KINDS OF ADVANCED SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS Writing Skill Sentence Transformation Patterns BÀI GIẢNG CHUYÊN SÂU BỒI DƯỠNG HỌC SINH GIỎI – MÔN TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN ĐỀ 7 BỒI DƯỠNG KIẾN THỨC NÂNG CAO[.]
Writing Skill Sentence Transformation Patterns BÀI GIẢNG CHUYÊN SÂU BỒI DƯỠNG HỌC SINH GIỎI – MÔN TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN ĐỀ 7: BỒI DƯỠNG KIẾN THỨC NÂNG CAO VỀ CÁC DẠNG SO SÁNH TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ DOUBLE COMPARATIVES I REVISION OF BASIC TYPES OF COMPARISONS II We use double comparatives to say that something is changing continuously, or that something is increasing A Comparative and Comparative: cang Short adjectives and adverbs: bigger and bigger E.g Your English is improving It’s getting better and better It’s becoming harder and harder to find a job More and more people travel from England Long adjectives and adverbs: more and more difficult E.g Health care is more and more expensive B The comparative + (S + V), The comparative + (S + V): cang …, cang … short adjectives and adverbs E.g - The bigger the better, the more the merrier, the cheaper the better, the shorter the better - The sooner we leave the sooner we will arrive - The younger you are, the easier it is to learn - The more electricity you use, the higher the bill will be - The bigger they are, the faster they fall - The more I look into your eyes, the more I love you Long adjectives and adverbs E.g - The more beautiful she is, the more miserable she gets - The more difficult lessons are, the more bored we get Mixed double comparatives E.g - The hotter it is, the more terrible I feel - The more you study, the smarter you will become III Other Forms of Comparisons Comparison with “The same + (n) + as …”: giống như, … với Model: My garden is as beautiful as yours => My garden is the same beauty as yours My house is as high as his (same) Mai and Mary are the same age (as … as) This bridge is as long as that one (same) My flat is the same size as hers (as … as) He is as light as his friend (same) This road is the same width as that one (as … as) This street is as narrow as that one (same) Adjectives and corresponding Nouns heavy/ light: weight big/ small: size wide/ narrow: width old: age deep/ shallow: depth short/high: height long/ short: length The same as different from Không dùng different than Sau số ví dụ khác so sánh danh từ These trees are the same as those He speaks the same language as she Her address is the same as Rita’s Their teacher is different from ours She takes the same course as her husband Much/ Far Writing Skill Sentence Transformation Patterns So sánh khơng ngang nhấn mạnh cách thêm much far trước cụm từ so sánh: much/far + short adj + ER + than, much/far + more + long adj + than A waterlemon is much sweeter than a a lemon./ Henry’s watch is far more expensive than mine so sanh boi so – gap 2, lan … So sánh bội số so sánh: nửa (half), gấp đôi (twice), gấp ba (three times), Không sử dụng so sánh mà sử dụng so sánh bằng, so sánh phải xác định danh từ đếm hay khơng đếm được, đằng trước chúng có many/much This encyclopedia costs twice as much as the other one Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year At the clambake (cuộc dạo chơi biển) last week, Fred ate three times as many oysters (con sò, hàu) as Bob So sanh hon voi so dem: E.g - He is years older than me - PRACTICE ON COMPARISONS Writing Skill Sentence Transformation Patterns I Double Comparative They produce a lot of paper They need a lot of wood pulp => The more …………………………………, the more …………………………………………….… If you drive faster, it is more dangerous => The … The crowd became increasingly angry at the long delay (the …, the …) => The … The value of a picture depends on how famous the artist is => … How well I sleep depends on how late I go to bed => … I don’t spend much time with my family because I work so hard => … The traffic moves very slowly as more cars come into the city => … How much you sweat depends on how hot you get => … The idea becomes less attractive as I think about it more => … 10 How much petrol a car uses depends on the size of the engine => … 11 It’s hard to concentrate when you are tired => … 12 The service of a hotel depends on how expensive it => … 13 He has never behaved so violently before => He is behaving … 14 People no longer smoke so many cigarettes as they used to => The … 15 As television programs become more popular, they seem to get worse => The more … 16 There weren’t nearly as many people there as I had expected => There were far … 17 My boss works better when he’s pressed for the time => … 18 Compared with their counterparts 20 years ago, the highly educated now receive vastly higher salaries => The highly educated now … 19 As he grew older, he became more and more forgetful => The … 20 As I listened to the music on repeated occasions, my request for the composer increased => The more … 21 We should spend as little money as possible => The less … 22 Their excitement was increasing all the time (excited) => They were getting … 23 Prices just get higher all the time? (and) => Prices … 24 If you sleep longer, you will be more relaxed => The longer … 25 As he grew more impatient, he became more unruly => The more … 26 As I listened to the music on repeated occasions, my respect for the composer increased => The more 27 His behaviour is beginning to annoy me more and more => I am beginning to … II Popular Comparisons Apples are not so cheap as oranges (dearer than) => … When I was younger I used to go climbing more than I now => Now … She knows a lot more than I => I don’t know … Helen can play the piano better than Elizabeth => Elizabeth … I thought this meal would cost more than it did => This meal didn’t … Couldn’t you find a better hotel? => Is this …………………………………………………………………? I think that no city in the world is more beautiful than Paris Writing Skill Sentence Transformation Patterns => I think Paris … Andrew hasn’t many friends Claire has lots of friends (popular) => … This train is more convenient than all the others (most) => This train … 10 I’m not as fit as you (am) => You’re … 11 The table and the desk are the same size (big) => The table … 12 This crossword is the easiest (difficult) => This crossword … 13 This is Ann’s favourite soap opera (… the most.) => … 14 Arnold speaks French much better than his sister does => Arnold’s sister … 15 A bus is cheaper than a taxi (less) => A bus … 16 She was suitably impressed with the painting => She was as … 17 You won’t reach the station in less than twenty minutes => It will take … 18 No situation is more depressing than being unemployed => Being … 19 Nobody in the world can run fast as Fleetfoot => Fleetfoot … 20 These two boxers weigh exactly the same => There is no … 21 It was more of an argument than a discussion => It was not so … 22 He is more a lecturer than a teacher => He is not so … 23 She listens more sympathetically than anyone else I know => She is a … 24 Skyscrapers in the USA are on average taller than anywhere else in the world => The average … 25 I was surprised how hard I had to work when I became a teacher (EXPECTED) => I had to …………………… when I became a teacher 26 There aren't any trains earlier than this one =>This is _ 27 The return fare is double the single fare twice => The return fare …………………………… the single fare 28 Mary is slower at doing things than Jill fast => Mary is ……………………………… Jill at doing things 29.Skwierzyna is less exciting than Bogdaniec as => Skwierzyna …………………………………… Bogdaniec 30 People used to eat more bread than they nowadays as => People don't they used to 31 Barbara can skate just as well as John can => John isn't _ 32 This summer has been much cooler than last year COOL => Last summer this year 33 I'm not as good at maths as you BETTER => You me 34 The course wasn't as easy as I'd expected MORE => The course I'd expected 35 This car isn't safe enough to drive DANGEROUS => This car drive 36 This exercise is easier than the last one HARD => This exercise the last one 37 The hotel was further away from the beach than was claimed in the brochure NOWHERE The hotel the beach as they'd claimed in the brochure 38 The school I studied at last year was better than this one good => This school my last one 39 We can ask Janet She knows a lot more about it than I => We can ask Janet I don't know about this _ 40 It will take us at least an hour to get there => We will find _ ANSWER KEY I Double Comparative They produce a lot of paper They need a lot of wood pulp Writing Skill Sentence Transformation Patterns => The more …………………………………, the more …………………………………………….… (The more paper they produce, the more wood pulp they need.) (DH Hang Hai – Khoi D 97-98, P.143) If you drive faster, it is more dangerous => The … (faster you drive, the more dangerous it is.) (BTTH TA 10 – P.121) The crowd became increasingly angry at the long delay (the …, the …) => The … (The longer the delay was, the angrier the crowd became (BTTA 12 – P.202) The value of a picture depends on how famous the artist is => … (The more famous an artist is, the more valuable the picture is (BTTA 12 – P.170) How well I sleep depends on how late I go to bed => … (The later I go to bed, the better I sleep (BTTA 12 – P.170) I don’t spend much time with my family because I work so hard => … (The harder I work, the less time I spend with my family (BTTA 12 – P.170) The traffic moves very slowly as more cars come into the city => … (The more cars come into the city, the more slowly/ the slower the traffic moves (BTTA 12 – P.170) How much you sweat depends on how hot you get => … (The hotter you get, the more you sweat (BTTA 12 – P.170) The idea becomes less attractive as I think about it more => … (The more I think about the idea, the less attractive it becomes./ The more I think about it, the less attractive the idea becomes (BTTA 12 – P.170) 10 How much petrol a car uses depends on the size of the engine => … (The bigger the engine is, the more petrol a car uses (BTTA 12 – P.170) 11 It’s hard to concentrate when you are tired => … (The more tired you are, the harder it is to concentrate (BTTA 12 – P.170) 12 The service of a hotel depends on how expensive it => … (The more expensive the hotel is, the better service (it is) (BTTA 12 – P.170) 13 He has never behaved so violently before => He is behaving … (more violently than ever before (BTTA 12 – P.204) 14 People no longer smoke so many cigarettes as they used to => The … (smoking is no longer as popular/widespread as it used to be.) (BTTA 12 – P.204) 15 As television programs become more popular, they seem to get worse => The more … (popular television programs (become), the worse they seem to get.) (BTTA 12 – P.204) 16 There weren’t nearly as many people there as I had expected => There were far … (fewer people there than I expected.) (BTTA 12 – P.204) 17 My boss works better when he’s pressed for the time => … (The less time my boss has, the better he works (be pressed for the time: eo hep thoi gian) (BTTA 12 – P.204) 18 Compared with their counterparts 20 years ago, the highly educated now receive vastly higher salaries => The highly educated now … (receive vastly higher salaries than their counterparts did 20 years ago.) (BTTA 12 – P.220) 19 As he grew older, he became more and more forgetful => The … (older he grew/got, the more forgetful he became.) (BD HSG TA 11 – P.69) 20 As I listened to the music on repeated occasions, my request for the composer increased => The more … Writing Skill Sentence Transformation Patterns (I listened to the music on repeated occasions, the more my request for the composer increased.) (BD HSG TA 11 – P.168) 21 We should spend as little money as possible => The less … (money we spend, the better) (BD HSG TA 12 – P.112) 22 Their excitement was increasing all the time (excited) => They were getting … (They were getting more and more excited – BTTA 10 – P.193) 23 Prices just get higher all the time? (and) => Prices … (Prices just get higher and higher – BTTA 10 – P.193) 24 If you sleep longer, you will be more relaxed => The longer … (10 The longer you sleep, the more relaxed you will be.) 25 As he grew more impatient, he became more unruly => The more … (The more impatient he grew, the more unruly he became.) 26 As I listened to the music on repeated occasions, my respect for the composer increased => The more (The more I listened to the music, the more my respect for the composer increased.) 27 His behaviour is beginning to annoy me more and more => I am beginning to … (get more and more annoyed by his behaviour (Adj of Attitude) (BDHSG TA 11 – P.142) II Popular Comparisons Apples are not so cheap as oranges (dearer than) => … (DH Hang Hai – Khoi D – chuyen ban 97-98, P.161) When I was younger I used to go climbing more than I now => Now … (Now I don’t go climbing as much as I used to.) (DH NN Ha Noi – Khoi D – chuyen ban 97-98, P.193) She knows a lot more than I => I don’t know … Helen can play the piano better than Elizabeth => Elizabeth … (Elizabeth cannot play the piano as well as Helen./ Elizabeth is not such a good pianist as Helen./ Elizabeth is less good at playing the piano than Helen.) (Hoc Vien QHQT – Khoi D 97-98, P.294) I thought this meal would cost more than it did => This meal didn’t … (This meal didn’t cost so much as I had expected.) (DH An Ninh – 97-98, P.17) Couldn’t you find a better hotel? => Is this …………………………………………………………………? (Is this the best hotel (that) you can/could find?) (DH Ngoai Thuong – 2001-2002, P.64) I think that no city in the world is more beautiful than Paris => I think Paris … (I think Paris is the most beautiful city in the world.) (HVCTQG – Phan Vien BCTT – 2001-2002, P 129) Andrew hasn’t many friends Claire has lots of friends (popular) => … (Claire is more popular than Andrew.) (CDSP HN – 2001-2002, P.250) This train is more convenient than all the others (most) => This train … (This train is the most convenient – BTTA 10 – P.192) 10 I’m not as fit as you (am) => You’re … (You’re fitter than I am – BTTA 10 – P.155) 11 The table and the desk are the same size (big) => The table … (The table is as big as the desk – BTTA 10 – P.192) 12 This crossword is the easiest (difficult) => This crossword … (This crossword is more difficult than all the others – BTTA 10 – P.193) 13 This is Ann’s favourite soap opera (… the most.) => … (Ann likes this soap opera the most./This is the soap opera that Ann likes the most.) 14 Arnold speaks French much better than his sister does => Arnold’s sister … (Amold’s sister doesn’t speak French so well as he does.) 15 A bus is cheaper than a taxi (less) => A bus … (A bus is less expensive than a taxi – BTTA 10 – P.193) Writing Skill Sentence Transformation Patterns 16 She was suitably impressed with the painting => She was as … (She was as impressed as people had hoped.) (BTTH TA 10 – P.145) 17 You won’t reach the station in less than twenty minutes => It will take … (you at least twenty minutes to reach the station.) (BD HSG TA 11 – P.79) 18 No situation is more depressing than being unemployed => Being … (unemployed is the most depressing situation.) (BD HSG TA 12 – P.84) 19 Nobody in the world can run fast as Fleetfoot => Fleetfoot … (is the fastest runner in the world/ runs the fastest in the world.) (BD HSG TA 12 – P.112) 20 These two boxers weigh exactly the same => There is no … (difference in weight between these two boxers.) (BD HSG TA 12 – P.140) (Hai võ sĩ cân nặng xác => Khơng có khác cân nặng hai võ sĩ này.) 21 It was more of an argument than a discussion => It was not so … (much a discussion as an argument.) (BD HSG TA 12 – P.126) (Đó tranh luận/ cãi thảo luận => Đó khơng giống thảo luận cãi nhau) 22 He is more a lecturer than a teacher => He is not so … (BD HSG TA 12 – P.140) (Anh ta giống diễn giả giáo viên) (He is not so much a teacher as a lecturer (Anh ta không giống giáo viên diễn giả.) 23 She listens more sympathetically than anyone else I know => She is a … (more sympathetic listener than anyone else I know.) (BD HSG TA 12 – P.154) (She is a … (a person who listens more sympathetically than anyone else I know.) 24 Skyscrapers in the USA are on average taller than anywhere else in the world => The average … (skyscraper in the USA is taller/higher/bigger than anywhere else in the world) (BD HSG TA 12 – P.165) (= The average … (size/height of skyscrapers in the USA is greater than anywhere else in the world) 25 I was surprised how hard I had to work when I became a teacher (EXPECTED) => I had to …………………… when I became a teacher => I had to work harder/ more than (I/ I had) expected when I became a teacher (CAE-4) 26 There aren't any trains earlier than this one =>This is _ (This is the earliest train.) 27 The return fare is double the single fare twice => The return fare …………………………… the single fare (…… is / costs twice (as much as) ……) 28 Mary is slower at doing things than Jill fast => Mary is ……………………………… Jill at doing things (Mary is … not as fast as …… Jill at doing things.) 29.Skwierzyna is less exciting than Bogdaniec as => Skwierzyna …………………………………… Bogdaniec (Skwierzyna isn’t as exciting as Bogdaniec.) 30 People used to eat more bread than they nowadays as => People don't they used to (People don't _eat as much bread as / eat so much bread as _ they used to.) 31 Barbara can skate just as well as John can => John isn't _ (John isn' t a better skater than Barbara Or: Jonh isn't better at skatting than Barbara.) 32 This summer has been much cooler than last year COOL => Last summer this year (wasn't as cool as/ was not as cool as) 33 I'm not as good at maths as you BETTER => You me (are better at maths than/ 're better at maths than/ can maths better than) 34 The course wasn't as easy as I'd expected MORE => The course I'd expected (was more difficult than) 35 This car isn't safe enough to drive DANGEROUS => This car drive ('s too dangerous to/ is too dangerous to) 36 This exercise is easier than the last one HARD => This exercise the last one (is not as hard as/ isn't as hard as) Writing Skill Sentence Transformation Patterns 37 The hotel was further away from the beach than was claimed in the brochure NOWHERE The hotel the beach as they'd claimed in the brochure (was nowhere near as close to) 38 The school I studied at last year was better than this one good => This school my last one (isn't as good as/is not as good as/'s not as good as) 39 We can ask Janet She knows a lot more about it than I => We can ask Janet I don't know about this _ (We can ask Janet I don’t know about this as much as she does.) 40 It will take us at least an hour to get there => We will find _ (We will find it impossible to get there in less than an hour / before an hour.) 41 If anyone succeeds in solving the problem, it will probably be him => He is the most … (likely person to succeed in solving the problem.) (BD HSG TA 11 – P.131) => likely = Ajective ... than me - PRACTICE ON COMPARISONS Writing Skill Sentence Transformation Patterns I Double Comparative They produce a lot of paper They need a lot of wood pulp => The more …………………………………, the more... _ ANSWER KEY I Double Comparative They produce a lot of paper They need a lot of wood pulp Writing Skill Sentence Transformation Patterns => The more …………………………………, the more …………………………………………….…... world is more beautiful than Paris Writing Skill Sentence Transformation Patterns => I think Paris … Andrew hasn’t many friends Claire has lots of friends (popular) => … This train is more convenient