Một số đánh giá và đề xuất nhiệm vụ trọng tâm phát triển ngành cơ điện nông nghiệp và công nghệ sau thu hoạch đến năm 2020 cho vùng đồng bằng sông cửu long

M O T SO DANH GIA v A B E X U A T NHIEIM VU T R O N G T A M ' PHAT TRifiN N G A N H C O DIEN NONG N G H l E P VA C O N G NGHE SAU THU H O A C H BEN NAM 2020 C H O VUNG D O N G BANG SONG CUtJ L O N G Nguyen Duy D^c Vien Cff dien Ndng nghiep vd Cdng nghe sau Ihu hoach Bp Nong nghiep vd Phdt Irien ndng Ihdn Tong quan: Ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long (DBSCL) la mdt nhirng vting chau thd phi nhieu trdn thd gidi, la phan cudi cting cua luu vuc ddng sdng Mdkdng, cd didn tich 40 ngan km2 (chidm 12% didn tich ca nude), dan sd t|p trung ddng diic vdi 17,4 tridu ngudi (chidm 21% dan sd ca nude) va sd ngudi dang tudi lao ddng chidm trdn 65% dan so vtmg Hon nira, xet vd vj tri dja ly thi vting cd nhieu thuan lgi tidp giap ea dudng bo, dudng bidn, dudng hang khdng vdi cac nudc khu vuc Vdi lgi thd dja ly, hau, vii la nai cd ngudn nguydn lieu ndng - lam - thuy hai san ddi dao, la thj trudng cd siic mua ban ldn San lugng lua san xuat dat tren 18 trieu tan mdi nam (chidm 54% san lugng, va chidm 90% lugng lua xuat khdu ca nudc), cung cap 70% lugng trai cay ca nudc va xudt khau thuy san hang nam chidm trdn 60% ea nude Do do, vide danh gia mgt each toan dien nhirng thuan lgi, khd Idian, ea hdi ciing nhu thaeh thiic cua 13 tinh, phd nham xay dung kd hoach chidn luge phat tridn kinh td-xa hdi cho viing DBSCL la hdt siic cdn thidt Trong khudn khd Hdi thao nay, chung tdi ehi xin dd cap ddn ITnh vuc co didn ndng nghiep va cdng nghd sau thu hoach lidn quan ddn phat tridn bdn vtmg vimg DBSCL thdi gian tdi Thuc trang Iinh vuc Cg dien ndng nghiep va Cong nghe sau thu hoaeh tai viing BBSCL: 2.1 Cff dien nong nghidp: a) Mot so nudc khu vuc: - mdt sd nudc cd ndn san xudt liia nudc phat tridn nhu Han Qudc, Nhat Ban, Dai Loan, qua trinh san xuat lua dugc co gidi hda (CGH) hoan toan, tinh ddng bp rdt cao Thi du, de cd the ling dung khau thu hoach bdng may tudt trdn cay, khau edy phai dam bao khoang each hang tieu chudn, rudng ddt phai dugc quy hoach tdt, he thdng thuy lgi phai dugc dau tu day du, kd hoach san xudt phai dugc thidt lap dam bao cho vide ting dung may mdc mdt each ddng bp va triet dd Vd md hinh quan ly, ttiy theo ttmg nudc cd su khac Nhat CGH chu ydu theo md hinh trang trai, edn tai Dai Loan lai chu ydu mang tinh dich vu Tuy nhidn du dual hinh thirc nao, thi tinh kd hoach san xudt cung rdt cao va duac lap mdt each khoa hpe •»• - Trong nhirng nam 1950 eua thd ky trude, tai Nhat Ban khau lam ddt duge ca gidi hoa cimg vdi viec phd bidn may keo nhd banh Nhirng nam 1960, san xudt nudc cac may keo banh (15-25 hp), may lam ddt, may cdy va may Udn hgp thu hoach phat tridn, ddng thdi he thdng CGH dong bp san xudt lua bdt dau dugc thuc hidn, dac biet la khiiu eay va khau thu hoaeh Ty Id didn tieh sii dung may cay nam 1960 la 3%, den nam 1980 da tang Idn 91%, hien gdn nhu toan bd didn tich lua cua Nhat ddu dugc eay bang may Tugng tu, ty Id didn tich thu hoach bang may nam 1970 la 27%, nam 1980 da len ddn 95% va hien la ioO% - Trung Qudc la ddt nudc rdng ldn, ndng nghidp la ndn tang cua ndn kinh td quoc dan va CGH ddng mdt vai trd het sire quan trpng ddi vdi su phat tridn ndng nghiep Trai qua hon 50 nam phat tridn, nhat la Nha nude thuc hidn nhirng chinh sach ddi mdi va md cira, nganh CGH ndng nghidp ciia Trung Qudc da tri dugc su phat trien d tdc dd cao va da eung cap rat nhieu loai may mdc cd hidu qua Theo sd lieu thdng kd, den cudi nam 2008, tdng ddng luc may ndng nghiep d Trung Qudc dat tdi 822 tridu k'W, tang 6,5% so vdi nam 2007 Trong cd hon tridu may keo eg Idn va cd trung, 17 tridu may keo cd nhd, 13 tridu xe van tai dimg ndng nghidp, 743.000 may gat dap lidn hgp va mdt lugng ldn may eay, bira, gieo va biio ve liia Miic CGH san xuat ndng nghidp la 45,85% (ridng vdi CGH san xudt lua 51,2%) eao hon 3,38% so vdi 2007 va day la miic tang cao nhat tit trudc ddn Ly giai cho su phat tridn ciia CGH nhanh nhu vay, cac nha nghien ctru Trung Qudc cho rang ed nguydn nhan chinh, dd la: su thidu hut lao ddng mdt sd lugng ldn lao dgng chuyen tir ndng thdn phd, thj tr^n; ngudi ndng dan da cd thu nhap cao hon ndn kh4 nang mua may de hon; nam 2008 chinh phil (TQ) da chi 13 ty NDT (tuang duong ty USD) hd trg ndng diin mua may [trich djch ttr Bao cao thudng nidn eua TQ tai Hpi nghj UNAPCAEM 13-17/10/2009, Los Bancs Philippine] Nganh CGH ndng nghidp da eung cdp thidt bj va ddng mdt vai trd quan trpng vide nSng cao nang sudt lao ddng, tang cudng kha nang khac phue nhiing tac ddiig xau cua tu nhien, nang cao mirc thu nhap va tich luy eho san xudt, phat trien ndn kinh td nhieu phdn va chdn kinh td d cac vung ndng thdn, thuc ddy qua trinh phat trien ndng nghiep theo hudng edng nghiep hoa va hidn dai boa - Nhiing nam ddu thap ky 90, nhu cdu cua thj trudng vd may ndng nghidp co trung va cd ldn tang nhanh nen eac nha may ehd tao may ndng nghidp ndi tidng trdn the gidi ldn lugt dat van phdng dai didn ciia hp tai Trung Qudc Trong sd dd nhidu hang dau tu 100% vdn dd lap nha may hay lidn doanh Vi du nhu hang John Deer da lap Cdng ty TNHH May Thu hoach Deer Jianlian va Cdng ty May keo Deer Tiantuo; New Holland Beidahua Tractor va New Holland-Shanghai Tractor, eac hang Kubota va Yanmar cua Nhat Ban, Cdng ty Tongyang cua Han Qudc ciing da lap cdng ty lidn doanh hay cdng ty tu ddu tu toan bp vdn dd chd tao may cdy va may gat dap lidn hgp - Mdt sd nudc trdng Wa d chau A hien nhu Trung Qudc, Nhat, Han Qudc va Dai Loan sii dung phuang phap cdy bdng cac may cdy 4, va hang, ma tham dugc san xuat theo kidu edng nghidp Khau cham sdc dugc sit dung cac thiet bj hidn dai nhu may bdn phan, may phun thudc lien hgp vdi may keo, cac tram cung cdp nude tudi Ngoai mdt sd nude cdn sit dung ca may bay dd thuc hidn bdn phan, phun thudc Khau thu hoach lua ciing dugc CGH d miic dp cao, da sd cac nude sil dung may thu hoach lien hgp vdi chidu rdng lam vide Idn, chi cd mdt sd rdt it cae nudc thupc khu vue Ddng Nam A va Nam A hien tai cdn thu hoach bang thu cdng 87 - Ddi vdi eac ndng san khac nhu bap, dau do, cay man Iugng thuc, cu, qua , chi cd Nhat Ban va Han Qude la nude ap dung ty Id vide ap dtmg cg gidi hda d muc cao, cdn cac nudc khac d mue thap hon b) Cff gidi hoa nong nghiep d nuffc ta: - Co gidi hoa san xudt liia d Viet nam da dugc bat dau kha sdm, tir cudi nhtrng nam 1950 cua thd ky trudc, nhung eg chd bao cdp, tdc CGH phat trien rat cham va khdng dn dinh CGH khau lam ddt nam 1980 mdi dat 27,3% tdng dien tich gieo trdng ca nudc, nhung sau dd lai giam xudng nam 1990 chi cdn 21,1% Ttr cd chinh sach doi mdi, giao quydn su dung ddt lau dai cho ndng dan (1998), CGH san xuat ndng nghidp Uo nhu cdu thuc su cua nong dan Ndng dan tu mua may mdc ndng nghidp dd san xuat va kinh doanh Vi vay CGH san xudt ndng nghidp sau thdi ky suy giam da phuc hdi trd lai vdi tdc cang tang Nam 1999, CGH khau lam ddt da dat 54%, khJu dap lua dat 60%, CGH van tai ndng thdn tang ldn so vdi nam 1990 Tinh cudi nam 1999, ca nudc da trang bi 146.000 may keo cac loai su dung cho ndng nghiep, tridu may ndng nghiep eac loai, tridu may bam nudc, 300.000 may dap Wa, 3.000 may say, gan 200.000 may nghidn, xay xat, 111.000 phuang tidn van ehuydn eac loai, gdn 700.000 dpng ea didn, dpng ca nd.v.v Binh quan loan qude trang bi ddng lire cho 01 canh tac da dat 0,5 ma luc (tuy nhidn cdn rdt thdp so vdi nhidu nude chau A nhu Nhat Ban - 12,3, Han Quoc 7,1) Do didu kidn phat tridn kinh td d cac vting khac nen miic trang bj ddng luc cung chdnh lech nhidu, eao nhdt la vting Tay Nguyen dat 1,5, thap nhat la vimg Trung du midn nui phia Bdc 0,16, Ddng bdng Sdng Ciru Long - 0,59 Ddng bang Sdng Hdng-0,34 - Trong nhiing nam gdn day, muc dd co gidi hda san xuat lua da dat dugc nhitag tich dang kd Nhin chung cac may va thidt bj phuc vu eg gidi boa san xuat Itia cua nude ta la tuong ddi diiy du va da dang Theo sd lieu tdng hgp cua cae Trung tam khuyen ndng cac tinh tinh ddn thang ddu nam 2011 thi d BBSCL da cd khoang ban 18.000 may lam ddt (dap img 95% nhu cdu), 48.000 may sa hang (khoang 60% nhu edu), 11.000 may sdy (khoang 30%) nhu cau), 6.500 may gat dap lien hgp (45% nhu cau), 31.000 may xjt thudc (30% nhu cau) CGH khau dap tudt dap tmg 84%, van chuydn 66%, xay xat gao 95%) Tuy nhidn cac khau eo gidi boa van cdn mang tinh dan Id, chua xay dung dugc mo hinh ddng bd de chiing minh tinh uu vidt cua nd So vdi cae nudc khu vuc, miic CGH ndng nghidp eua Viet Nam edn thap, trang bj ddng lire binh quan mdi dat 1,16 HP/ha canh tac (cdn rat thap so vdi nhidu nude chau A nhu Nhat Ban - 12,3, Han Qudc 7,1, nam sd lieu), Uong DBSCL 1,85 HP/ha, DBSH 0,85 HP/ha va thdp nhdt la vtmg mien nui phia Bac 0,39 HP/ha - Mac dil da ed Quydt djnh sd 186/2002/QD-TTg cua Thu tudng Chinh phli vd Chidn luge phat tridn nganh eg gidi Viet Nam ddn nam 2010, tdm nhin 2020 co dinh hudng chidn luge phat tridn chuydn nganh va nhdm san phdm cg gidi phuc vu san xuat ndng nghidp, nhirng nam qua, vide ap dung may mdc vao san xudt ndng nghidp da dugc quan tam ya cd bude tidn dang kd nhidu dia phugng da cd cac bidn phap hd trg ngudi ndng dan ddy manh co gidi hda san xudt ndng nghidp nlidm tang nang suit lao ddng giam gia san phdm, tidn tdi xay dtmg mdt ndn ndng nghiep san xudt hang hda theo hudng cdng nghidp hda hidn dai hda Tuy nhidn, trdn thue td, ti Id ca gidi boa san xudt ndng nghidp cua nudc ta vdn cdn thdp va thidu ddng bd d mdt sd loai cay trdng nhu: hoa man mia, ty Id co gidi hda chi dat khoang 20%> va vdn chua cd nhtrng md hinh canh tac va mdu may phii hgp cho vide ap dung rpng rai ca gidi hda cac ciiy trdng Ddi vdi rapt sd loai cay trdng xudt khdu ed gia trj kinh td cao nhu cao su, ca phd , vide eo gidi hda mdi chi dugc tidn hanh d cdng doan bom nudc titdi Nhidu khau khac vdn chu ydu lam thu cdng, vi du khau thu hoach hoan toan bang tay - Mdt sd nguyen nhan ban che eg gidi hda nong nghidp: + Quy md san xudt cdn nhd le, rudng dat manh mim, tang eg sd cdn ydu kem la can trd ldn ddi vdi vide phat tridn CGH, didn tich mdi hd lai phan tan chia nhidu manh tai nhidu vj tri khac Vide quy hoach cac viing san xuat lira cao san hay dac san d mdt sd dja phuang ehua ro rang, chua tao cac vting san xuat liia vdi khdi lugng ldn tap trung, dap tmg kjp thdi cho vide xuat khau vdi khdi lugng Idn; Van dd ddc canh cay liia va san xudt vu nam gay khd khan cho vide ap dung co gidi hoa san xuat lua, vi san xuat nhu vay rudng vira khdng ed thdi gian nghi, khdng cd thdi gian cay phoi ai, khdng didt dupe cac d dich bdnh, khdng tao dugc dp cirng cua nen, gay khd khan eho vide di chuydn may trdn ddng; Trong dieu kien nudi trdng thuy san phat trien, cae md hinh lua-ca hay lua-tdra eang tang, day la didu khd khan ap dung CGH san xuat lua d vting nay; Cac gidng lua hidn ed chidu eao cay ldn, dp cung eua cay ydu, dd dd nga, bdng hat khdng tap trung cimg dp eao, kich thudc hat chua that ddng ddu.v.v ciing lam anh hudng ldn den viec dua CGH vao san xuat -I- Mat khac, kit can tang ndng thdn nhu dudng sa, eau edng, kdnh muong, dac bidt la he thdng thoat nude nhidu noi chua cd, tinh trang keo dai se can trd va gay ndn hidu qua eua eg gidi hoa la rat thap + Nganh co nudc ehua dap irng dugc ydu cau cda san xuat ndng nghidp Cac co sd chd tao may ndng nghidp ban hdt qui md nhd, thidt bj va edng nghe lac ban, chua chii trgng ddu tu cdng nghd mgi,san lugng thap, quy trinh san xuat khep kin, thidu chuydn mdn hoa, thidu hgp tac lidn kdt td chuc san xuat San pham t:g ndng nghiep nude che tao chu ydu la ddng co cdng sudt nhd Cae du an vd may ndng nghidp thudc chuang trinh ca hpng didm nha nudc, nganh, dja phuong cham dugc tridn khai -I- Chua ed chuong hinh phdi hgp chat che giiia nghien ciru vd gidng cung nhu he thdng canh tac phti hgp vdi ydu cdu eua CGH cho ttrmg ddi tugng ndng san -I- Ndng dan thue hidn quydn tu ehii san xudt va tidu thu ndng san Dd phat tridn san xudt nhidu hd ndng dan tu bd vdn mua may radc thidt bj phuc vu CGH canh tac lua Hidn ty le trang bi eua hi nhan chidm khoang 90%> tdng sd may hidn cd ca nude Song, hinh thiic td chirc hd tu nhan mang tinh tu phat, cdn cd nhirng ban chd nhu: mile dp trang hi may mdc phuc vu cae khau khdng ddng bp bi ban chd vd tai chinh va gia may cdn kha cao; trinh ky thuat su dung edn thdp; hinh dp quan ly didu hanh ban chd va chua tu chu san xudt + Hinh thiic td chirc cd kd hoach (HTX ndng nghidp, HTX dich vu co ndng nghiep, Cdng ty ed phan eo ndng nghidp va can lac bd) phdn nao da khac phue dugc nhirng ban chd cua hinh thiic tu phat ndn cd thd chpn dd lam co sd dd xay dung md hinh td chirc quan ly tugng lai Tuy nhidn, hinh thirc HTX dich vu ca ndng nghidp la td chtre tu nguyen, ca ehd quan ly va boat ddng ehua chat che nen can cd thdi gian de hoan thidn va chung minh tinh hidu qua ciia rad hinh Hinh thue djch vu HTX ndng nghidp quydn Igi cua xa vidn gan bd true tidp vdi HTX, HTX true tidp quan ly rudng dat, didu hanh san xuat, nhung khau quan ly ciia HTX hien cdn ydu kem + Chinh sach ho trg ciia nha nudc chua duge thue hien rapt each triet dd va ddng bp (Nghj quydt 48/NQ-CP, 23/9/2009 cua Chinh phu vd ap dung CGH ndng nghidp, giam tdn thdt sau thu hoach cho ndng san, chinh sach hd trp vay vdn ) 2.2 Cdng nghe sau thu hoach: - Ngoai Ilia gao thi cay an trai, rau cii qua, dau dd la nhirng ndng san chinh cua viing DBSCL Ton thdt sau thu hoach cua ridng lua gao tai Ddng bang sdng Cttu Long hidn van cdn kha cao, khoang 13,7%), (cdn eiia ngd la 13-15%), rau qua 15-20%), thidt hai tuong duong 635 tridu USD/nam Trong sd nay, chiera cao nhat la khau phoi sdy mat 4,2%), thu hoach 3%, xay xat 3%, bao quan 2,6%, van ehuydn 0,9% Ben eanh dd, tdn that cac phu pham khac cua lua gao vao khoang 50%) , ngoai su tdn that ve san Iugng edn bj sut giam dang kd vd chat Iugng - Vide ap dung cac quy trinh cdng nghe tien tien, thich hgp so chd, bao quan, chd bidn, phan phdi cdn bj ban chd: cac he thdng kho chua ldn da qua cii, hoac dat d noi ehua phil hgp, chua cd he thdng say, xir ly va bao quan tidn tidn, nhdt la vu he thu, quy trinh "xay xat ngugc" tai nhidu eg sd (dting nguydn lieu dau vao la gao trang dd xat lai, hoac danh bdng lai cd Hgp ddng xuat khau) lara cho ehi phi che bidn cao, tdn thit sau thu hoach ldn - Toan vung chua ed ragt he thdng nba xu ly ddng gdi rau qua (packing house) du tidu chuan cua cac nudc khu vuc, cimg vdi vide chua ap dung cac tieu chudn chit lugng san phdm (VietGAP, GlobalGAP ) nen sire eanh tranh san phdm ciing loai so vdi Ciie nudc khac khu vuc thdp - Chudi eung irng ndng san qua nhidu khau ttung gian, nhidu bdt cap din ddn vide phan bd lgi icb chua hgp ly, nhdt la cua ngudi ndng dan - Van dd quy hoach vung nguydn lieu cung ehua that rd rang (trtr cay Ida), va diu tu lira chpn gidng thich hgp chua duge dting mfie phdn nao anh hudng ddn phat tridn ndng san vting Mot so de xuat de phat tridn eg dien nong nghiep va cong nghe sau thu hoach cho ving BBSCL thdi gian tdi: 3.1 Bjnh hudng Cff gidi hoa thdi gian tdi: a) Nhdm giai phap ky thuat: Ddi tugng tap trung vao la lua, gao, cay hg dau, rau eu qua u • , ooo5''f" '"'" '^°''- ^^ " " ^ ''° * ^ " ' ' ' ' " *^ P''*' ' " ^ " CGH Phdn ddu ddn 2020 vd cc ban 100/o dien tich trdng lua d ca hai vimg dugc CGH bdng cae loai thidt bi tidn tidn va hieu qua cao 90 - Khdu gieo cdy: Ben canh phat tridn cdng eu gieo sa keo tay, tien hanh phat ttidn gieo sa bdng may d nhtrng vting it hi ldy thut va ed didn tich ldn Nghidn ciru phat ttidn cdng nghd san xudt ma tham ttdn khay va ma tham trdn rudng, ddng thdi vdi vide dua vao ting dung edy bdng may, dd ddn 2015 va 2020 didn tich gieo cay bang may tugng img d DBSH la 30 va 50%, DBSCL la 50 va 80%) - Khdu chdm sdc: Khau bam nude: 100% didn tich bam bang may vdi hieu qua cao, bang cac may bom Id chay bang dgng co va tram bora di en Khau phun thudc trir sau, phun thudc duong eay phai bang 100% cac Igai raay cd hidu qua cao va tranh d nhidm ddc hai eho ngudi sir dung Khau bdn phan: phai su dung rapt sd may bdn phan vien dui vao gde liia hay may rai phan bdn Idt cho lua dat ty Id 50-70%> nam 2020 - Khdu thu hogch: Vao nam 2020, thuc hidn thu hoach lua bang may DBSH dat 50%), DBSCL dat 80%), chu ydu sii dung may gat dap lidn hgp ed tinh nang ky thuat eao, mdc gat sdt dudi 1,5% - Khdu ldm kho: Khuydn khich cac phan kinh td dau tu phat tridn cac loai may sdy, phii hgp vdi quy md, trinh san xudt, dam bao ttr nam 2015 trd di nang luc siiy itia DBSCL dat 6-7 trieu tan lua he thu Chu trgng vide dau tu cac he thdng say tidn tidn, nang suat eao gan vdi cac cg sd xay xat, du trir luang thuc Idn - He thdng du trii- liia ggo: nghien cim va ap dung he thdng bag quan lua gao tap trung quy md 500-1000 tiin dd dam bao tinh hidu qua dau tu va an ninh luang thuc cua qudc gia - Xdy dimg he thdng nhd sa chi-ddng gdi d vting san xuat rau qua tap trung, dat tidu chuan eac nude tidn tidn khu vuc b) Nhdm giai phap ve to ehiic san xuat: - Can cd cac co chd chinh sach thich hgp nhara thuc diiy xay dung cac cdng trinh thiiy lgi, eai tao ddng rudng, thtic diiy vide ddn didn ddi thira va nang cdp co sd tang ndng thdn, la budc di dau tidn va cap bach thue day qua trinh CGH tai DBSCL cdn cd cac chinh sach thich hgp dd hd trg cho eae phan kinh td dau tu che tao may mdc thidt bj, ngudi sir dung co gidi boa nham day nhanh tdc CGH ndng nghidp - Tap trung ddu tu chidu sau vd khoa hgc cdng nghe eho cac don vj nghien euii (ttudng, vidn nghidn eiiu), cac eg sd tu nhan boat dgng ITnh virc eg didn ndng nghidp va edng nghe sau thu hoach dd tap hudn, dao tao ngudn nhan luc va chuydn giao cdng nghd thieh itng tai dja phuong - Nen cd nhiing chuong ttinh ldng ghep, kdt hgp rat cu thd ya ddng bd vgi cat; Bd, nganh, Tmng uang va dac bidt la cae dja phugng vung, kd ca hgp tae qude td dd gdp phdn thuc ddy nhanh tidn ttinh CNH - HDH ndng nghidp, ndng thdn - Nghien ciiu, tdng kdt, danh gia cac md hinh to chtre quan ly CGH va cdng nghd sau thu hoach thich hgp vdi tirng san phdm, timg vting, tft dd cd giai phap xay dung va nhan rdng canudc 3.2 Mot sd de xudt vd chuong trinh nghien eiiu iing dung tien bg ky thuat Vien 91 Cff didn nong nghiep va Cong nghe sau thu hoach dd xudt: Dd dat dugc nhiing chi tidu phat tridn bdn virng kinh td- xS hdi DBSCL nhiing nam tdi, khdng thd thidu su ddu tu kjp thdi eiia Chinh phu va su ehi dao, phdi hgp hdt sue chat che giira cac Bg, nganh va cac dja phugng vtmg Dudi day la mdt sd hudng nghidn cuu lidn quan ddn ITnh vue eg didn ndng nghjdp va cdng nghe sau thu hoach cua Vidn Co didn ndng nghidp va Cdng nghd sau thu hoach trinh bay Hdi thao de quy dai bidu tham khao: 1) Nghidn ctru thidt kd chd tao va hoan thidn ky thuat ciia mdt sd khau cdn ydu de thuc Men cagi&i hod ddng bp sdn xudi mpt sd cdy trdng chinh bao gdm may cay va quy trinh thidt bi san xudt ma non quy md tap trung; may gieo ngd, lac, dau, may thu hoaeh lac, may trdng va thu hoach mia Ddng thdi bat dau nghien euu mdt sd ky thuat mdi nhu phuang phap canh tac bao ve ddt (lam ddt tdi thidu, may bam than la cay rai rudng ) 2) Nghidn cuu cac cdng Irinh ve dpng lure, thidt ke ehd tao he thdng di ddng ap luc thdp lam vide trdn ndn dat ydu, cac bd phan Iam vide giam luc can; cac phugng phap khdi ddng thuy luc 3) Nghien cuu he thdng may va thiet hi phuc vu nhd Irdng nong nghiep cong nghe cao, bao gdm may lam dat mini, hd thdng tudi tidt kiem nudc, cung cap dinh dudng, tao tidu hau, he thdng quan ly didu khidn dd phuc vu san xuat rau man, hoa qua nha ludi, nha kinh 4) Nghien ctru ddng bd edng nghd va thidt bj phpc vu hinh mang ludi cae nhd sit che vd bdo qudn rau qud turffi vdi cac ndi dung eu thd: Qui hoach phat tridn mang ludi nha so chd va bao quan; Thidt kd chd tao cae loai hinh nha so che va thiet bi sir dung frong nha theo ddi tugng, nang sudt va suat diiu tu; Thidt lap qui trinh edng nghd ddng bo str dung nha sa chd bao quan ddi vdi 8-10 loai qua Dam bao den nam 2020, Vidt Nam cd mang ludi eae nha so chd bao quan (packing house) va vd co ban hoan cdng nghidp hda ITnh vuc so chd bao quan rau qua tuai 5) Nghien ciru hoan thidn edng nghd va he thdng thidt hi ldn trie, bdo qudn vd xay xdt lita ggo nham nang cao chat lugng va giam tdn thdt Ida gao Viet Nam, vdi ba ndi dung ldn can thuc hidn ngay, dd la: Nghidn ctru thidt kd, chd tao he thdng thidt bi tidp nhan, so chd va van chuydn thde tir ge/thuydn nang sudt 25 - 30 tdn/gid; Nghidn euu thidt kd, chd tao may say thdc lien tue dang thap nang sudt ddn 15 tdn/gid va Nghien ciiu cdng nghd, thidt kd, chd tao he thdng slid bao quan thdc quy md 1000 tdn/sild va bao quan gao 500 tdn/sild 6) Tap trung nghidn eiiu ky thugt sdy mdi dd sdy cac loai ndng san chdt lugng cao 7) Nghidn cim cdng ngheva thidt bj phuc vu cdng nghidp chd bidn, chd trgng chd bidn tinh sau, ehd bidn thuc phdm chiic nang va da dang hod sdn phdm tir lugng thue va rau qua 8) Nghien ciiu cdng nghd va thidt bi he thdng kho bdo qudn lanh, mat cd diiu Iiii Ueu hdu, edng nghd, vat lieu va thidt bj san xudt bao bi phue vu van ehuydn bao quan ndng san 9) Nghidn ciru tmg dung cdng nghe sinh hpc di tgo mpt sd chi phdm sinh hoc phuc ' ' vu bao quan ndng san 92 10) Nghien cuu va hoan thien he thSng thi^t bj phuc vu ctr gi&i hod chdn nuoi, trang bi chuong trai theo huong chan nuoi cong nghiep Co gioi hoa bao quan, che bien thuc an tuai xanh, cac dang thuc an t6ng hgp cho chan nuoi 11) Nghien cuu cong nghe dien va he thdng thiet bi /if ^gng hod phuc vu mot so day chuyen cong nghe san xudt, bao quan, che bien nong san va chan nuoi 12) Nghien cuu hoan thien cong nghe vd thiii bi sdn xuat nhiet dien dong kit hop tir phe thai nong lam nghiep phuc vu che bien va bao quan nong san 13) Nghien cuu hoan thien cong nghe va thiet bi sdn xudt vien ldm chdt dot tu ram, va cac phe phu pham khac, phuc vu cho sinh hoat nong thon va cho cac nganh cong nghiep 14) Nghien cuu cong nghe va thiet bi sdn xudt biodiezen, ethanol, phdn bon hitu cff vi sinh, thii'c an dai gia sue tu phu phe pham nong Iam nghiep va thuy san 15) Nghien cuu iing dung mot so cong nghe thich hgfp de xu' ly mdi tru&ng cac nha may che bien nong, lam, thuy san 16) Tang cuong sir phoi hgp vai cac Trung tam khuyen nong, Khuyen cong va cac don vi Uen quan de dao tao, tap huan, chuyen giao cong nghe thfch irng cho tung doi tuang san pham, nham sam ung dung tien bo ky thuat vao san xuat, nang cao hieu qua san xuat, kinh doanh nong san 93 ... Idt cho lua dat ty Id 50-70%> nam 2020 - Khdu thu hogch: Vao nam 2020, thuc hidn thu hoach lua bang may DBSH dat 50%), DBSCL dat 80%), chu ydu sii dung may gat dap lidn hgp ed tinh nang ky thuat... Cdng nghe sau thu hoach: - Ngoai Ilia gao thi cay an trai, rau cii qua, dau dd la nhirng ndng san chinh cua viing DBSCL Ton thdt sau thu hoach cua ridng lua gao tai Ddng bang sdng Cttu Long hidn... va cdng nghe sau thu hoach cua Vidn Co didn ndng nghidp va Cdng nghd sau thu hoach trinh bay Hdi thao de quy dai bidu tham khao: 1) Nghidn ctru thidt kd chd tao va hoan thidn ky thuat ciia mdt