Tap chi phdt trien bin vUng viing So 4(10) ndm 2013 LIEN KET TRONG QUAN LY CHAT THAI RAN SINH HOAT DO THI TAI VIET NAM Nguyen Thi Thuc Theo bao cao Hien trang mdi trUdng qudc gia 2011, nhin chung, hieu qua quan ly cha't thai ran thUc te chUa cao, tdn tai nhieu ba't cap, mfle dp lien ket gifla cac yeu to, eac ben lien quan cdn long leo Ty le thu gom tai cac dd thi dat tfl 70% den 90% nhung ty le chdn la'p d mfle 62% den 87%, dd 50% la chdn la'p khdng hdp ve sinh Ty le tai che tha'p, dat mfle - 12% lUdng thu gom, cha't thai hflu cd chi tan dung dUdc ehUa den 10%, (Bd TNMT, 2011) Trong cae tai lieu ve quan ly cha't thai thi quan ly tdng hpp cha't thai dupe gidi thieu nhU la mdt phUdng thflc quan ly thich hdp nha't dd'i vdi cac nude cd thu nhap trung binh va cae nude ed nen kinh td chuyen ddi (Nguyen Danh Sdn, 2008) Quan ly tdng hdp cha't thai cung ca'p mdt hudng tiep can phi truyen thd'ng ve quan ly cha't thai, tfl bd each tiep can tap trung vao cdng nghe xOt ly (chdn la'p, tai che, tai svt dung ) mdt each rieng re, ddn le Quan ly tdng hdp cha't thai xem xet mdt each tdng the cac khia canh can thiet nha't lien quan tdi quan ly cha't thai la mdi trUdng tu nhien, xa hdi, kinh te, the che vdi sfl tham gia ciia cac ben lien quan vao cac phan ciia he thd'ng quan ly cha't thai (phdng ngfla thu gom, tai s{f dung, tai che, ebon la'p) Theo Virginia Maclaren va cdng sU, (2006) thi thuat ngfl "tdng hdp" cd nghia la lien ket, ket nd'i hay phd'i hpp vdi Quan ly tdng hpp cha't thai bao gdm it nha't ba loai phd'i ket hdp sau: - Phd'i ket hpp cac chien Ifldc quan ly cha't thai - Phd'i ket hdp cac khia canh xa hdi, kinh te, luat phap, the che, mdi trUdng va cdng nghe quan ly cha't thai - Phd'i ket hdp y kien flu tien va nang liie cung cap dich vu cua cac ben lien quan Cd the coi sU lien ket gifla cae chien lUdc quan ly la bd khung xUdng thi sU phd'i ket hdp cua hai nhdm: cac ben lien quan va cac yeu to kinh te xa hdi khac chinh la nhflng phan "da thit" dupe dap len "bd khung xUdng", tao sii hoan thien va xay dUng sflc manh tdng hdp chien lUdc quan ly tdng hdp Bai viet nham nhan dien, danh gia cae lien ket eac md hinh tham gia quan ly cha't thai ran khu vflc dd thi tai Viet Nam diia tren ly thuyet eua quan ly tdng hdp cha't thai; phan tich mdt so' rao can cac lien ket va tfl dd de xuat mpt so' giai phat tang * Thac sy, cdn bp nghien cUu Phong Lien ket vd Hgi nhap Phdt trien bin vitng viing, Vien Nghien cUu PTBV Viing Nguyin Thi Thuc 28 cUdng lien ket quan ly chat thai tai khu vUc dd thi Sii lien k e t t r o n g mo h i n h q u a n ly c h a t t h a i r a n t h i t a i Viet Nam TrUde thiic trang d nhiem mdi trudng cac chat d cac khu vUe dan cU, nha't la d cae dd thi (thanh phd, thi xa, thi tra'n), da ed nhieu hinh thflc td ehfle thu gom va xii ly cha't thai phat sinh Theo he thdng quan ly nha nUdc, ed the phan chia cac md hinh tham gia quan ly chat thai sinh boat tai cac thi Viet Nam bao gdm: md hinh doanh nghiep (nha nUde hoac nha nUdc mdt phan), va cac md hinh xa hdi hda cac td dpi, hpp tac xa tU quan Tai hau het cac phd', Cdng ty TNHH MTV Mdi trudng dd thi, gpi tat la URENCO ddng vai trd chinh yeu boat ddng thu gom, van chuyen, x.ii ly cha't thai ran sinh boat cua cac phd; cac doanh nghiep tU nhan, cac HTX, td tfl quan thu gom cd nhiem vu thu gom chat thai tai cae khu vflc nhat dinh vi du nhU khu dan cU, khu thUdng mai, trung tam mua sam, cac dia ban xa di lai khd khan, ndi ma URENCO khdng the bao phii bet va tap ket cha't thai tai cac bai dd tam hay cae tram trung chuyen de URENCO van chuyen den ndi x\i ly hoac chdn lap Theo ca.ch tiep can cua Quan ly tdng hdp cha't thai, md hinh doanh nghiep, bay md hinh huy dpng cdng ddng tham gia quan ly cha't thai deu bao gdm sii phd'i hdp, lien ket cua ba nhdm yeu td' cd ban: Phd'i ket hdp eac chien lupe quan ly cha't thai; Phd'i ket hdp y kien Uu tien va nang lUc cung ea'p dich vu cua eac ben lien quan; va Phd'i ket hdp eac khia canh xa hdi, kinh te, luat phap, the che, mdi trUdng va cdng nghe quan ly cha't thai 1.1 doanh Lien ket nghiep mo hinh Phdi ket hop cdc chien lUdc quan ly chdt thdi: Day la md hinh ddng vai trd chinh yeu quan ly cha't thai tai eac thi nen nd t h a m gia thflc hien ta't ca cac khau, eac chien Ifldc quan ly tfl thu gom den tai che, tai sii dung, trung chuyen, van chuyen va thai bd, chdn la'p Chinh vi vay, cac lien ket d day bao gdm day du cae lien kdt, cu the: Lien ket tam: lien kdt dpc quy trinh quan ly ve mat ky thuat tfl giam ngudn thai - xa thai • thu gom - van chuyen - chdn la'p - Ngoai cac lien ket ngang bao gdm eac lien ket gifla cac chien Ifldc chuyen ddng van dpng cua cha't thai khd bai ehdn lap d eac edng doan khac quy trinh quan 1^; giam ngudn thai, tai svt dung, tai chd, lam phan hflu cd va thu hdi nang lUdng Su phd'i ket hdp cua cac phUdng an giam lUdng thai vao mpt quy hoach quan ly cha't thai la cd sd de xac dinh lUdng cha't thai can thiet phai thu gom, chdn la'p giiip cho nha quan ly chu dong phfldng an thu gom va thiet ke bai chdn la'p hdp ly va hieu qua 29 Lien ket quan ly chdt thdi rdn sinh hogt Giam nguon thai i NL ft doc /chat thai SXSH i Thu ;om TaiSD Taiche i phan HC Dot thu NL Trungchuyen Van chuyen w Thai bo/ Chon lap Hinh 1: Lien ketgiita cdc chien lUOc quan ly chdt thdi Lien ket giita cdc ben lien quan: Md hinh tren the hien mpt quat eac cd quan lien quan hinh thu gom doanh nghiep hien tai Cae lien ket chu yeu each khai md nha nUde gdm: Lien ket ndi bd gifla URENCO vdi cae vien, chi nhanh ciia nd tai eac quan huyen va cac doanh nghiep, td dpi, hdp tac xa thu gom tai cae xa, phUdng Lien ket ve mat quan ly hanh chinh gifla eac ed quan chuyen trach thu gom vdi ddn vi quan ly hanh chinh tfl UBND TP, den Sd TNMT va Phdng Tai nguyen mdi trUdng triie thudc UBND cac quan huyen va phUdng xa UBND TP UBND Quan, huyen i UBND PhUcfng, x a Lien ket gifla URENCO va cac vien vdi he thd'ng cac doanh nghiep tfl nhan, eac to dpi tfl quan khac cflng tham gia quan ly cha't thai ran sinh boat tren cung mot dia ban Lien ket gifla cae ddn vi thu gom vdi cae dd'i tUdng xa thai nhu eac hd gia dinh, cae cdng sd, trUdng hpc, sieu thi, Ngoai eac lien ket diia tren nhiem VU quan ly, URENCO eon cd cac lien ket khac vdi cac cd quan nghien eflu, eac td chflc khac ca va ngoai nUde cac va'n de nhU hd trp hoac hdp tac nghien eflu, dao tao, chuyen giao edng nghe, URENCO DN tii n h a n CT M T Q u a n , huyen CQNC HTX, toVdoi •-* Hp gia dinh HTX, to/doi VSMT 4-> NGO Cong sd Hinh 2: Lien ket giiia cdc hen lien quan qud trinh quan ly chdt thdi Nguyin Thi Thuc 30 Lien ketgiita cdc yeu to'khac Mdi mdt chien lUdc quan ly cha't thai deu chiu tac ddng cua ta't ca cac yeu to ve chinh tri, kinh te, xa hdi, tai chinh, phap luat, the che, cua dia phfldng dd URENCO la cdng ty nha nUdc, thudc sii quan ly trflc tiep ciia UBND phd hoac cac Sd thi sfl dang budc hay phu thudc vao cac yeu to cang the hien rd hdn Xa hoi Chinh tri Kmh te \ / \ / Ke hoach quan ly moi tri^Ging Cong nghe Moi tracing Phap luat The che Hinh 3: Lien ket I phoi hap giUa cdc yeu to khac vdi he hoach quan ly mdi trUdng 2.4,2, Lien ket mo quan ly diia tren cong dong hinh Cung tuong tu nhu mo hinh doanh nghiep nha nU6c, cac mo hinh xa hoi hoa cung bao gom sU phoi hdp, lien ket ciia ba nhom yeu to co ban.Tuy nhien, quy mo thudng nho hep nen cac lien ket cac nhom yeu to'ciing ddn gian hon Phoi ket hop cdc chien lUde quan ly chat thdi: V6i quy mo nho hep, cac nguon lUc han che, cac mo hinh xa hoi hoa thong thudng chi tham gia vao mot vai khau qua trinh quan ly, chil yeu la thu gom, van chuyen va tap ket tai cac diem trung chuyen hoac cac diem tap ket tam thdi Cac cong doan xii ly tiep theo gom: van chuyen, xv( ly, chon lap vln phai nhd ddn cac UEENCO Cac lien ket chi gom cac lien ket doc quy trinh quan ly ve mat ky thuat til thu gom van chuyen/trung chuyen Lien ketgiHa cdc ben lien quan: Cac ben lien quan mo hinh quan ly dUa tren cong dong ciing bao gom ba ben chii yeu: Cd quan nha nUdc, ddn vi thu gom va cong dong Cac lien ket giiia cac ben gom: -Lien ket giQa cac vien to doi, HTX; -Lien ket ve mat quan ly hinh chinh: Thong thUcIng, cac to doi, HTX dUdc lap dudi sU chu tri, h6 trd cua chinh quyen phUdng, xa nen chiu sU quan ly hanh chinh cua ho; -Lien ket giiia cac td doi, HTX vdi cong dong dan cU; -Lien ket giiia cac td doi, HTX vdi va vdi URENCO; -Lien ket vdi cac cd quan nghien ciiu, cac td chiJc khac cac v4'n de nhU hS trd hoac hdp tac nghien ciiu, dao tao, Lien ket quan ly chdt thdi rdn sinh hoat Lien ket giiia cdc yeu to'khde: Tuy la quy md nhd, eac td, dpi, HTX thu gom cha't thai vln chiu tac ddng 2ua ta't ca cac yeu to' chinh tri, kinh te, xa hpi, tai chinh, phap luat, the che, cua dia phUdng dd 31 dinh eua Luat BVMT lai thudc trach nhiem ciia Bd Xay diing O ea'p (fia phUdng: Theo Nghi dinh sd81/2007/ND-CP thi ehfle nang quan ly nha nUdc ve BVMT ndi chung (bao gdm quan ly cha't thai) d ea'p dia phUdng dUdc Cd the tha'y, cac md hinh cho thay sU giao cho Sd Tai nguyen va Mdi trfldng da dang va dan xen cua cac mdi hen he, Tuy nhien, theo Nghi dinh sd lien ket gifla cac yeu td va gifla cac 13/2008/ND-CPthi ehfle nang quan ly nha nUdc ve CTR sinh boat thi lai md hinh quan ly Tuy nhien, thflc trang chuyen sang Sd Xay diing Chinh vi vay, qua trinh quan ly cha't thai khu vUe dd d mdi dia phUdng chflc nang quan ly thi da cho tha'y, hieu qua chung ciia qua CTR dupe giao cho eac ddn vi khac trinh quan ly cha't thai la khdng cao: Ty Dien hinh nhU tai Hai Phdng, le thu gom tai cac dd thi dat tfl 70% den Hue cdng tac quan ly CTR dUde giao 90% nhung ty le chdn la'p d mfle 62% den cho Sd Xay diing Nhflng tai Ha Ndi, Da 87%, dd 50% la chdn la'p khdng hpp Nang, Tp Hd Chi Minh, cdrig tac lai ve sinh Ty le tai che tha'p (8 - 12% lUdng UBND tinh, phd chiu trach thu gom), cha't thai hflu ed chi tan dung nhiem (trUde day giao cho Sd Tai nguyen dfldc chua den 10%, (Bd TNMT, 2011), va Mdi trUdng) Chinh sii khdng tfl dd ed the nhan dinh rang lien ket gifla thd'ng nha't dau md'i quan ly CTR tai cac yeu to va gifla cae md hinh nhieu dia phUdng da khien cho cdng tac quan ly d mfle dp thap Cac ban che hay quan ly CTR d Trung Udng cflng khdng rao can cua hen ket chu yeu nam d cac thd'ng nhat (Bp TNMT, 2011) yeu td the che, tai chinh, va y thflc trach nhiem cua cac ben Uen quan ngudi Cdng tac quan ly CTR sinh hoat tai cac thi van chii yeu dupe thUe hien bdi Cac rao can lien ket t r o n g q u a n eac Cdng ty dich vu cdng hay dich vu cdng ly chat thai r a n sinh hoat k h u vtfc ich cua Nha nUde Hoat ddng cua eac ddn thi vi cdn manh miin, khep kin 2.LVethech^ to chUa dia gidi hanh chinh, phan tan, khdng Sfl phan cdng phan nhiem chdng chep dii nang lUe (ca ve nhan liic va phfldng gifla cac cd quan ly ca d ea'p dp trung tien, thiet bi) Hdn niia vdi md hinh quan Udng den dia phUdng, tao nhflng Id hdng ly hien phd bien mang tinh rieng biet quan ly, giam hieu qua eua ea bd may: tiing dd thi, chUa cd sfl gan ket hdp tac giai quyet cac va'n de mang tinh lien Vi du nhU: vung, hen tinh d mdi dia phfldng, O ea'p trung Udng: Ve nguyen tae, URENCO lai tnie thudc cac ddn vi quan Bo Tai nguyen va mdi trUdng chiu trach ly khac (Sd Xay diing, Sd Tai nhiem trUdc Chinh phu viec bao ve nguyen va Mdi trUdng hoac uy ban nhan mdi trfldng, dd cd linh viic quan ly dan tinh, pho) dan tdi khdng cd cha't thai Tuy nhien, viec x\i ly CTR ddn vi dau mdi thd'ng nha't, cdng tac quan sinh boat, cha't thai lang nghe theo quy ly CTR khd tim dUdc tieng ndi chung 32 2.2.Ve khia canh kinh te tdi chinh Mae du ngudn tai chinb dau tU cho quan ly CTRSH khu vUc dd thi la kha da dang, nhien van cdn thieu hut nghiem trpng va chUa can dd'i gifla cae linh vflc dan den viec giam hieu qua cho ca chudi lien ket: Cd ca'u phan bd ngan sach dang danh hdn 90% cho boat ddng thu gom va van chuyen chat thai (Bd TNMT, 2011), Do vay, chi phi danh cho xv( ly, tieu huy cha't thai hien la ra't tha'p Mdt nhflng khd khan ma cac doanh nghiep tfl nhan va to chflc kinh te ngoai qudc doanh, boat dpng linh vflc quan ly CTR dang gap phai la va'n de tai chinh dau tfl cho cd sd tang xii ly CTR Trong vdn dau tU cho viec mua sam trang thiet bi cflng nhfl ed sd tang ddi vdi mdt ed sd quan ly CTR la rat ldn nhflng thdi gian thu hdi vd'n lai dai, dac biet la va'n de vay vd'n dd'i vdi cae doanh nghiep cdn gap nhieu khd khan Nhin chung, eac mfle phi cho dich vu quan ly CTR chiem ehUa den 0,5% ehi tieu cua cac hd gia dinh, day la mfle cha'p nhan dUdc dd'i vdi nhieu nUde dang phat trien Tuy nhien, tdng thu tfl eac loai phi dich vu quan ly CTR chi# dap flng dUde khdng qua 60% tdng chi phi van hanh, tu va bao dfldng he thd'ng quan ly Tai nhieu dd thi, tdng thu tfl cac loai phi dich vu tham chi chi chiem khoang 20-30% (Bp TNMT, 2011) Ty le tha'p hdn ra't nhieu so vdi cac dd thi eua cae nude tren the gidi Thiie te hien khdng cd mdt dd thi nao ciia Viet Nam dam bao mfle thu bu chi Mac du dUdc bao ca'p ra't ldn tfl ngudn ngan sach trung Udng va dia phUdng, nhUng vkn Nguyin Thi Thuc chUa ed du ngudn lUe can thiet, dac biet la cho eac boat ddng tieu buy CTR, da din den tinh trang la cac khu xii ly hien dang dUdc van hanh va tu, bao dudng khdng dung ky thuat va khdng an toan Dieu cho tha'y, mac du ngan sach cho quan ly cha't thai van tang qua eac nam nhUng ddu tu cho hoat ddng van hanh cdn thidu la nguyen nhan de dpa tinh ben viing eua cac khoan dau tfl 2.3.Vey thiicy trdch nhiem cua cdc ben lien quan Quan ly tdng hpp cha't thai ran chi co the edng neu nhu cae co gang dat dUdc tat ea cae khau, cae boat dpng, cac chu the ed lien quan tdi qua trinh van ddng Ngoai nhflng khd khan ve ngudn Iflc, cdng tac quan ly mdi trfldng ndi chung va quan ly cha't thai ran ndi rieng d Viet Nam phai d6i mat vdi thach thflc ldn bdn, dd la sfl han che ve nhan thflc eua edng ddng; sfl thieu y thflc, trach nhiem eiia cac ben lien quan Sfl han che nhan thflc cd kbi lam can trd, tham chi la triet tieu cac ngudn liic khac Vi du nhu sU tha't bai cac dii an huy ddng cdng ddng tham gia nhfl dii an 3R, chien dich ndi khdng vdi tiii nilon, Dieu cho thay day thflc sii la mdt va'n dd quan trpng dat can dddc chu y, Uu tien giai quyet nhu la dieu kien tien quyet cho viec tang cadng sfl phdi hdp, lien ket cac yeu td', gdp ph^n thuc day hieu qua ciia phfldng thflc quan ly tdng hdp cha't thai ran d nUdc ta thdi gian tdi Mot so khuyen nghi Thflc trang lien ket md hinh quan ly cha't thai dd thi tai Vi^t Nam la da dang, nhien mfle cdn long leo, Lien ket quan ly chdt thai rdn sinh hoat tham ehi la dan xen, chdng cheo Cac rao can xua't phat tfl nhieu phia, dd ed the ke den nhiing yeu to cd ban nhu: the che chinh sach, kinh te tai chinh va y thflc cua cac ben tham gia, Dudi day de tai de xua't dua mdt so khuyen nghi nham ban che cae rao can, thuc day sii hen ket: Hoan thien he thd'ng chinh sach, xda bd sii chdng cheo phan cdng phan nhiem, tang eudng sfl phoi hdp, hen ket gifla cac yeu td' quy trinh quan ly tdng the: - Ra soat danh gia hieu lUe, hieu qua cua he thd'ng chinh sach, tfl dd bd sung, hoan thien dam bao cho cae chinh sach la hoan chinh va dong bd; - Ra soat, sfla ddi, bd sung eac van ban quy pham phap luat cd hen quan den CTR, siia doi cac quy dinh ve chflc nang nhiem vu, phan edng trach nhiem cua cae ed quan tham gia edng tac quan ly CTR tfl cap Trung Udng den ca'p dia phfldng dam bao sfl ddng bd va thdng nha't; Bd sung hoan thien eac quy dinh ve quan ly cha't thai, phe lieu, san pham thai bd; quy dinh, hfldng dan ve phan loai, thu gom, van chuyen va xk ly CTR bang cac cdng nghe xii ly phu hdp, tang hieu qua tai che, tai sti dung va giam thieu tdi da chdn la'p Tang eUdng sfl phdi ket hdp gifla cac chien Ifldc quan ly la yeu to' quyet dinh dd'i vdi hieu qua md hinh, giam ap Ifle cho nhiem vu chdn lap cha't thai, mpt nhflng va'n de nan giai nha't hien quan ly CTR dd thi Xay diing va thflc hien cae md hinh hdp tac cdng tfl (PPP), nha nfldc va nhan 33 dan cung lam BVMT: - Cac nghien eflu da khang dinh: hpp tae PPP la sfl liia chpn phu hdp vdi xu the hien nham thu hut mpi ngudn vd'n cho cdng tac mdi trfldng, dac biet la cho phan xay dflng tang Tuy nhien cung cl,n phai ra't than ap dung Viet Nam chUa ed hang lang phap ly Vi vay, de thiic hien hieu qua md hinh PPP can tiep tuc hoan thidn chinh sach, hanh lang phap ly ve PPP cho giai doan thi diem, chi dao lua chpn du an thi diem, bd' tri ngudn vd'n, tang cfldng nang luc ve PPP, keu gpi cae ngudn hd trd nUde ngoai viec phat trien chfldng trinh - Thflc hien cd phan hda cae doanh nghiep nha nUdc dang cung iing dich vu mdi trudng, tao sU binh dang, khuyen khich sii tham gia cua ta't ea cae phan kinh te cung ea'p dich vu Nang eao nhan thflc cdng dong, khuyen khich boat ddng phan loai cha't thai tai ngudn - Thu hiit edng ddng tham gia quan ly cha't thai, tang cfldng vai trd cua cdng ddng quan ly cha't thai la mdt viec lam can thiet Thflc hien eac cd che hd trd de ngUdi dan ed cd hpi tham gia md hinh quan ly cha't thai dfla vao cdng ddng Cac nhdm cdng ddng dia phfldng cd the dam nhan trach nhiem thu gom cha't thai, mua cae trang thiet bi, thu phi va quan ly he thd'ng thu gom, khuyen khich edng ddng tham gia eac chUdng tnnh phan loai cha't thai tai ngudn de san xua't phan compost - Cai thien each phd bien thdng tin cho cdng ddng ve quan ly CTR va cac giai hap x i ly, tieu buy cha't thai Can thflc Nguyin Thi Thuc 34 hien cae hoat ddng nang eao nhan thflc cho edng ddng ve nhflng tac hai gay quan ly cha't thai khdng diing quy each cung nhu trach nhiem cua ngUdi dan phai ehi tra cho cae dich vu quan ly chat thai tot hdn Cae ehUdng trinh giao due edng ddng c^n dUde thiet ke phu hdp cho mpi ddi tupng cdng ddng, ke ca cho bpc sinh d eac trfldng phd thdng Cac chfldng trinh nen nham vao muc tieu cung ea'p nhiing kien thflc ed ban ve ve sinh, cac y tfldng sang tao va thflc tien ve cae chfldng trinh xa hdi boa de chuyen giao mot phan trach nhiem quan ly chSt thai cho eac nhdm cdng ddng Tang cifdng va da dang hoa ngudn dau tfl tai chinh -Tang CUdng va da dang hda ngudn tai chinh ebo quan ly CTR tfl: ngan sach nha nfldc; cac dfl an, chfldng trinh tai trd va ngoai nfldc; Quy Bao ve mdi trudng Viet Nam; Quy Bao ve mdi trudng ciia dia phUdng; huy dpng vdn tfl cdng ddng (doanh nghiep tfl nhan), Nguyin Dfle Ddng (2010), De tai ea'p bd" Giai phap thflc d^y hen ket vi sii phat trien ben vflng vung kinh te trpng didm Bac Bp, Vi$n Phat trien ben vflng viing Bac Bd, Ha Ndi Virginia Maclaren va cs, 2006, Bai viet "Cha't thai phuc vu nen kinh te^', Dii an Kinh te chat thai, Bd Ke hoach dau tfl Ha Npi Nguyin Danh Sdn (2001), Giao trinh Kinh te cha't thai phat triin bin vflng, Nha xua't ban Chinh tri qudc gia Ha Ndi Nguyin Danh Sdn (2008), Du an Dilu tra, danh gia, tdng kdt eac md hinh dich vu mdi trfldng d dd thi, ndng thon; de xua't ed che, chinh sach nhan rdng Bo tai nguyen va mdi trfldng Ha Npi Le Hoang Viet, Nguyin Vo Chau Ngan, Nguyen Xuan Hoang va Nguyin Phuc Thanh (2011), Quan ly tdng hdp cha't thai ran - each tidp can mdi cho -\S\x tien dau tU, hd trd cho viec phat cdng tae bao ve mdi trudng, Tap chi trien cac cdng nghe x i ly, tai che CTR phu Khoa hpc, Dai hpc Can Thd, 2011 hdp vdi didu kien kinh te - xa hdi, hau Phung Hoang Van (2007), Luan va thuc trang CTR cua Viet Nam van thac sy: Nghien eflu, de xua't md -Xay dflng, ban hanh va hfldng din hinh hieu qua cdng tac quet dpn, thu cae chinh sach flu dai ve thue, da't dai, gom va van chuyen cha't thai ran sinh tai chinb cho cac boat dpng phuc hdi mdi hoat tren dia ban Thanh phd Hd Chi trudng cua cac ed sd xii ly, chdn la'p CTR Minh, Dai hpc KHTN, DHQG Tp HCM TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bp Tai nguyen va mdi trudng (2011), Bao eao mdi trfldng qudc gia 2011 • Cha't thai ran, Ha Ndi, 2011; Nguyen Thanh Vinh (2008), Lu^n van thac sy: Quan ly cha't thai ran sinh boat cho quan Thanh Xuan phd Ha Ndi theo hfldng xa hdi hda, Dai hpc kien true, Ha Ndi ... ehfle thu gom va xii ly cha''t thai phat sinh Theo he thdng quan ly nha nUdc, ed the phan chia cac md hinh tham gia quan ly chat thai sinh boat tai cac thi Viet Nam bao gdm: md hinh doanh nghiep (nha... rao can cua hen ket chu yeu nam d cac thd''ng nhat (Bp TNMT, 2011) yeu td the che, tai chinh, va y thflc trach nhiem cua cac ben Uen quan ngudi Cdng tac quan ly CTR sinh hoat tai cac thi van chii... Thflc trang lien ket md hinh quan ly cha''t thai dd thi tai Vi^t Nam la da dang, nhien mfle cdn long leo, Lien ket quan ly chdt thai rdn sinh hoat tham ehi la dan xen, chdng cheo Cac rao can xua''t