THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
PHAT TRifiN BEN VlTNG VA VAN DE KHAI THAC TAI NGUYEN KHOANG SAN VIET NAM PHAM QUANG TIEN' NGUYEN THI H O I " Tdm tit: Khai thac hpp ly va su dung ti6t kl$m, ben viing ngu6n tai nguyen khoang san la mot npi dung can dupe dae biet uu tien chuong trinh phat trien bSn vung ciia quoc gia, bao gom cac hoat dpng \h khai thac hap ly va sii dung tiet kiem, c6 hieu qua tai nguyen khoang san, sCr dung tiet kiem la chii dao Viet Nam eo hon 1.000 mo lan nho dang duac khai thac Do quan ly ehua chat che nen tinh trang khai thac thieu quy hoach, khai thac bang cong nghS lac hau rat bira bai doi vai cac mo nho, da gay tinh trang that thoat tai nguyen khoang san, mat rung, xoi la dat, boi Iang va nhiSm moi trucmg song suoi, ven bien Nham muc dich sir dung hpp ly, tiet kiem, ben vung, lau dai nguon lire khoang san phuc vu eho cong cupc c6ng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa d§t nuoc, chiing ta can ap dung tong hap cac bien phap vh kinh tl, luat phap, giao due nham tao nhung ehuyen bien can ban ve nhan thuc eiia toan dan, chung tay bao ve nguon tai nguyen khoang san ciia dSt nuae SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE EXPLOITATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES IN VIETNAM Attract: Reasonable exploitation, economical and sustainable use of mineral resources is an important priority in the national sustainable development program, which comprises of various activities related to reasonable exploitation and effective use of mineral resources Among those, economical use of mineral resources plays a key role There are over 1000 mines being exploited in Vietnam Due to poor management, the unplanned and low technology based exploitation of mineral resources has brought about the loss of mineral resources, deforestation, soil erosion, sedimentation and pollution In rivers, streams and coastal areas For the purpose of making good, economical, and sustainable use of mineral resources to server the industrialization and modernization of the country, it is necessary for Vietnam to apply comprehensive economic, legal, and educative solutions to bring about critical changes in people's awareness and collaboration in mineral resource protection in Vietnam I Khai quat ve tai nguyen khoang san cua VietNam Khai thac hop ly va su dung tiSt kiem, bin vtog eac ngu6n tai nguyen thien nhien noi ,,, ~iL' ' '••1' chung va tai nguyen khoang san noi neng la , , , , , ^, i , i ^ , ^1 noi dung khong the thieu chuong trinh r , \ A ,, ~ ^ phat trien ben vung cua quoc gia, la mot noi '^ , , ^ , • dung can duge djc Met uu fren, bao gom cac hoat ddng ve kha thac hgp ly va sii dung tiet kiem, cd hieu qua tai nguydn khoang san, frong sit dung tiet kiem la chii dao So vdi nhieu nude fren the gidi va frong khu vuc, Vipt Nam cd nhOng lgi thi quan trgng vh tai nguyen khodng san Hien ca nuac co han 1.000 mo Ion nho dang duac ^hai thac Do quan ly chua chat che nen tinh ^r^S ^^' *^? thieu quy hoach, rat bua bai doi vai cae mo nho, da gay tinh trang that , , , - ,, , , , , thoat tai nguyen khoang san, huy hoai moi ^ , *x, ,,,% ,, Z ^ ,.x' i truang dat, tham thuc vat va gay nhieu su CO , f , , ' , - - u- i ^ i u • moi truang nhu sut la, sap ham lo khai ^j^,^ ^.^^ ^ j , ^.^•^ ^ „ | ^ j ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ,^ j ; ^ pj^^^g y , „ g j„„^ , ^(^^^ ^^^ 1^ j^dng nhit, ddng bd nen tinh trang thit thoat ,ji ^^^^ ^^ gjy g n],i|^ ^ ^ i j „ j „ g ^ ^ g trim ttgng hon Ben canh viec lam Iang pU tai nguyen khdng tan thu dugc ham luong • TS Pham Quang Tiin, Vlin Khoa hoc Giio dijc Viit Nam "PGS TS Nguyin Thi Hii, Tmdng d?/ /ipc Luit Hi Ndi Tap chi nghien ciru Bia ly nhin vin, so (S) • Thing 9/2014 khoang san hihi ich, viec khai thac ban^ cdng nghe lac hau cdn gay tinh tt^g mat rimg, xoi id dit, bdi ling va d nhiem sdng suli, ven bien Cac ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien duge phan chia loai khdng tai tao dugc va loai cd thi tai tao dugc, dd khoang san la loai tai nguyen khdng tai tao dugc Viee bao ve va sit dung tilt kiem, bin vung cac ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien cin dugc chii y dii vdi ca hai loai ndi fren vdi nhihig ehinh sach va bien phap quan ly thich hgp, nhung loai tai nguyen khdng tai tao can dugc dac biet chu y hon Phuong thirc khai thac, che biin va sir dung tai nguyen thien nhien ciing nhu phuong thire tieu dimg chung Men cdn nhilu bit cap, chua "than thien" vdi moi trudng nen da cd tac dpng xau den mdi trudng d nhilu vimg frong ca nude, de dpa sir phat friln bin viing, anh hudng true tilp din san xuit va dcri sdng xa hdi Men tai va tuong lai Vi vay, viec bao ve va sii dung ben viing cac nguIn tai nguyen thien nhien ndi chung va tai nguyen khoang san ndi rieng phai trd mgt muc,tieu quan trpng frong tit ca cac chiln luge, quy hoach, ke ho^ch ciing nhu cac du an phat friln d Viet Nam Theo bao eao cua Tdng cue Bien va Hai dao Viet Nam, sau tir 30m din 100m nude viing bd biin Viet Nam, eac nha khoa hpc da phat Men tilm nang Idn tai nguyen dia chit, khoang san ran day bien cd kha nang khai thac cdng nghiep Mdt sd md sa khoang cd y nghia kinh te nhu cac md cd chira Inmenit, Rutin, Monazit, Ziacon, Vang, Crdm, Titan cimg kim loai hilm di kem va eat thuy tinh Vl quang sit, Ion nhit Viet nam la md Thach Khe nim d ven hiln Ha Tinh ed trii lupng 532 trieu tan Vimg biin Hoang Sa va Trudng Sa cdn chiia dung tai nguyen ddt ddng bang, trO lupng loai tai nguyen tren the gidi ngang bang vdi ttii lugng diu va dang dugc coi la ngudn nang lupng thay thi diu toong lai gin Neu so sanh vdi eac nude d ttong khu vuc Ddng Nam A va thi gidi, nude ta ed dien tich dat liln khdng Idn, nhung vdi ngudn tai 46 nguyen khoang san da bilt thi cd thi xep vao hdng cdc nu&c cd nhiiu loai khoang sdn, co thi ke den nhu; (1) Diu khi, Trir lugng diu da dugc phat hien vao khoang 1,7 ty tin va dit vao khoang 835 ty m'; TrO lugng diu dugc dir bao vao khoang t^ tin va trO lugng vao khoang 4.000 ty m' (2) Than, than cd gia ttj kinh tl dirge tap trung chu ylu d bl than Quang Ninh; tdng frit lugng udc tinh eua than Triasie mudn la 6,6 ty tin Ngudn tai nguyen than nau d vimg chau thd Bic Bd vdi trtt lugng du bao gin 200 ty tin, nhung rit khd khan cho th^m va khai thac vi d dudi dp sau tir 200 den hem 4.000m dudi ddng bing (3) sat, cho den nay, tten lanh thi Viet Nam da ghi nhan dugc ban 300 md va dilm quang sit, chii yeu tap trung d phia Bic nhu; Yen Bai, Cao Bing, Thai Nguyen, Ha Giang, Ha Tinh; Viet Nam cd md sit thudc loai trft lugng trung binh la Thach Khe va Quy Xa (4) Titan, ixn lupng quang titan Viet Nam da xac djnh khoang 14 ttieu tin va du bao khoang vai ttam ttieu tan (5) Bauxit, cac md va diem quang bauxit Viet Nam cd gia frj phan bd chu ylu d Dak Lak, Lam Ddng, Kon Tum, Quang Ngai; tdng dien tich chiia bauxit len den gan 20.000 km^ vdi trir luong va tai nguyen khpang 2,3 ty tan (6) Vang, vang la mdt nhiing khoang san cd dien phan bd rdng nhit Viet Nam, cd nhieu ngudn gdc va quang hda khae (7) Dat Mem, Viet Nam cd ngudn tai nguydn dit hilm rat ddi dao, phan bd chii yeu ,d miin Tay BSe, gdm cac vimg M m Xe, Bdng Pao, Mudng Hum va Yen Bai; tdng tril lupng khoang 11 ttieu tin va du bao la 22 trieu tin (8) Apatit, d Viet Nam, ngudn tai nguyen apatit dupe tim thay d viing Lao Cai; tdng trii lupng khoang 1.669 frieu tin (9) Da vdi xi mang, duge phan bd rpng khip suit tit Bic chi Nam, song tap trung chu Pham Quang Uin, Nguyen Thi Hoi - Phat triin ben vung va yeu tu Quang Binh tra phia B4C; dien tich ehiia da voi gSn 30.000 km^ voi 96 mo (10) Da xay dung, bao g6m cac loai da magma (granit, xienit, diorit, gabrro, andezits, bazan, riolit), da trim tich (da voi, dolomit) va da bi^n chit (da philn, quaczit) Tuy nhien, danh gia ve tiem nang khoang san ciia Viet Nam chung ta thiy riing: fl/ Ve cdc khoang sdn ndng lira^g, Viet Nam khong co tiem nang lan ve cac khoang san nang lupng; Ddu da khai thac tren 300 trieu tin; vol san lupng khai thac nhu hien tai (gan 20 trieu tan quy dSu/nam) thi dau chi dam bao khai thac dupe khoang 30 nam nua se can kiet, vay cin tang cuong tim kiem tham de tang tru luong phuc vu lau dai; Than biin chdt cao (Anthracit) vai trG lupng da dupe danh gia dat hon ty tan can phai khai thac sau hang trSm met va han nua moi bao dam cho nhu cau phat trien kinh te Clia dat nuac; Than bien chdt thdp a duai sau dong bang song H6ng, du bao co tai nguyen Ion dSn vai tr3m ty tin nhung a dp sau hang ngan met duai long dat, dieu kien khai thac cue ky kho khan va phiic tap ca ve cong nghe, ea ve an sinh xa hpi va moi truang; Tiem ndng urani vd dia nhiet khong dang ke va chua duac tham danh gia trii lupng b/ Ve cdc khoang sdn kim ioai, Viet Nam CO nhilu khoang san kim loai nhung trii lupng khong nhiSu Rdt nhieu khodng sdn kim loai (vdng, bac, dong, chi, kem, thiec v.v ) the gidi rit can tru lupng khong co nhieu, chi khai thac may chuc nam niia se can kiet, thi Viet Nam cung khong co nhilu, khong dam bao tiSu dung nuac Mot so it khodng sdn Idm loai nhu bauxit, ddt hiim, ilmenit Viet Nam c6 nhieu, the gioi cung CO nhieu, song nhu cau hang nam khong Ion, nen chiing khong la nhOng khoang san "ndng", khoang san canh tranh de phat triln va Cling khong th6 xem la ciiu canh cua nIn kinh tl Vi?t Nam Trv lugmg bauxit cua Viet Nam khoang 2,1 ty tin va diing thii tren the gioi sau Guinea va Australia; hang chuc nam nay, nhu cau hang nam ciia the giai chi can khoang 200 trieu tin thi 132 nam mai het bauxit Tdi nguyen vd tru luong ddt hiem ciia Viet Nam khoang han 10 trieu tan diing thii tren the gidi sau Trung Quoc va My; nhu cau hang nam ciia the gioi chi can 124.000 tan thi hang tram nam niia mdi het dat hiem Tdi nguyen quang titan eiia Viet nam du bao vai tram trieu tan, the gioi co tai nguyen khoang ty tan va tru lupng dat 730 trieu tin; hing nam thi giai chi cin 6,4 trieu tan quang titan thi han mpt tram nam nua mdi het C/ Ve khodng chat cong nghi§p vd v^t ii^u xay dimg, Viet Nam co nhieu loai khoang chat cong nghiep va vat lieu xay dung phyc vu tot cho phat trien kinh te cua dat nude v^ CO the xuat khau mpt phan Tuy nhien, ehiing khong phai la khoang san co gia tri kinh te cao va tren the giai cung co nhieu, du diing nhieu nam nua d/ vi khodng sdn dd quy cac nha dia chSt da phat hien a Viet Nam co Ruby chat lupng cao, nhung tru lupng ehua ro, eac loai da qu^ khac Cling chua dupe phat hien nhieu Thuc te nhom da quy dupe phat hien Viet Nam ehua dong gop gi dang ke cho phat trien kinh te dat nuac Tdm lai: Viet Nam Id nuac co nhieu loqi khodng sdn nhung tm lucmg hdu het cdc loqi khong nhieu Mot so loqi khodng sdn nhu bauxit, ddt hiem ta cd tdi ngt^en du bdo dat tdm ca the giai, nhung the giai ciing cd nhieu vd khong co nhu cdu tieu thii Ian Dieu cd nghia Id loqi khodng sdn the giai cdn thi ta Iqi khong cd, md loqi khodng sdn ta co nhieu thi the giai lai khong cdn nhieu, khong CO nhu cdu Ian Ddy Id dieu cdn-^phdi duac quan tdm nghien cuu ddnh gid khdch quan giira cung vd cdu de co chien luac su dung tdi nguyen khodng sdn diing ddn, hap ly, phuc vu cho phdt trien kinh te cua ddt nude' Xem: web Tong hpi dia chat Vi?t Nam 47 T?p chi nghien cOv Dja ly nhin van, so (6) - Thing 9/2014 n Van dl khai thac hffp U, sir dung tilt kiem va ben virng tai nguyen khoang san Nham muc dich sii dung hgp ly, tiet kiem, ben vimg, lau dai ngudn luc khoang san phiic vu cho cdng cupc cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude, chiing ta can; (1) Tien hanh cdng tac kiem ke tdng the sd lupng, trii luong eac md khoang san da cd va da khai thac tren pham vi ca nude lam eo sd datih gia, nhin nhan mdt each diing dan, khach quan ve tiem nang tai nguyen khoang san cua Viet Nam; (2) Cd chien lupc dau to, diy manh cdng tac dieu fra, tim kiem, tham dd nhim phat Men nhirng md mdi phuc vu cho cdng tac khai thac, che biin, sir dimg tai nguyen khoang san frudc mit va lau dai Nha nude can cd co che, chinh saeh vl diu thiu quyln tham dd, khai thac ddi vdi tit ca cac md khoang san dl sdm tiin hanh viec thu lai ngudn vdn Nha nude da diu tu cho cdng tac tham dd ddi vdi cae md Men dang dugc eac td chiic va ca nhan khai thac; (3) Quy ho?ch mpt each cu thi ddi vdi timg loai khoang san, cd bien phap tang cudng day manh cdng tac su dung eac phuong phap khai thac tien tiin, chl biin sau nham nang cao hieu qua kinh tl, dam bao an toan mdi trudng, tranh tinh trang khai thac tran lan,^ xuit khiu khoang san tho khdng qua chl biin, xuit khiu tilu ngach din din nan "than thd phi", "quang tac" lam iang phi, thit thoat tai nguyen khoang san eua dit nude (4) Cd ehinh sach khen thudng xirng dang cho viec sii dung tilt kiem, hpp ly khoang san va cd chl tai xu phat nghiem khae eac hanh vi vi pham gay Iang phi, thit thoat tai nguyen khoang san frong hoat ddng khoang san (5) Nhimg boat ddng uu tien can lam Ve chinh sdch, phap luat: sir dung cac cong cii kinh te, hanh chinh va chl tai phap lu?t nham thuc hien kien quylt va ed Meu qua hon Luat Khoang san; ddng thdi kien 48 toan he thdng td chiic quan ly tai nguyen khoang san d Trung uong va cac dja phuong Ve kinh te: xay dung quy hoach thong nhit sir dung cac ngudn tai nguyen Idioang san va bao ve mdi trucmg; td chiic frinh tu khai thac md mgt each hgp ly, franh tinh frang md dl thi lam frudc, md khd tM bd lai, lam anh hudng tdi viec theo doi, danh gia va quy hoach khai thac khoang san; ban chl va sdm tiin tdi nghiem eim tinhfrEingkhai thac md mdt each tu phat, bira bai; doi vdi tai nguyen khoang san d dudi Idng s6ng, cin khoanh khu vuc khai thac, franh lam sat Id bd va thay doi ddng chay; tang diu to cho khau phyc hdi, tai tao va cai thien mdi trudng sinh thai d eac dja ban khai thac md Ve ky thuat: ddi mdi cdng nghe khai thac, sang tuyen va chl bien nhim tan dung tai nguyen khoang san va bao ve mdi trucmg; ap dung cae cdng nghe tien tiin dl sir dimg cac loai quang cd ham lugng thip nhim friet dl su dung khoang chit cac md, ddng thdi giam khdi lugng dit da thai, thu hep dien tich bai thai; thu hdi cac chit bilu ich tir cac bai thai quang dl lam sach mdi trudng va franh Iang phi tai nguyen; thirc Men bdi hoan eac d?ng tai nguyen sau khai thac nhu; hoan thi, trdng cay xanh, khdi phuc tham thuc vat, he sinh thai, tai sii dung chit thai d nhiing vimg md da khai thac Ve rthqn thicc: nang cao nhan thiic cho cdng ddng dan cu vl viec sir dung hgp ly, tilt kiem va bao ve tai nguyen khoang san; khuyen khich cgng ddng dan cu tham gia vao cac hoat ddng bao ve md khoang san, dac biet ddi vdi cac md nhd, phan tan va cac loji khoang san ed dp nhay cam cao vl kinh tl, dl gay d nhilm mdi trudng Ve giao due hpc sinh: khdng ndn danh gia tai nguyen thien nhien Viet Nam mpt each gian don va cam tinh; khdng ndn sir dung hit mdt loai khoang san nao dd ciia Trai Dit trude tim eac loai khoang san khac thay thi nd (vi du diu md thay cho than da ); khdng ndn sir dimg tdi miic can kipt cac loai tai nguyen thien nhien cd thi phuc hdi lai dupe (nhu; dpng vat, rimg, ) nhanh Pham Quang Tien, Nguyen Thj Hoi-Phat trien ben vung va hon qua trinh tvr tai tao, phuc hdi cua nd; khdng duge phep thai vao mdi mrdng tMen nMen cac chit dpc hai mdt lugng nhieu ban kha nang ty can bing cua nd; phat trien ben viing khdng cd nghia la eon ngudi phai chl ngu tu nhien ma la phai tdn trpng su tin tai va quy luat phat friln ciia ty nhien nhu la mdt tit ylu; phat friln kinh tl va BVMT khdng phai la hai ITnh vyc ludn ludn ddi nghjch Phat tridn kitih te mdt each "ben vimg" khdng nhOng khdng buy hoai mdi trudng, ma edn gdp phan lam giau, lam dep mdi trucmg; va ngugc l^i BVMT khdng cdn la ganh nang kinh te va tai chinh ddi vdi cac nha san xuat kinh doanh; dat yeu td mdi trucmg Idn vj tri ngang bang vdi su phat tridn kinh te - xa hdi, dua mdi trucmg trd mpt frong ba eye tam giac phat trien ben virng cua dat nude, ben cgnh kinh te va xa hpi; khdng nen cho rang; ngudi dirng ngoai ty nhien va thdng ttj tit ca cac dang sinh vsit sing khac Viec cd ging thdng trj thien nhien se din din cac Id hdng Idn ve mat sinh thai Trong nMeu ttucmg hgp, viec dung hda cupc sdng giiia ngudi vdi mdi trucmg ty nhidn se tdt hon eho ea hai phia, thi du; khdng xay dung nha d tten cac sdng, ngan can viee ddt chay rimg ty nhien ; tai sddung, tai che se la giai phap BVMT tdt hom so vdi viec ddt hiiy cae chit thai; to Wdng phat ttien bin viing phai dugc giao dye cd he thdng tir tudi in tha vdi ndi dung va phuong phap thich hgp III Lu|t khoang san nam 2010 va mot so diem luu y Tinh hinh thijrc thi Tdng kit 13 nam thuc hien luat Khoang san (1996-2009), cip Trung uang da cip 353 giiy phep khai thac md, cip dia phuang cip tdi 3.822 giiy phep khai thac md Cac tinh cip giiy phep khai thac md nhilu nhat la Binh Thuan (200), VTnh Long (155), Ydn Bai (152), Cao Bang (142), Lam Ddng (136), Nghe An (126), Lai Chau (124), Lao Cai (121), Thanh Hda (101)1 chua kl nan ' Theo PGS.TS NguySn Khac Vinh, Chu tjch t6ng hpi dia chit Vi?t Nam quang tac hoanh hanh ngang nhien d cac tinh miin mil Nhilu lo^i khoang san nhu ddng, cM kem, antimon, than xuit thd tilu ngach sang nude ngoai iam that thoat dang ke va can kiet tai nguyen khoang san cua dit nude Sau 13 nam thi hanh, Lujt Khoang san dugc Qudc hdi khda IX thdng qua nam 1996 va duoc svta ddi, bd sung mot sd diiu vao nam 2005 da hoc Id nhieu bat cap, vucing mac ttong qua trinh thyc Men Vi vay, viec xay dung Luat Khoang san 2010 la can tMet de tiep tuc day nganh cdng nghiep khai khoang phat triln, tang cucrng hieu qua quan ly Nha nude ve khoang san Neu nhu Luat Khoang san nam 1996 chi cd 66 dieu the Men 12 ehutmg thi Luat sira ddi lan cd 86 dieu the Men 11 chuong Trong dd, Luat 2010 da bd sung them 48 diiu mdi hoan toan ve ndi dung va sira ddi, bd sung 38 dieu dugc giir lai tir Luat cu Ben canh vi|c bd di 02 chuong Clia Lu|t 1996 la "Khao sat khoang san" va "Khen thudng, xir phat", Luat sira ddi da ket eau lai va bd sung 06 chuang mdi Cac chuong mdi niy tap trung vao cae nhdm van de; chien luge, quy hoach khoang san; bao ve khoang san chua khai thac; dieu tta ca ban dja chat ve khoang san; khu vyc khoang san; bao ve mdi trudng, sii dung dat, nude, ca sd h? ting ttong boat ddng khoang san; tai chinh vl khoang san va dau gia quyen khai thac Ichoang san M$t so dilm lull f cua Luat Khoang san 2010 Thu nhdt, frach nhiem quan ly Nha nude giira cac cap, eac nganh dugc quy djnh cu thi hon; Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng la co quan chiu trach nhiem trade Chinh phii viee thuc Men nhiem vu quan 1^ Nha nude vl khoang san tren pham vi ca nude Cdn ddi vdi cac Bd, nganh cd lien quan thi Luat khdng quy djnh ma giao cho Chinh phu phan cdng, giao nhipm vy nhim dam bao sy thdng nhat ttong cdng tac quan ly Nha nude ve khoang san giiia cac Bd, nganh d Trung utmg Ddi vdi Uy ban nhan dan cac cap tM trach nMem quan ly Nha nude ve khoang san tai cap CO sd dugc tang cudng Cy the, Uy 49 T-?p chi nghien cm Bia ly nhin vin, so (S) - Thang9n01*_ ban nhan dan cip xa cd ttach nhiem thyc Men cac bien phap bao ve moi frnrdng, bao ve khoang san chua khai thac, bao ve an ;iinh, ttat tu tai khu vyc cd khoang san; bao cao Uy ban nhan dan cip huyen vl hoat_ddngi|thoang san tai dja phuong; toyen ttuyin, phd, bidn, giao dye phap luat vl khoang san; kiem fra, xd ly vi pham phap luat vl khoang san theo tham quyen Thu hai, Luat Khoang san nam 2010 danh mdt Chuong rieng dl quy djnh vl bao ve khoang san chua khai thac Ddi vdi Uy ban nhan dan cac cip, Uy ban nhan dan cap tinh, cip huyen cd trach nhiem huy ddng va phoi hgp vdi eac luc lugng fren dja ban de giai tda, ngan chan tinh frang khai thac khoang san frai phep; Uy ban nhan dan cip xa cd frach nhiem phat hien, ngan chan kjp thdi cae boat ddng khai thac khoang san trai phep, phii hgp vdi cac eo quan chiic nang bao ve khoang san chua khai thac Ddi vdi lye lugng cdng an, quan dpi thyc Men nhiem vy diu ttanh phdng, chdng tdi pham ITnh vye khoang san; bao ve khoang san chua khai thac tji khu vuc bien gidi, hai dao, Ben cjnh dd, Luat cung quy dinh nguin kinh phi dam bao cho cdng tac bao ve khoang san chua khai thac dugc bd fri frong dy toan ngan sach hang nam Thir ba, xoa bd eo che "xin - cho" cap quyen khai thac khoang san; nghTa la de dugc khai thac khoang san thi td chiic, ca nhan phai nop tien cap quyen Ichai thac khoang san thdng qua dau gia quyln khai thac khoang san nhim dam bao tinh cdng khai, minh bach, tang thu eho ngan sach Nha nude v.v Thic tic, quy djnh rd hon vl trach nhiem eiia td chirc, ca nhan khai thac Ichoang san ddi vdi dia phuong noi cd khoang san dugc khai thac nhu; hd trg dau tu, nang cip, tu, xay dyng tang ky thuat, cdng trinh phue Ipi; sii dung lao ddng dia phuang vao khai thac khoang san va cac djch vy cd lien quan; nlu gay thiet hai din ting ky thuat, cdng trmh, tai san thi tiiy miic dp phai cd frach nhiem sira chira 50 Thu nam, quy djnh ca chl vl viec xa^hpi hoa boat d$ng diiu tta co ban dja chat ve tai nguyen khoang san Ben c£inh dd, Lu?t khoang san nam 2010 cdn diiu chinh, sua ddi, bd sung them cac quy djnh vl boat ddng khoang san, giiy phep boat ddng khoang san, phan cip thim quyln cip phep, chien lupc quy hoach khoang san Mdi day Chinh pha vira ban hanh Nghj dinh so 15/2012/ND-CP 9/3/2012 quy djnh chi tilt thi hanh mgt sl diiu cua Luat khoang san nam 2010 Nghi djnh ghi ro; cae quy dinh vl nguydn tic, diiu kien, thu tuc diu gia quyln khai thac khoang san khdng thudc pham vi diiu chinh cua Nghj djnh Nghj djnh gdm chuong 46 diiu quy djnh vl; quy hoach khoang san, didu fra CO ban dja chit vl khoang san, khu vyc khoang san; quy dinh vl ho^t dgng khoang san; thim djnh, phe duyet trii lugng khoang san; khai thac khoang san, ddng cita md khoang san; thu tuc cip phep boat ddng khoang san, phe duyet tm lugng khoang san va ddng cita md khoang san; tai chinh ve khoang san Nghi djnh cd Meu lye thi hanh kl tir 25/4/2012 Theo dd Nghi djnh sd 160/2005/ND-CP 27/12/2005 eua Chinh phu quy djnh chi tilt va hudng din tM hanh Luat khoang san (nam 1996), Luat sura ddi, bd sung mpt sd diiu ciia Lujt Khoang san (nam 2005), Nghj dinh so 07/2009/NDCP 23/01/2009 ciia Chinh phu siia ddi, bl sung mpt sl diiu cua Nghj djnh sd 160/2005/ND-CP 27/12/2005 ciia Chinh phu quy djnh chi tiet va hudng din thi hanh Luat khoang san va Luat sira doi, bo sung mdt sd dieu cua Luat Khoang san hit Mpu luc kl tir 01 thang nam 2011 Ton t^i Luat va Nghj djnh chi diiu chinh vipc lap quy hoach va dau gia theo quy hoach, chua de cap den frach nhiem cua cac ea quan quan ly Nha nude frong viec thyc Men quy hoach Quy ho?ch cd dugc triln khai hay khdng, nIn kinh tl cd dugc dam bao du ngudn nguyen lieu khoang san hay khdng thi l£ii khdng cd CO quan nao chju trach nhiem Pham auang Tien, Nguyen Thi Hdi • Phit trien ben virng va Viec ban hanh van ban quy pham phap luat vl quan ly, khai thac khoang san vin chua ddng bd Qua thuc tiin tM hanh da bpc Id rit rd bit cap, vi dy; Luat da duge Qudc hdi ban hanh frong thdi gian dai nhung chua cd van ban hudng din tM hanh Cu thd; Luat Khoang san ban hanh to nam 2010, nhung din 09/3/2012 mdi ed Nghi djnh hudng din tM hanh The nhung Men Lujt ciing vin chua thi hanh dugc vi edn phai chd thdng to hudng din thi hanh NgM djnh! Mat khac, boat ddng quan 1^, khai thac khoang san lien quan trye tiep den dat dai, mdi trudng, hen quan den phap luat diu to va xay dung, vi vay viec ch|m dieu chinh Luat Khoang san da iam gia tang tinh khdng ddng bp vdi cac van ban phap luat cd lien quan (Luat Dau to, Luat Dat dai, Luat Bap ve mdi tradng ) Tir dd, lam anh hudng khdng nhd den cdng tac quan ly Nha nude ve khoang san frdn dja ban Khi ban hanh cac van ban dudi luat hudng din tM hanh, tM tinh phap ly lai thap, tinh thuc tien chua cao dan den hifu qua thyc thi chua dat yeu cau Ngoai ra, cdng cy kinh te duge ap dung frong boat d^ng khoang san edn cham ban hanh, ddi mdi cho phii hgp vdi yen ciu thuc tiin Clia boat dgng khoang san Don cir nhu phap lu|t vl thue tai nguyen khoang san sau kM ban hanh, da dugc diiu chmh, bd sung nhung quy djnh ve bilu thul suit vin cdn thip, ehua phii hgp tinh Mnh phat triln kinh te - xa hdi hien Tir dd, anh hudng den ngudn thu cho ngan sach Nha nude, ddng thdi khdng khuyin khich td chiic, ca nhan khai thac khdng tiet kiem va khdng cd Meu qua tai nguyen khoang san, lam tdn thit nguon tai nguydn cua dat nude Bi^n phap khac ph^c, hoan thien can phai tiep tuc sua ddi, bd sung ttong van ban quy pham phap luat vd quan ly, khai thac khoang san thdi gian tdi, tap trung chu yeu la; quy djnh ro hon vl bao ve khoang san ehua khai thac; viec quy dinh cho phep hd kinh doanh khai thac khoang san lam vat heu xay dung thdng thudng va khai thac tan thu can phai ro rang, cu the, cdng bang Van de ddng Clia md phai quy djnh chat che, dam bao viee bao ve, cai tao, phuc hdi mdi trudng, ttanh tinh ttang chdng cheo, trimg lap ndi dung, gay pMen cho cdng ddng xa hpi Cdng tac thiit ke md cho din vin ehua dugc hudng dan cy the, gay nen tinh ttang lung ting cdng tac quan ly Nha nude ve khoang san Dac biet, viec khai thac cat sdi long sdng lam vat lidu thdng thudng phai dugc dua vao Luat Khoang san dl diiu chinh Hi^n nay, van ban hudng din thi hanh cdn bd ngd, chua quy djnh rd ndi dung khai thac eat, sdi long sdng Do dd, thuc tien t^ii nhilu dja phuang, viee thyc thi quy djnh ehua thdng nhat, hieu qua chua eao Co quan cd tham quydn can nghien ciiu de dua lo^i khoang san phan tan nhd, le vao quy che diu gia quyen khai thac khoang san, tao mdi tradng phap ly cho td chiic, ca nhan cd nhu cau tham gia, franh tinh frang khai thac frai phep nhu hipn Ddng thdi, quy djnh rd hon ve co che dam bao hai hda loi ich Nha nude, doanh nghiep, ngudi dan dja phucmg noi cd khoang san td chiic khai thac Djc Met, sdm ban hanh he thdng van ban hudng din thi hanh Luat Khoang san nam 2010, Nghj djnh 15/2012/ND-CP, tjo co sd phap ly thyc hien Meu qua ehinh saeh phap luat ve quan ly, khai thac khoang san fren dja ban cac dja phucmg./ TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1) Qu6c hOi Luat s4 60/2010/QH12 Lu$tkhoing sin 2010 2) Tap doSn cang ngtii$p Than - Khoing san Vi#t Nam (2008), 'Bia chit khoing sin cic mi than khoing V/V 3) CMC Oja chat va Khoang san Viet Nam XB (2009), 'Bia chit vi Til nguyin Viit Nam" 4) Pham Quang Ti^n (2010), Tii nguyin khoing sin, dit rimg, nude vi du lich cia vCing Tmng du vi miin nu Bic Bi phit triin kinh ti vimg din nim 2020 theo hiring bin vmg Ki ylu hOi thio khoa hpc "Tai nguySn khoang san va phat triin b4n vftng d Vi$t Nam', T6ng h^i dia chit &Lian hi^p cac hOi KH&KT VN&Vi?n tu vin phat triln t6 chirc, tr.204-214 5) Trang thing tin di$n tO cua Tdng hOi dia chit Vl^t Nam, Hdi khoang san http:/Aongholdlachat.vn/ 51 ... ciia Viet Nam chung ta thiy riing: fl/ Ve cdc khoang sdn ndng lira^g, Viet Nam khong co tiem nang lan ve cac khoang san nang lupng; Ddu da khai thac tren 300 trieu tin; vol san lupng khai thac... Guinea va Australia; hang chuc nam nay, nhu cau hang nam ciia the giai chi can khoang 200 trieu tin thi 132 nam mai het bauxit Tdi nguyen vd tru luong ddt hiem ciia Viet Nam khoang han 10 trieu tan... tac bao ve khoang san chua khai thac dugc bd fri frong dy toan ngan sach hang nam Thir ba, xoa bd eo che "xin - cho" cap quyen khai thac khoang san; nghTa la de dugc khai thac khoang san thi td
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