam tdng tinh cat cda cdc loai ddu - Nghien cuu xdc djnh dp sudt vd luu lugng ludi toi uu - Cai tiln kit cau dung cu de thich hgp vdi cdng nghe bdi Iron - ldm ngudi loi thieu - Cai tiln kit cau dau phun va he thong bdi tro'n - Nghien cuu ung dung boi tron Idm nguoi cdng nghe lien cung gia cdng tdc cao Email: li.\t (Ihktcn'itvahoo.com Phuong phdp bdi tro'n tdi thieu su dung dau thuc vat Idm dung djch boi Iron vdi luu lugng khoang tu 50 - 500 ml/1 gid, nhd hon rat nhieu so vdi phuong phdp lii-di tran (cd the len tdi 10 l/phdl) [5] Quan niem ve phuong phap bdi Iron toi thieu cung gdn gidng vdi phuang phdp gia cdng khd va phuong phdp bdi Iron cue lieu dugc de vdi y nghTa bdo ve mdi trudng vd ngudi lao dgng Ngodi y nghTa dd phuong phdp ndy cdn mang lai cdc hieu qua ve kinh te tiet kiem dugc ddu bdi Iron, gidm thdi gian Idm sach phdi, dung cu cdt vd mdy mdc Hien nay, phuong phdp tien khd khong bdi iron Idm ngudi da trd nen thdng dung Irong sdn xudl cdng nghiep gia cdng cao tdc cdc loai thep cd cung cao, dac trung cda phuong phdp ndy Id nang lirgng su dung cho qua trinh cat rdt Idn Do vay, su dung phuong phdp gia cdng khd se ldm gidm tudi thg cua dung cu cdt vd chdt lugng be mat gia cdng tinh Idn cudi, de cd the gia cdng dugc phai giam toe chay dao vd chieu sau cdt ddn den ndng sual cdt gidm xuong Viec dp dung phuang phdp boi Iron ldi thieu vdo qua trinh tien cdng se ldm tang tudi thg cua dung cu cdt cung nhu chat lugng be mat gia cong tinh Ian cuoi 103 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Hoang Xuan Tu vd dig d Viet Nam viec irng dung cong nghe boi Iron toi thieu vdo qua trinh tien cung chua dugc nghien cuu Vdi muc dich nghien cuu va ung dung cdng nghe boi tro-n loi thieu mot cdch co hieu qud dieu kien cu the a nuoe ta, vi \ay nghien cuu "Anh hudng cua boi tran tdi thieu (MQL) den mdn dung cti cdt vd nhdm be mdt tien tinh thep 9SiCr (9XC) qua tdi'' CO y nghia khoa hgc vd ihuc lien NGHiEN C C u THUC NGHIEM Muc dich cua nghien ciru nhdm so sdnh giua boi Iron toi thieu vdi gia cong kho tien tinb cung qua ddnh gid dugc uu diem cua phuong phdp boi Iron toi thieu nghien cuu nay, tdc gid su dung loai ddu boi tron Id dau thuc vdt cda Viet Nam, Id loai dau de kiem, re tien va thdn thien vdi mdi truong Cdc cbi lieu ddnh gid Id cdc thong sd cong nghe cda qud trinh gia cong gom: - Do mdn cua dung cu cdt - Nhdm be mat gia cong - Co- che mdn cua dung cu cdt He thong va thiet bj thi nghiem Trong nghien cuu tac gid su dung he thdng bdi Iron toi thieu theo kieu dong nen Iron true tiep vdi dung dich Iron nguoi tao thdnh suong mu phun vdo vung cdt cd sodd nhu hinh ve 81(05): 103-108 Vdt lieu phdi: Thep 9SiCr (9XC), L = 300 mm, , toi the tich dat curng 56 - 58 HRC Thanh phan hod hgc (Bang 1); Bang Thanh phdn hda hgc thep 9XC (9CrSi) Nguyen to hoa hoc c §i P Ma, Ni Cr Ham luong (%) 0,8623 1,2351 0,0241 0,58613 0,03216 1,113 Nguyen to hoa hgc V Cu w Ti Al Fe Ham luo'ng (%) 0,14987 0,28763 0,1768 0,0299 0,0011 95,4722 Dung dich bdi tran Su dung dau lac Iam dung djch boi tron Thiet bi do: - May do nhdm Mitutoyo SJ-201 cda Nhat - Mdy chup mon dao: Su dung kinh hien vi dien tu, TM-1000 Hitachi, Nhat Ban, cd phong dai 10.000 lan j | - Kinh hien vi quang hge: SiJ dung kinh hien vi AXOVOC-IOO Hitachi, Nhat Ban, cd dp phong dai 1000 lan Tien hanh thi nghiem Tien hdnh thi nghiem gia cong tien tinh ngoai thep 9XC da qua toi theo hai phuang phdp la cat kho vd cdt eo boi Iron toi thieu Che cat tien kho vd tien co boi tran tdi thieu dugc giir nguyen Toe cat: V = 383 mm/phut Phoi 7.Van ddu May nen Ap ke Van Dau phun Duna cu cat Binh chda ddu boi Hinh So dd nguyen ly he thdng bdi tron tdi thilu + Thiet bj thi nghiem Mdy lien: su dung may tien van ndng 0KUMALS365, Nhdt Bdn Dung cu cdt: - Mdnh dao: Su dung manh dao PCBN: TPGN 160308 T2100, E^B28X - Than dao: Su dung thdn dao: MTENN 2020 K16-N(bdngKANELA) 104 Toe ehay dao: S = 0,1 mm/vong Chieu sau cdt: t = 0,15 mm Ap suat khi; P = KG/cm" Luu lugng tudi: 0,22 ml/phut Ket qua va ban luan I a) Ca che mon ctia dung cu cdt Ket qud quan sat eac mdnh dao sau lien tinh tren kinh hien vi dien tu' eho thay eac manh dao gia cong kho vd gia cong co bdi tron toi thieu deu bj mon cd mat truoe vd mat sau + Mdn mat truac dung cu Tu dnh chup mat truoe cua dao cho thay, mdn -xay tren mat trucjc cua dung eu ddi vdi ca hai phuong phap gia cong kho vd boi Iron toi Hoang Xuan Tir vd dig 81(05): 103- 108 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE thieu cd the chia thdnh vung rd ret theo phuong ihodl phoi thong qua muc bam dinh cda vat lieu dung cu cat vdi mat trudc Vdng I Id vung sdt luoi eat vdi nhung vet bien dang deo cdc hat cung gdy nen; vdng liep theo vdi sir dinh nhe cda vat lieu gia cdng len mat trudc, vung Id vung phoi thodl khdi mat trudc Quan sdt dnh chup manh dao tien d 16,25 vd 48,75 phdt gia cdng (hinh 2, hinh 3) deu eho thdy vat lieu gia cdng dinh tap trung d vung phoi thodt phdi mat trudc cda dung cu cat chu khong phdi d vung gdn luoi eat Chieu dai tiep xdc phoi vd mat trudc tang ddn tu mui dao den vdng tiep xdc gitra be mat tu cua phoi vdi mat trudc ddi vdi cd gia edng kho vd boi Iron toi thieu i^^£:'- TM-1000_0038 2009/03/18 16:51 100 urn TM-1000 ^0023 2009/03/18 15,59 100 urn ^A^' TM 1000 0016 TM.1000_0031 2009703718 2009/03/18 Hinh Hinh anh mat trudc dao PCBN sau tien 48,75 phdt a) Bdi tron tdi thieu; b) Gia cdng khd 15 23 16 29 300 urn Hinh Hinh anh mat trudc dao PCBN sau tien 16,25 phut a) Bdi Iron loi thieu; b) Gia cdng khd Vdng I sdt luai cat Id vung md lap vdt lieu gia cdng sdt mat trudc dinh vd dung tren mat trudc tao nen vung bien dang thu tren phoi Quan sat hinh dnh cho thdy vdng ndy mdn dd lao nen mgl mat trudc phu vdi gdc Irudc phu dm Qua binh dnh chup mon mat Irtrdc cho thdy chieu rong cda vdng ndy ddi vdi gia cdng khd vd bdi Iron ldi thieu Id khde Ca thai gian lien d 16,25 vd 48,75 phdt deu cho thdy chieu rong cda vung I gia cdng cd bdi Iron tdi thieu be hon nhieu so vdi gia cdng kho Dieu ndy cd nghTa Id vung gia cdng cd boi Iron tdi thieu tien sat ve ludi cat hon gia cdng khd Viec tao gdc truae phu dm d vdng sdt luai gia cong Id ket qud khong mong muon vi dieu ndy se Idm eho phoi bj Irugt ngugc lai 105 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Hoang Xuan Tu vd dig tao nen Idp bien trdng tren be mat gia cong Co the gidi thich hien tugng ndy Id boi Iron tdi thilu, dung dich boi tron dugc phun true tilp vdo vung cat lam giam ma sdt giua mat trudc cua dao vdi phoi Idm cho phoi Irugt de ddng hon tren mat trudc, hon nua dp luc kbi nen cung giup ndng canh phoi lam cho vung lien sdt hon vao phia ludi cat Quan sat tren loan bg chieu ddi ludi cat d vdng sdt luai cat (vung I) cho thdy boi tron toi thieu cdc ranh bien dang deo cdo xuoc cda cdc bat cung tren be mat d vung ndy it hon so vdi kbi gia cong kho the hien ro tren hinh Dieu chdng to dung dich boi tron da thdm nhdp vdo vdng cdt vd lao nen mdng ddu boi Iron giua phoi vd mat trudc dao vd ma sdt giua cdc hat cung vdi luai cdt giup chung de dang trugt khoi be mat gia cong Vdng la vung dinh cda vat lieu gia cong, vung ndy phat trien tu mui dao vd tdng dan ve phia vung phoi thoat khoi mat trudc dien tich vung ndy doi vdi ca gia cong kho vd boi tron toi thieu Id tuong duo-ng Vung Id vung vat lieu gia cdng dinh nhieu tren mat trudc vdi cdc vet trugt cua phoi d cd gia cong kho vd bdi iron toi thieu la giong 81(05): 103-108 Hinh Hinh anh mat sau dao PCBN sau tien 32,5 phut a) Bdi tron tdi thieu: b) Gia cdng kho b) Luang mon mat sau Tu dnh chup tren kinh hien vi dien td TM1000 Hitachi, Nhdt Ban dugc lugng mdn mat sau cua dao Bieu ve mon mat sau nhir hinh + Mon nult sau dung cu cdt: Ma sat giua mat sau cua dung cu cdt vd be mat gia cong Id ma sdt thong thudng kem theo su bdin dinh cda vat lieu gia cong vd cdc vet cao xiidc tren be mat sau cua dung cu Quan sdt hinh 4, cho thay bl rong cua vit mon theo mat sau gia cdng cd boi Iron toi thieu (a) be hon so vdi gia cong kho (b) Do cdch bd tri ddu phun true tilp vdo mat sau cua dao da lam gidm dang kl ma sat giu'a mat sau cua dao \ di be mat chi tiet gia cone 16.25 32.5 48.75 Tho'i gian gia cong (phut) Hinh Quan he giira lugng mdn mat sau u va thdi gian cat gia cdng khd va gia cdng co siJr dung bdi tron tdi thieu S=0,lmm/vdng; V=383mm/ph; 1=0,15mm Vat lieu gia cdng: thep 9CrSi qua tdi TM-1000_0048 106 2009/03/18 17:30 300 um Qua bieu ve lugng mon mat sau cua dao cho thdy lugng mon dugc d cdc thdi diem sau tien 16,25; 32,5 vd 48,75 phut boi Iron toi thieu nho hon gia cong khd dieu ndy cung phu hgp vdi ket qua nghien cdu cua Ronan Autrel[l], [2], [5] m Hoang Xuan Tu vd dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 81(05): 103- 108 cu cat vd be mat chi liel gia cong, ma sal giua phoi va mat trudc dao gidm di nen lugng mdn dao cung gidm theo, dan den nham be mat boi tro-n tdi thieu se thap hon gia cdng kho Quan sdt bieu cho thdy nhdm be mat gia cong khd tdng nhanh ban so vdi gia cdng cd boi Iron toi thieu, dieu cung phd hgp vdi dien bien mdn mat sau cda hai phuong phdp gia cdng Boi tran l6i thieu Gia cong, kho _ Phipong phap gia cong Hinh Bieu dd so sanh tudi ben cda dao theo lugng mdn cho phep ([u]) Tu anh chup ve eo- che mdn vd nhung nhdn xet d tren cho thay dau boi Iron da dugc phun true liep vdo vung cdt vd lao nen mang ddu lam giam ma sdt giua mat sau cua dao vdi chi liel gia cdng vd giua mat trudc cua dao vdi be mat phoi Tir Idm lugng mdn mat sau cua dao theo phuong hudng kinh cung gidm di Nhin vdo bieu cung eho thay lugng mdn mat sau theo phuong hudng kinh gia cdng khd cd xu hudng tang nhanh hon so vdi bdi Iron loi thieu Neu Idy lugng mdn cho phep Id [u] = 15 p.m, ta xdc djnh dugc tudi ben cda dao, bieu ve tuoi ben cda dao theo lugng mdn cho phep nhu (hinh 6) So sdnh kel qud ve tudi ben cda dao theo lugng mdn cho phep thi, vdi [u] = 15 pm, ludi ben cda dao gia cdng khd la 23,5 phdt, cdn gia cdng cd bdi tron ldi thieu Id 37,9 phdt (tang 162 %) c) Nhdm he mat Bieu nhdm be mat gia cong khd vd gia cdng cd bdi tron loi thieu nhu hinh Nhdm bl mat kbi bdi tron loi thieu thap hon gia cdng khd la gia cdng cd bdi Iran toi thilu thi ma sal giua be mat sau dung 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.3 19.5 22.8 - Ra (Gia cong I