E] KHOA HQC • CONG N G H I : NGHIEN Cim HIEU QUA KINH TE KHI SUf UUNG THIlT K HCTS NANG CAU KHA NANG TAI CUA LlTdl T R U Y I N TAI DIEN TRONG THI TRUONG DIEN Le Quang Hii" » 'Vl6n Dl&n-Dal hoc Bdch Khoa Hd Ndi 'Khoa Phdng Chdy-Oai hoc Ptidng Chdy chOa Chdy T M TAT Nang cao k h i nang tii cua It/dfi truyin tM didn \h vide l i m can thiet de nang cao h i ^ q u i tniyen tii, tii nang cao h i ^ q u i kinh te cua thj t r U ^ g dien Mdt nhufng bifn phap nang cao k h i nang tii dja luoi truyen t i i di^n la stjf dung h^ thdng truyen t i i xoay chieu linh ho^t (FACTs-Flexble AC Transmission system).Trong bai bao nay, tic g i i t f p trung nghien cufu hifu q u i kinh t^khi siJrdvng thiet bj bii d^cTCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor) nang cao k h i nang t i i cua lUdi truyen t i i di^n thj trUcrng di^n x i y mach I.GldlTHIEU Trong thi trudng dien, mach khdng bao gid bj loai bd hoan toan, vl de loai bd mach sd tdn r^ nhieu tien va dan den chi phi truyen tai eao Nghen mach tdn tai d mijfc thi trudng chap nhan duoc Bdi vl mach khdng phai xay thudng xuyen va d cic mufc khac van hanh ludi dien Khi xay mach, nha m i y dien va ngUdi diing dien d nai mach phii t r i chi phi mach: Nha may dien phat it hdn g i i ciing thap hdn; Phu t i i phii mua dien gia cao hon cic bien phap dieu khien daac thUe hien Tuy nhien, mdt sd nha m i y dien cd ehi phi san xuat cao lai dupc loi, mpt sd phu t i i cung duoc loi, gia dien re hdn d nut cua hp NhUng tdng the thi thiet hai nhieu han x i y mach Bill totSn T: Cho mdt g i i trj nhat djnh cua thiet bj FACTS, lan luoc d i t thiet bi FACTS tai cic didm khac tren ludi truyen t i i dien, tinh ldi feh xa hpi hay chi phisSn xuat tiiy tiing dieu kien cu t h ^ chpn mdt hoac vii vj tri bu eho Ipi ich xa hpi Idn nhat Bdi todn 2: Tinh chon cdng suat bii cho mot vj tri bii da chpn d bai toan 1, cho cdng suat thiet bj FACTS bien thien, tim gia tri bii cho lai ich xa hpi max Tfnh t i n g thdm M ich xa hoi = loi ich xa hdi sau d f t thiet bj FACTS • ^ ich xa hdi tntdc d^t thiet bj FACTS [11 Tinh chi phi cho thiet bj FACTS, so sanh kinh te nit ket luan Neu dp gia tang loi ich x i hdi Idn hon chi phidat thiet bj FACTS thj viec dat thiet bj FACTS la hieu qua 11.2 Tinh dd tang ^ ich xa hpi dat thiet bj FACTS Theo thdi gian mach ngiy cang t r i m trong, thiet hai xa hdi cang eao VI viy, dau tU nang cao kha nang t i l sijf dung thiet bi FACTS se p h i i chi phi vdn, nhUng lai giim di thiet hai hay ndi each khic dieu dd l i m tang thdm loi ich xa hdi (nhidu ngudi duoc sCf dung dien) Khi dp tang lai ich xa hdi Idn han chi phi nang cao k h i nang tai thi dd la tin hieu cd the dau tUthiet bj FACTS nang cao k h i nang tai cua ludi dien Tuy nhien, dau t u chf thUe sued the thuc hien ma n h i dau tu nhan thay k h i nang thu hdi vdn mdt khoing thdi gian hp chap nhan dupe, khoing dudi nam [1], II LUiDkN CHUTNG K I N H T ^ T H I E T Bj FACTS 11.1 Bii toan ch9n thiet bj FACTS Trong he thdng dien nhilu nut va nhanh khep kin, sif g i i m cdng suat den nut nao dd se khdng xay ra, vl cdng suat se di theo dudng vdng v i cd cic n h i miy ^en dSt tidn hon tham gia p h i t cdng suat Tuy nhien ban chat van de khdng ddi, Ipi ich xa hdi chung toan he thdng dien se tang len cd dat thiet bj FACTS Can bSng cdng suat dUde tinh chung cho toan he thdng dien, tai nut nao cdng suat phu tai lay cdthe khac cdng suat may phat bom vao Khi cdng suat t i i Idn hdn cdng suat phat tai nOt thi p h i i cung cap them cdng suat tif niit khac, ngUdc lai cdng suat phat di den cac niit khac Mdt nut cung cd the chf cd cdng suat phat vao (nut ngudn) hoac cdng suat ISy (nut tii) Bai toan chpn thiet bj FACTS gdm p h i n : -chpn vj tri Trong hd thdng didn thuc te, ngutf mua khdng dua dat thiet bj FACTS; 2-chpn cdng suat thiet bj FACTS g i i thau mua m i chl yeu cau mua het cdng suit phu tii nao 12 I Bien Jk B&i song KHOA HQC - CONG NGHt Q dd (hinh 1) Trong trUdng hdp nay, g i i bien nut (LMP-Locational IVlarginal Price) duoc tinh theo ti^u chf: Chi phi san xuiit dien nho nhat tinh theo h i m gia ciia cac ngudn phat Phy t i i ydu cdu PDmax P-MW Hinh Gid biin not tlnh theo ti6u chichi phi sdn xudt nhd nhdt Loi ich xa hot t i n g thdm dat thiet bj FACTS, d day liTCSC (hinh 2) dUpc tinh nhUsau [2,3,4]: LMP XTCSC ~ H inh D6 tdng thdng di/mua vd bdn ddt TCSC - B p tang thang du mua trudng hop tat ca phu t i i deu duac cap dien (Hinh 2a): Thing du mua va ban duac tinh cho tat ca cic niit rdi lay tdng de cd tdng gia tri thing du tang thdm hay Ipi ich xa hpi tang thdm, chinh la Ipi ich thu duoc sd dung th let bi TCSC va duac ky hieu l i R\CSC^%I\\) [1,2,3]: - Do tang thang da mua tradng hop (Hinh 2b}; ATOM, = - (A,, - ^cscXPoTcsc + Poo.) Rrcsc = Y.ATDM^ +Y,ATDB, (2) - D o t i n g thing dUban (Hinh 2c): d day: N la sd nut ciia he thdng dien 11.3 L9i I'ch sur dLing TCSC A7Z>5, = - i^csa - K ')^PGTCSC + -^GO ) Lai tife TCSC hang nam dUOc xac djnh theo bieu thirc sau [1,3]; Trong do: \^ l i LIMP nut i trudc dat TCSC; Rj^sc = ^csc-^"^^ •", S/ nam (5) •rcsQ- '^ ^^^ '^^^ ' ^^" ^^^ dat TCSC; d d i y ; u la he sd sir dung trung binh cua TCSC nam He sd phan anh hoat ddng ciia thj trudng dien Pgo^ PGTCSQ' '^ '^^"Q 5"^^ P^^^ *^' " ^ ^ ' ^'^^^^ ^^ ^^^ '*^' ^rong nam v i su tham gia cua thiet bjTCSC vao van hanh ' ^Doi' 'DTCSQ' '^ ^ ° " ^^^^ ^ dat TCSC; Chi xay mach thi TCSC mdi cd t i c dung ^^' ^'^^ i'trudc va sau han che mach va lam giim LMP Khi khdng cd mach, TCSC chi cd anh hudng nhd den tdn that , v^., luu"* A„« s P„ : a cong suat t i i max mua het cong suat, , '^T'"' ,, , Jz „ _ - , ^ , trUdc va sau dat TCSC nhU dien nang chir khdng anh hudng den gia bien niit thi ^ '^ ;*•- ' u - - L , , ,, , trUdng dien tmh gia bien nut theo md hinh chieu (DC_ ^ _,,^ ^ „ , _ „ ^ , , , i u u ,3 ^t LDirect Current) thi TCSC khong i n h hudng den gia bien niit neu khdng xay mach tang t h i n g dUmua v i ban d mpt sd nut cd the am Bien dk Befi songl 13 S KHOA HQC - CONG NGHf: Ml.vidspapdvng 11.4 Chi phi cho thiet bi TCSC Ap dung cho lucri dien tren hinh 3: co nut va 13 -Trong tinh toan kinh t^, gia cua TCSC dacrc tinh theo dudng day Thong so nut vh thong so dudng day cua iir^ bieu thufc sau [1,3]: dien trinh bay being vi being Chon 5^^= 100 MVA -„c = 0,00155'.0,71305 + 153,75, %/kVAr (6) Trong do; S = S„.5,.-5|, =12; - g j [1] -Chi phi ciia TCSCC,„^ = C„„„.S (7) - Chi phi hang nam cho TCSC tinh theo cong thu'c [2,3,4]: c;; = C„s, '•(l-t-r)" (1+ ' • ) " - ! (8) Hinh So ludl dien nOt Trong dd: n l i sd n i m dU i n ; r l i he sd chiet khau Bing Thdng s6 nOt cOa li/OI dl6n Nut (MW) 90 Qo (MVAr) (MW) fo™., (Mw") Qon,i„ (MVAr) Qo»,„ (IVIVAr) 60 300 -100 120 P„ (MW) 70 130 60 200 -90 120 160 60 300 -120 160 Qo (MVArl U (pli) 40 U^-kV 0,9 110 0,9 no no no no no no no 0,9 70 40 70 40 0,9 120 60 0,9 100 60 0,9 u (p3 0,9 0,9 Bing ThOng so nhdnh TT Nut dau Nut cuoi R(pu) X(pu) B(pu) (MVA) 1 0,07 0,14 0,053 80 0,07 0,14 0,053 80 3 0,07 0,14 0,053 80 0,09 0,18 0,068 80 0,07 0,14 0,053 80 S 0,07 0,14 0,053 80 0,07 0,14 0,053 80 B 0,07 0,14 0,053 80 0,07 0,14 0,053 80 10 0,07 0,14 0,053 80 11 0,07 0,14 0,053 80 12 0,07 0,14 0,053 80 13 0,09 0,18 0,068 80 Chi phi san xuat cua cac nguon phat: C = aP' + bP + c,USD/h Trong do: a, b, c ia cac he so dugc xac djnh theo bang [3,4], 14 Dien & Oi/i song '".^"""rS?^ KHOA HOC - CONG NGHt: Q Bing Cic hS so chl phf sdn xudt cua cdc nguon phdt Nut phat a ($/MW"h) 0,025 0,025 0,025 b($/MWh) 25 20 15 c(S/ll) 0 Ldi feh SUf dung: Phu tai mua het cdng suit max Pj, bing tren III.1 Tinh chedd ban dau Ap dung chUOng trinh MATPOWER Version 4.0b5,13-Dec-2010 ~ AC Optimal Power Flow [5] tinh che dp max n i m Ta dupe ket qua: + Gia tri h i m muc tieu: Chi phf sin xulit min: 10230,5 S/h + Bien i p , cdng suat nut v i LMP^,: Nut S U(pu) 1,050 1,003 1,050 0,995 1,050 0,985 0,953 0,982 6(d6) 0,000 -2,140 0,537 -2,262 -0,534 -3,083 -4,682 -2,675 Tong P™ 88,51 Q™ 35,55 142,15 49,75 218,61 119,85 449,26 205,15 P„ Qn 70,00 40,00 70,00 40,00 70,00 120,00 100.00 430,00 40,00 60.u0 60.00 240,00 A.($/IVlWh) 29,425 31,359 27,107 28,042 25,930 33,287 41,920 28,384 Gia bien nut d nut chinh la gia bien khdng tinh den tdn that dien nang, dd chinh la LMP cua nha may dien dat nhat la nha may dien 1: 1^, = dl/dp = 2.0,025(Pg,) + 25 = 0,05.88,51 -H 25 = 29,425 S/MWh -I-Ddng dien nhanh: 10 11 12 13 Nut dau 1 2 3 4 5 Nut cuoi 7 P, 36,72 51,79 -41,19 30,32 45,90 53,77 -33,40 7,74 46,16 71,30 42,51 24,07 2413 Q 14,32 21,23 -14,76 10,11 15,96 22,06 -24,40 2,78 23,71 36,29 27,05 3,17 11,70 P -35,67 49,72 42,84 29,34 -44,34 -51,54 34,52 -7,67 -44,36 -67,09 -40,79 -23,57 -23,46 Q, -17,82 -22,57 11,74 -14,65 -18,38 -23,07 21,10 -7,84 -26,59 -33,21 -29,09 -12,14 -17,53 Tonq DP 1,045 2,073 1,282 0,936 1,564 2,232 1,123 0,063 1,303 4,204 1,717 0,502 0,670 19,264 DQ 2,09 415 2,56 1,97 3,13 446 2,25 0,13 3,61 3,41 3,43 1,00 1,34 38,53 0\Ji/ng day 5-7 bi qua t i i , do LMP cua niit len den 41,92 $/MWh Van de dat dat TCSC cd mang lai lai feh kinh te hay khdng? III.2 Chon vf tri d^t thiet bj bii TCSC Lay gia trj bu TCSC = 50% c i m khang dUdng day, lan li/dt dat TCSC tren tirtig nhanh, tfnh ham muc tieu, qua tai, chpn nhanh bu cd h i m muc tiSu nhd nh^t ddng thdi khdng cd nhanh qua t i i Tien hanh tfnh toan vdi MATPOWER [5] ta cd ket qua tinh toan ehi tiet trinh bay bang Bien Jk Bd^ songl 15 E] KHOA HQC - CONG NGHt Bing Chon vj trlMt thiet bl bCl TCSC Nhanh dat TCSC 1-2 1-6 2-3 2-7 3-4 3-8 Tonq CPSX($/h) 10226.78 10203,08 10195,48 10182,58 10260,15 10267,65 Qua tSi 5-7 5-7 5-7 Ithonq 5-7 5-7 Nhanh dStJCSC 7: 4-5 8: 4-8 9: 5-6 10: 5-7 11: 5-8 12: 6-7 13 2-5 Tonq CPSX (S/h) 10217,33 10230,65 10185,33 Ithonq hoi tu 10215,66 10182,12 10188,69 Qua tii I 57 5-7 Ifhong 5-7 5-7 5-7 K^t q u i tu'bing ta nhan thay - Khdng d i t bii TCSC tren dUdng d i y q u i t i i l i m q u i t i i n i n g th^m, cd thd ddn mdc khdng dieu chfnh dUpc neu khdng eSt bdt t i i (bai toan khdng hdi tu) - Nen chpn d i t bu TCSC deae dudng day cd t i e dung g i i m q u i t i i , dd l i cic dudng d i y cd mdt dSu ndi vao nut dau v i nut cudi cua dudng day qua t i i , hay l i tren dudng day ndi tif ngudn den dudng day qua t i i Trong vidu l i cic dudng day 2-7, 5-6 Dat bu d cac dUdng day xa han khdng tac dung g i i m nghSn mach III.3 Tinh thdng sd bii Chpn cdng suit bii d i t tai nhanh 2-7 va 5-6: Cho cdng suat bii thay ddi tU 60% ddn 10% tlnh h i m mucti^uchi phi sin xuat, chpn cdng suit bii ufng vdi h i m muc li&u nhd nhit Sau so sanh chpn dUdng day d i t TCSC v i cdng suat TCSC Tien hanh tfnh toan vdi MATPOWER [5]tacd k e t q u i t i n h toan chi tiet trinh b i y bing Bing Sdng so sdnh chon di/irng ddy ddt TCSC Vd cdng sudt TCSC Dung iupng TCSC-pu 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Chi phi $/h 10189,95 10185,33 10182,23 10181,61 10190,30 10207,32 OUoing day: 5-6 DP-MW 19,843 19,685 19,579 19,411 19,254 19,215 Qua t i l Khonq Khonq Khong 5-7 5-7 5-7 Chi phi $/h 1018489 10182,58 10181,14 10184,45 10194,22 10209,78 OUolng day: 2-7 DP-MW 19,676 19,592 19,507 19,327 19,233 19,215 Qua tii Khonq Khonq 5-7 5-7 57 5-7 Ket q u i : Dat TCSC tai dudng day 5-6, dung iuong bu mCfc 40% l i tdt nhat )C^^^^ = 40%.0,14.121 = 6,776 W 111.4 Tinh kinh t^ a-Ti'nh che dp dat TCSC tai dacTng day 5-6, dung lilUng bii 40%: Ap dung ehuong trinh MATPOWER [5] tinh che dp dat TCSC tai dUdng day 5-6 vdi dung lUpng bii l i 40% Ket qua duoc + Gii tri h i m muc tl^u Chi phi sin xuat min: 10189,95 $/h + Dien i p v i cdng suat nut, LMP^^^^; Nut U(pu) S(d9) p 1,050 1,004 1,050 0,995 1,050 0,989 0,955 0,982 0,000 1,319 1,528 -1,127 0,744 -1,568 -3,440 -1,540 Tonq 62,43 "mac 43,76 140,77 49,93 IB I Men Jt De/I song 246,38 449,58 P„ Qo 70,00 40,00 70,00 40,00 70,00 120,00 100,00 430,00 40,00 60,00 60,00 240,00 109,45 203,14 UrKWVWl) 28,121 28,934 27.039 28,741 27,319 29,681 30.661 29.091 K H O A HQC - CONG NGHf: Q -I-Ddng dien nhanh: 10 11 12 13 Nutdau 1 2 3 4 5 Nut cuoi 7 P,i Q 27.81 3461 -42,81 26,83 44,36 52,25 -3486 7,74 67,36 71,18 44,00 27,53 27,81 18,06 25,70 -13,49 10,92 16,62 22,70 -23,59 2,78 18,04 3497 26,35 8,42 9,71 P, -27,04 -33,33 44,16 -26,05 -42,87 -50,10 36,03 -7,67 •64,20 -67,05 -42,23 -26,90 -2703 DP 0,771 1,281 1,355 0,829 1,492 2,150 1,169 0,063 3,160 4128 1,773 0,629 0,779 19,579 Qr, -22,11 28,65 10,61 -15,79 -19,19 -23,88 20,38 -7,84 -19,76 -32,05 -28,28 -12,17 -15,32 Tonq DQ 1,54 2,56 2,71 1,66 2,98 430 2,34 0,13 3,79 8,26 3,55 1,26 1,56 36,63 b-Tinh dp gia tang Itfi ich xa hpi: Sau xacdjnh dupe vj trf dat TCSC va dung lUdng biitdt nhat tinh dp gia tang M ichxa hdi (bing 6) Bang 06 gia tdng Igi Ich xa hdi Nut P„^-MW P„-MW P«T„=-MW Ij 88,51 62,28 29,425 31,359 27107 28,042 25,930 33,287 41,920 28,384 70 142,15 140,80 218,61 246,39 70 70 120 100 w 28,121 28,934 27039 28,741 27319 29,681 30,661 29,091 Tonq DTD„, DTD, S/h -76,04 84,375 -9,60 -24465 22495 126,21 675,54 -35,35 966,12 d day: DTD„ tinh theo cong thiJc (1); DTD, tinh theo conq thuTc (3) Tong idi I'ch xa hoi tang them cho che tlnh thdi gian g[iJla:R^^^^ =966,12%/ h Tong Ipi ich xa hoi tang them nam theo (3.23b) vdi u = 40% ia: KSc = Kcsc X 8760 X a = 966,12 X 8760 x 0,4 = 3385284,48 S c-Tinh chl phi hang nam cho TCSC: Gia don vi cOa TCSC tinh theo (6): Corcsc = 0,00155' -0,71305-1-153,75, Taco: SIkVAr = j a - e i | = |18,04-23,7l|=5,67MK^r Thay vao cong thiJc tren tinh dugc C„^,^=149,75$/l